of reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source- language message, first in terms of meaning and second in terms of style
.” Newmark 1988: 7 says that
“Translation is a craft consisting in the attempt to replace a written message andor statement in one language by the same message andor statement in
another language.” Meanwhile, Bell 1991: 6 defines “translation as the replacement of a representation of a text in one language by a representation of an equivalent text
in a second language.” In accordance to those statements above, translation is the replacement or
representation of transferring messages or textual material into another language that can be in different point of view or style without changing the meaning. In this
process, meaning equivalent needs to be preserved in order to produce a good translation quality. From those definitions of translation which are presented
chronologically from various experts, they are completing each other as time goes by translation studies develop from year to year.
b. Types of Translation
There are many ways for experts in expressing and classifying types of translation. One of some experts is Roman Jakobson. Jakobson 2002: 23 in his
article On Linguistic Aspects of Translation differentiates three types of translation. They are intralingual, interlingual, and intersemiotic.
1 Intralingual Translation Rewording Intralingual translation is an interpretation of verbal signs by means of other
signs in the same language. This type of translation only involves one language. A
text or an expression is rewritten in different words within a language. In other words, it deals with rephrasing or simplifying a text or an expression, e.g. a word correct is
translated into true which those words have the same meaning in one language. 2 Interlingual Translation Translation Proper
Interlingual translation is an interpretation of verbal signs by means of some other languages. It involves a transferring message from a certain language into other
languages with two or more different languages, e.g. a text or an expression from Bahasa Indonesia is translated into English andor Italian.
3 Intersemiotic Translation Transmutation Intersemiotic translation is a translation of verbal signs by means of signs of
non verbal sign system. It can be a written text which is translated into a different medium and is not expressed in the form of language, such as music, film, or
painting. Besides, sign language is included intersemiotic translation since the language is transferred into signals to communicate with people who unable to hear.
In this research, the researcher uses a novel Ronggeng Dukuh Paruk which uses Indonesian language and the English version The Dancer in analyzing address
terms. According to three types of translation by Jakobson, those novels are included in interlingual translation since Ronggeng Dukuh Paruk are translated into English
and some other languages, such as Japanese, German, and Dutch. Another type of translation is stated by Rochayah Machali. Machali 1998:
168 classifies two types of translation based on two types of shifts. Those types are total translation and adaptive translation. Total translation is define as
“in which all
