3
Konferensi Int ernasional Kesusast raan XXII UNY-HISKI, 2012
victory was gain by common people of Korea. The strong identity continues to be recognized until present.
Three characteristics from this identification are people have the same background or nativity, battles are fighting against Korean people and assimilations occur from the
influence of Chinese, Japanese and USA not acculturation. I dentity is taken from transitions that contain battles, shifting mindsets and proclamation. A struggle that is
based on similar attention but was not noticed. Therefore, brotherhood is constructed stronger because of these characteristics and made an identity in Korea.
C. Hw an Sun- Won Biography
Hwan Sun-Won was born in 1915 in Pyongyang. Near his twenties he is able to published two volumes of poetry. 1945 he and his family moved to southern part of Korea
and was displaced in1950-1953 because civil war. He had work in schools and universities. From this short biography, it is seen that Hwan Sun-Won was familiar of
many battles
and published
volumes of
literary works
http: hompi.sogang.ac.kr anthony klt 96fall hwangsunwon.htm One of the characteristics that we can attribute to Hwang Sun-won, who
contributed greatly to Korean fiction-specifically to the maturation and refinement of the short
story-is that
he was
an exceptional
conveyer of
Korean memory.
http: hompi.sogang.ac.kr anthony klt 96fall yuchongho.htm
D. Analysis
To understand Crane by Hwan Sun-Won is to sense the atmosphere bond of memories. Memories that show conflicts among people and approach the matter through
ancient symbols are keys to understand the plot. Characters, setting and themes have been explored by Sun-Won and give readers a sense of bonding. This bond is able to
reduce hatred, envy and revenge. As replace for love, toleration and forgiveness.
Furthermore, a description of brotherhood is illustrated through characters, symbols and settings. Characters in the short story are two men that represent North and
South Korea. T
ŏkchae
and S
ŏngsam
, both of them are dominant in the plot. I n developing the plot, events are picturesque of memories and flashbacks. Fragments of
Korea are set in several stages and eras until modern settings T
ŏkchae
and S
ŏngsam are childhood friends that were separated because of war.
The last time they were friends was seven years ago and not they met again as enemies. S
ŏngsam as an officer of South Korea has an open attitude because of western influence
and more self confident. Below quotation shows a description of S
ŏngsam, 이마을에서처음보다시피하는젊은이라
,
가까이가얼굴을들여다보았다
.
깜짝놀랐다
.
바로어려서단짝동무였던덕재가아니냐
. I t was the first youth he had seen in the village; he went closer and examined his face.
He was startled. Why, it was T
ŏkchae, his best friend as a child.
S
ŏngsam is more self confident because of his attached power as an officer. Because of
different situations, his action is more transparent. One act of initiating is recognizing a long time friend from the past. Opposite mindset between two poles has been subside for
a moment and a significant emotion from the past.
4
Konferensi Int ernasional Kesusast raan XXII UNY-HISKI, 2012
덕재는한결같이외면한채성삼이쪽은보려고도하지않았다
. T
ŏkchae consistently kept his eyes averted and did not once so much as glance in
S
ŏngsam’s direction.
On the other hand, T
ŏkchae as a prisoner is described as a captive character. He is
avoiding his childhood friend because of his opposite politic state. Unconsciously, his character does not show hatred but avoiding the matter by looking at a different
direction. He is also keeping a certain expression from his friend.
어쩌다만나는늙은이는담뱃대부터뒤로돌렸다
.
아이들은또아이들대로멀찌감치서미리길을비켰다
.
모두겁에질린얼굴들이었다
. Old men he happened to cross turned aside, pipes first. The children left the path well
ahead of him, as children do. Every face was riven with fear. Other stagnant characters are inserted. They are functioned as a picture of Korea in a
complete form. Old men as representation of old generation carry traditional values and children as modern people offer contemporaries ideas. This picture enables to compare
and defines Korea.
Atmosphere that was dissolved from deep contemplation has produced three important symbols in the story. These symbols are cigarette, chestnut and crane.
Knowledge that consists in them is more of Korean values or local values and sense that appears in the short story has a consistence and recognizable meanings. Therefore,
readers are able to understand and follow the solemn and contemplation by Sun-Won.
Sun-Won as a prominent author in Korea has chosen these symbols to show how values influence fundamentally in Korea daily life. They were found from ancient time and
continue to be practice until present. His idea is not referring to separation but describing more of strong bonding, which rooted in the same place. The two first symbols, which are
chestnut and crane, are related to the history of Korea. Chestnut is found in wedding ceremonies and crane is a common expectation for every man. The third word is
Cigarette and it symbolizes for capitalism http: mdparker46.com 2012 05 11 cigarettes- the-symbol-of-capitalism .
Chestnut is
…a symbol
of children
http: www.life123.com relationships weddings wedding-customs-traditions korean- wedding-traditions.shtml. This symbol has appeared in the beginning of the story with
expectation not to be disturbed and from there meaning has been developed. There are several purposes, which are to give birth and appreciate childhood.
