text is about Japanese culture. Therefore, this strategy has to be applied. The word samuarai should be translated into aristokrat Jepang pada abad XI sampai
XIX yang menjadi pegawai pemerintahan. Another strategy which similar to descriptive equivalent is componential
analysis strategy. This strategy is applied when the ST word is translated into the TT word by giving detail explanation of the meaning in the TT words. The
descriptive equivalent is chosen to translate the words related to culture, while the componential analysis is applied to translate the general words. For example:
ST: Gadis itu menari dengan luwesnya. TT: The girl is dancing with great fluidity and grace Suryawinata and
Hariyanto, 2003:73. By applying the componential analysis strategy, the word luwes is
translated becomes with great fluidity and grace, hence, the TT readers will be easier to imagine and understand what luwes is.
iv. Synonym
According to Newmark, the word „synonym‟ in the sense of near target language equivalent to an source language word in a context, where a precise
equivalent may or may not exist 1988:84. This strategy is used by applying the similar word to the ST in the TT.
ST: What a cute baby you‟ve got
TT: Alangkah lucunya bayi Anda Suryawinata and Hariyanto, 2003:73.
The word cute is translated into lucu. Thsoe two words are synonymous. The word cute indicates tininess, beauty or handsomeness, and pleasant to play
with, while the word lucu indicates that the kid is really attractive, therefore heshe are pleasant to play with.
v. Official Translation
As stated by Suryawinata and Hariyanto 2003, in translating the formal text, the translator needs to refer to Pedoman Pengindonesiaan Nama dan Kata
Asing1995, published by Pusat Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa, Departement of Education, Republic ocf Indonesia. For example, as proposed by
Suryawinata and Hariyanto, the phrase read-only memory, is translated into memori simpan tetap. By applying this strategy, the translator is able to save
time and also participate in giving the direction of Bahasa Indonesia development Suryawinata and Hariyanto, 2003: 74.
vi. Narrowing and Broadening
Narrowing means a word component in the ST is being narrowed. For example, in the ST there is automobile, then it is translated into mobil in the TT.
The word automobile undergoes narrowing strategy. Meanwhile, broadening means a word is being expanded in the TT. For
example, the word whale in the ST, becomes ikan paus in the TT. The word ikan is added in the TT, because the word paus in the TT means the leader of
Catholic in the whole world.
vii. Addition
This is different from the addition strategy which is in the structural strategy. This addition strategy is applied for the meaning clarity. By applying
this strategy, the translator adds the additional information inside the translation
because that addition is considered needed by the TT readers. As stated by Newmark in Suryawinata and Hariyanto 2003:74, the additional information
can be placed inside the text, or on the footer of the page as a footer. For example:
ST: The skin, which is hard and scaly, is grayish in color, thus helping to camouflage it from the predators when underwater.
TL:Kulitnya, yang keras dan bersisik, berwarna abu-abu. Dengan demikian, kulit ini membantunya berkamuflase, menyesuaikan diri
dengan keadaan lingkungan untuk menyelamatkan diri dari predator, hewan pemangsa, jika berada di dalam air Suryawinata and Hariyanto,
2003:75.
According to the example above, the words camouflage and predator are borrowing from the ST, and in the TT, there are additional information about
both words. Addition strategy can also be applied for the sake of stylistic or the
smoothness of the sentence. For example: ST:
“Tetapi bagaimana si Dora? Dia sudah terima itu cincin?” Burung- burung Manyar, 8
TT: “But what about Dora” I asked my friend. “Did she get the ring?” The Weaverbirds, 16
A clause I asked my friend is added in the TT in order to result a smooth and proper sentence Suryawinata and Hariyanto, 2003:75.
viii. Omission and Deletion
Omission means there is a part of the ST which is not translated in the TT, so that it becomes omitted in the TT. For example:
ST: “Sama dengan raden ayu ibunya,” katanya lirih.
TT: “Just like her mother,” she whispered Suryawinata and Hariyanto, 2003:75.
ix. Modulation
As stated by Newmark in Suryawinata and Hariyanto 2003:75, this strategy is applied when the translator has different perspective from the author
in translating the ST. This strategy is chosen when the literal translation is considered not resulting an acceptable tranlastion. For example:
ST: I broke my leg TT: Kakiku patah Suryawinata and Hariyanto, 2003: 76.
Based on the example, the translator emphasizes to the object, which is kaki, not from the subject as in the ST, which is saya or I.
Based on those theories, the writer will be able to analyze what translation strategies used by the translator in translating the romance elements
of Sparks‟ Dear John.
C. Theoretical Framework
The definitions of translation as stated by Newmark, Catford, and Nida and Taber, the acceptability indicators and scoring by Nababan, and then the
theory of translation strategy as described by Suryawinata and Hariyanto are used as the ground theory of this present thesis. The translation definition from
those three authors will help the writer to focus on the main topic of this present thesis, which is translation. Theacceptability indicators and scoring system from
Nababan will be applied to answer the first problem, it is applied as guidance in analyzing, calculating, and determining the acceptability of the translation, while
the theory of translation strategy from Suryawinata and Hariyanto, is needed to answer the second problem. It will be used to analyze and determine what
translation strategies are chosen by the translator.
