Formulation of the Problem Objectives of the Research

text or an expression is rewritten in different words within a language. In other words, it deals with rephrasing or simplifying a text or an expression, e.g. a word correct is translated into true which those words have the same meaning in one language. 2 Interlingual Translation Translation Proper Interlingual translation is an interpretation of verbal signs by means of some other languages. It involves a transferring message from a certain language into other languages with two or more different languages, e.g. a text or an expression from Bahasa Indonesia is translated into English andor Italian. 3 Intersemiotic Translation Transmutation Intersemiotic translation is a translation of verbal signs by means of signs of non verbal sign system. It can be a written text which is translated into a different medium and is not expressed in the form of language, such as music, film, or painting. Besides, sign language is included intersemiotic translation since the language is transferred into signals to communicate with people who unable to hear. In this research, the researcher uses a novel Ronggeng Dukuh Paruk which uses Indonesian language and the English version The Dancer in analyzing address terms. According to three types of translation by Jakobson, those novels are included in interlingual translation since Ronggeng Dukuh Paruk are translated into English and some other languages, such as Japanese, German, and Dutch. Another type of translation is stated by Rochayah Machali. Machali 1998: 168 classifies two types of translation based on two types of shifts. Those types are total translation and adaptive translation. Total translation is define as “in which all aspects of meaning are translated, with predominantly obligatory shifts occurring.” This type can also be regarded as recreating. Meanwhile adaptive translation is defined as “in which there is an adaption in the text character locally or globally, with or without shifting in generic type or world views.”

c. Process of Translation

Translating is a process of transferring messages source language into a different language target language. In translating a text or a book, there are some stages that have to be followed by translators. Nida and Taber 1982: 33, distinguish three stages of translation process. Those stages are explained as follows. The first stage begins with an activity of analyzing. In this stage, translators should pay attention to the two points dealing with grammatical relationship and the meaning of word, and the combination of words. This is intended to attain the aim of analyzing the source language which is to deliver a thorough comprehension of the message. Moreover, they also need to consider the connotative meaning. Therefore, as translators, they should have a good knowledge and understanding in order to make the massage truly conveyed. The second stage is an activity of transferring. It means transferring the messages and the ideas from the source language into the target language. Nida and Taber 1982: 33 state that the analyzed material is transferred in the mind of the receptor from language A to language B. The translators should be able to find the equivalent word, phrase, clause, and sentence in the target language. In this stage, the meaning of address terms from the source language is transferred into the target