focuses on pronouns, kinships, titles, and names. Then, this research uses seven types of address terms by Khani and Yousefi which are personal names, kinship terms,
titles, terms of intimacy, descriptive phrases, pronouns, and zero address terms. Second, in terms of translation techniques, the first researcher finds equalization,
substitution and deletion techniques that are used by the translator. The second researcher uses translation techniques by Molina and Albir, and this research employs
translation strategies by Guerra. Third, in measuring the degree of meaning equivalence Yulyanal uses the theory by Nida, and Fitriani and the researcher use
Bell’s theory.
B. Conceptual Framework
Translating cultural terms like address terms is not as simple as it is imagined. Some considerations have to be faced by the translator in translating Bahasa
Indonesia into English such as types of address terms, translation strategies employed by the translator, and degree of meaning equivalence. These are due to the cultural
aspects that are transferred into English. The aims of this research focuses on finding types of address terms found in Ahmad Tohari
’s Ronggeng Dukuh Paruk and their translation in The Dancer, translation strategies employed in translating the address
terms in Ronggeng Dukuh Paruk, and degree of meaning equivalence of the translation of address terms in Ronggeng Dukuh Paruk and their translation in The
Dancer.
There are some theories used by the researcher as the framework in this research. Those theories are used to help the researcher in analyzing the problems that
have been formulated. This research adopts the notion of translation stating that it is the replacement of textual material in one language source language by equivalent
textual material in another language target language by transferring the message and the ideas from the source language into the target language and finding the equivalent
word, phrase, clause, and sentence in the target language. In this research, the different types of address terms will be first discussed.
There are seven types of address terms proposed by Khani and Yousefi. They are personal names, kinship terms, titles, terms of intimacy, descriptive phrases,
pronouns, and zero address terms. Personal names are commonly used to address people by using interlocutor
’s first name, last name, first and last name, or nickname. Kinship terms indicate a family relationship that refers to family members, other
relatives, and people who do not include family relationship. Titles are forms of people
’s initial that show social ranks or gender. They can be combined by the name of the interlocutor or only used by the title itself. Terms of
intimacy are used to show affection among two close persons who have known and liked for each other and to show friendliness among friends. Descriptive phrases are
terms which include an element of description that can be used as courtesy expressions or insulting expressions to address other people. Pronouns are used to
refer to a noun that has already been mentioned. Zero address terms is not using any
