aspects of meaning are translated, with predominantly obligatory shifts occurring.” This type can also be regarded as recreating. Meanwhile adaptive translation is
defined as “in which there is an adaption in the text character locally or globally, with
or without shifting in generic type or world views.”
c. Process of Translation
Translating is a process of transferring messages source language into a different language target language. In translating a text or a book, there are some
stages that have to be followed by translators. Nida and Taber 1982: 33, distinguish three stages of translation process. Those stages are explained as follows.
The first stage begins with an activity of analyzing. In this stage, translators should pay attention to the two points dealing with grammatical relationship and the
meaning of word, and the combination of words. This is intended to attain the aim of analyzing the source language which is to deliver a thorough comprehension of the
message. Moreover, they also need to consider the connotative meaning. Therefore, as translators, they should have a good knowledge and understanding in order to
make the massage truly conveyed. The second stage is an activity of transferring. It means transferring the
messages and the ideas from the source language into the target language. Nida and Taber 1982: 33 state that the analyzed material is transferred in the mind of the
receptor from language A to language B. The translators should be able to find the equivalent word, phrase, clause, and sentence in the target language. In this stage, the
meaning of address terms from the source language is transferred into the target
language. The way of transferring is the way the translator translates the address terms, so that the translation of address terms can be understood and acceptable for
the readers. The third stage is an activity of restructuring. After transferring the message
and the idea into the target language, the translators should restructure the translation in which the analyzed material is restructured in order to make the final message fully
acceptable in the target language. In relation to this, Nida and Taber 1982: 33 express their ideas in a diagram
as follows.
Figure 1. Process of Translation Nida, 1982: 33
2. Translation Strategies
Translation method, strategy, and technique are not actually the same things. In line with Molina and Albir 2002: 507, they
say that “translation method, strategy, and technique are essentially different categories.” Translation methods are explained
as the way a particular translation process is carried out in terms of the translator’s
