Subtractions + Alterations Sub+Alt
Firstly, the addition in terms of connectives can be seen from the Indonesian connective word „Dan’ literary, „And’ in the beginning of the target
expression which does not exist in the source expression. The function of such connective word here is just to mark one segment or sentence to another so it is
allowed to simply add it if needed. Secondly, the subtraction in terms of specification of reference can be seen
from the source expression “he told me” which is rendered in the target expression
as “dia mengatakan” literary, “he told”. Since it is considered clear enough to
whom the subject „he’ would tell about, the interpreter omit the object participant „me’ which exist in the source expression so the target expression becomes more
implicit. Lastly, the alteration in terms of clause and sentence structure can be seen
from the source expression
“He told me, „I took a whole year to conquer them’”
which is rendered in the target expression as
“Dan dia mengatakan bahwa satu tahun lamanya baru bisa sembuh
” Literary, “And he told that one year is the period of recovering
”. The change is from direct discourse to indirect in which the source expression uses a direct discourse but the target expression uses
indirect discourse. Another example is from datum 128seg25444:13Add.6Sub.2Sub.4
Alt.5BA, in which the combination is between subtractions in terms of transitionals and specification of reference, an alteration in terms of semantic
problems involving exocentric expressions, and an addition in terms of connectives. The example and the explanations are presented as follows.
SE: And
A
when you give your heart
B
to God
C1
every morning, you are
actually giving Him
C2
your frontal lobe.
TE: Kalau anda berdoa menyerahkan diri
B
setiap pagi, itu berarti
D
anda
sedang menyerahkan akan otak depan anda kepada Tuhan
C
. [When you pray by giving self
B
every morning, it means that
D
you
are giving your frontal lobe to God
C
.] Firstly, there are two types of subtractions here, which are transitionals
and specification of reference. In terms of transitionals, the subtraction can be seen from the transitional
word „And’ in the source expression which is omitted in the target expression. Then, in terms of specification of reference, the subtraction
can be seen on the two words „God’ and „Him’ in the source expression which are
rendered in the target expression as one word „Tuhan’ literary, „God’.
Secondly, the alteration in terms of semantic problems involving exocentric expression can be seen from the English expression
“…give your heart…” which is rendered in Bahasa Indonesia as “…berdoa menyerahkan
diri …” literary, “…pray by giving self…”. The „berdoa’ literary, „pray’ is
added in the target expression to imply that it does not only give your heart to God but also to pray to God. Then, the
phrase „your heart’ is rendered as the word „diri’ literary, „self’ to produce a natural expression in Bahasa Indonesia.
Thirdly, the addition in terms of connectives can be seen from the target expression “itu berarti” literary, “it means that” functioning to give a connection
between the first clause and the next clause. The interpreter may consider that it is needed to add such connection in order to produce a natural expression.