5712 The use of one pattern concessively makes a boredom and contrast with characteristic of natural text.
Thus, naturally, the various use of Theme-Rheme development pattern is used in the language.
3. Method of the Research
This research uses descriptive-qualitative approach that describes Theme-Shift in the text of Soekarno’s speecgh . The descriptive method used in this research because it can give a systematic,
factual, and accurate about the data, the characteristices and the relations of phenomena studied and finally is able to give natural dsecription Djajasudarma, 1993. The descriptive research may use
qualitative or quantitative data Soejono dan Abdurrahman,1999. The object of the research is taken from written texts that consists of four speeches: 1
President Soekarno’s Speech in Semarang 29 Juli 1956, 2 President Soekarno’s Speech about Pancasila. 3 President Soekarno’s Speech at the time of declaring Proclamation and 4 President
Soekarno’s Speech in Asia-African Conference 1955.
In doing a research, the data can be collected by doing some observations that consist of writing the data, analysing the data and finally drawing the conclusions Moleong,1999. The
internet is needed to take data in the form of written text particularly speeches that can be accessed easily and fast.
4. Result of the Research
Based on the analysis of the four texts of Soekarno’s speeches, the result found is that there are some variations of Theme-Shift used in his speeches as described in the table below:
The Number and Percentage of Theme-Shift Types Texts of Speech
Types of Theme-Shift Pattern 1
Pattern 2 Pattern 3
Pattern 4 Pattern
5 Pattern
6 Pattern
7
Text 1 4
46 2
- 13
- -
Text 2 6
9 -
- 18
- -
Text 3 6
4 5
3 -
- -
Text 4 -
28 -
- -
10 -
Total of clauses 16
87 7
3 31
10 -
Percentage 10,3
56,5 4,5
2 20,2
6,5 -
Based on the table, the most dominant Theme- Shift found in the text of Soekarno’s speeches
is Pattern 2 with the total 87 clauses 56,5. The second place is pattern 5 with the total 31 clauses 20,2 , the third is pattern 1 with the total 16 clauses 10,3 , the fourth is pattern 6 with the total
10 clauses 6,5 and the two last patterns are Pattern 3 with the total 7 clauses 4,5 and Pattern 4 with the total 3 clauses 2 .
First, the most dominant Theme- Shift found in Soekarno’s texts is Pattern 2. Theme in a
clause becomes Theme in the next clauses. The repetition of the same word as Theme in the first clause to be the Theme in the next clauses, stress the meaning, significant idea, and important
message to be remembered by the listeners. Thus there is a consistency of the speaker to arrange the ideas of his speech by concentrating the use of the Theme to be developed into Themes in the next
clauses. Secondly, The use of Pattern 5 in the speech means that every clauses of the speech are arranged by realizing one Rheme into the Rhemes in the next clauses. Third, the use of Pattern 1 in
the speech is used to relate one idea of a clause to another clause. In other words, the Theme is expressed based on the Rheme in the previous clause. Fourth, the use of Pattern 6 in the speech
means that the speaker’s ideas in some clauses are the development of a previous clause. Fifth, the
5713 use of Pattern 3 in the speech indicates that the speaker describes his ideas by shifting Rheme of a
clause into some Themes in the next clauses. Finally sixth, the use of Pattern 4 in the speech means that an idea is realized by developing a Theme into some Rhemes in the next clauses.
5. Conclusions and Suggestions 5.1