성삼이는그만저도모르게터져나오려는웃음을겨우참았다
.
제입으로애가몇이나되느냐묻고서도이가을에첫애를낳게됐다는말을듣고는우스워못견디 겠는것이다
.
그러지않아도작은몸에곧배를한아름안고꼬맹이
.
그러나이런때그런일로웃거나농담을할처지가아니라는걸깨달으며
,
5
Konferensi Int ernasional Kesusast raan XXII UNY-HISKI, 2012
S
ŏngsam suppressed with difficulty the laugh that had unexpectedly come welling up. The
question how many kids they had came from his own lips, yet the news that the first was due this autumn was somehow unbearably comic. Even without that, Mini had been so
small, her belly must be a whole armful now. Still, he sensed that this was not at all the moment to laugh or make a joke about it.
T
ŏkchae and his wife, Mini, were
poor family. They were expecting their first child but the situation is difficult for them. They were expecting a child but he was not able to witness
it. But on the contrary quotation above describes worries of losing the baby. Moreover, memories of childhood friends are collected in a chestnut tree where
they usually play. These memories are not forgotten and pull many events together. Children and chestnut tree was in one location.
그혹부리할아버지도그새세상을떠났는가
,
몇사람만난동네늙은이가운데뵈지않았다
.
성삼이는밤나무를안은채잠시푸른가을하늘을치어다보았다
.
흔들지도않은밤나뭇가지에서남은밤송이가저혼자아람이벌어져떨어져내렸다
. Maybe that old man with the wen had died too? There had been no sign of him among
the few elderly inhabitants he had encountered. Embracing the chestnut tree, S
ŏngsam
briefly gazed up at the blue autumn sky. On a branch that had not so much as stirred, a remaining chestnut burr gaped open of its own accord and the ripe chestnuts fell.
S
ŏngsam does not only recall memories but also shows his emotion in hope and
expectation. The ripe chestnut that fell is next generation. What are they to become? The bond that was developed between man and environment is explained through
the symbol crane. Crane contains hope of life as “…cranes stand for good fortune and longevity because of its fabled life span of a thousand years.” http: www.sos-
walk.org sos crane.htm is an answer described at the end of the story. Emotion that both childhood friends have is a bond that was limited by political matter but
unconsciously it grew more than friendship. S
ŏngsam decision to let Tŏkchae go was
caused by the feeling of brotherhood. As seen in the quotation below:
때마침단정학두세마리가높푸른가을하늘에곧날개를펴고유유히날고있었다
.
Just then, a few red- crow ned cranes w ere slow ly flying w ith outstretched w ings across the high, blue autumn sky.
The last symbol seems to be different with the other two because cigarette represents western values or capitalism. New values are exposed to Asia region and put
a great change in social life. Some of the behaviors are individuality and extrovert. S
ŏngsam as an officer has been open in ideas and liberal in act. As an example is
smoking.
6
Konferensi Int ernasional Kesusast raan XXII UNY-HISKI, 2012
I n the quotation below, a setting has been given to show how cigarettes give confidence to S
ŏngsam. In a situation where he must accompany his chi
ldhood friend and enemy at the same time he has been smoking many times to adjust a timid situation.
Nevertheless, this also shows power he gain from being an officer in his own territory.
섬삼이는연거푸담배만피웠다
.
담배맛은몰랐다
.
그저연기만기껏빨았다내뿜곤했다
.
그러다가문득이덕재녀석도담배생각이나려니하는생각이들었다
.
어려서어른들몰래담모퉁이에서호박잎담배를나눠피우던생각이났다
.
그러나오늘이놈에게담배를권하다니될말이냐
. S
ŏngsam went on smoking one cigarette after another. He could not taste anything. He
merely inhaled the smoke. Suddenly the thought struck him that this T
ŏkchae fellow mus
t be longing for a cigarette too. The memory came of the two of them as children smoking
cigarettes made from pumpkin leaves in a corner of the garden wall. But it would not do to offer this fellow a cigarette today, now, would it?
An interesting event is when these characters are representations of two different political perspectives but at the same time recalls childhood memories. This comparison is similar
with Cigarettes that were symbols of modernization were also done as a childhood game. Two opposite intentions were unified and considers as reasonable facts.
성삼이는새로불을댕겨문담배를내던졌다 .
그리고는이덕재자식을데리고가는동안다시담배는붙여물지않으리라마음먹는다 .
S ŏngsam threw down the cigarette he had just lit. He decided he would not
smoke another cigarette w hile he w as taking this fellow T ŏkchae
dow n.
These addictive commodities were defeated by toleration of solemn bond from these childhood events. To understand his situation, S
ŏngsam decided that he should not need
nicotine to reduce his nervousness. He realized that his time withT
ŏkchae was pr
ecious and the warmth feeling of the bond gave strength to his life as brothers.
E. Conclusion
