in the elderly in Pamotan, Sambeng, Lamongan.
Group activity therapy is a group of psychotherapy conducted by the patients to
discuss between one to another led or directed by a therapist or mental health
worker who have been trained Rehabilitation Manual of Mental Patient
Mental Hospital in Indonesia in Joseph, 2007. Psychological group therapy is
conducted in groups to provide stimulation for patients with impaired interpersonal
Joseph, 2008.
It deals with the general purpose of TAK that is to enhance communication and
feedback. Getting socialized, improving session 1 to the patient has not been able
to reduce depression. 2. The level of depression of elderly after
giving perception stimulation TAK session 2 to the depressed patients are
able to reduce the level of depression by means of Identification of positive
things of themselves.
3. There is an effect of perception stimulation TAK session 1 identifying
positive things of themselves to the level of depression of elderly in the Pamotan,
Sambeng, Lamongan. It is supported by the data analysis using Mc Nemar test
with significance level α of 0.05 and p = 0.000. The result shows that there is a
relationship between giving perception
awareness of relationship emotional
stimulation group activity therapy
reaction toward the action, and motivating for the advancement of the cognitive and
affective functions. It is also in accordance with the specific purpose of TAK which is
to enhance identity, channelize emotions constructively, and improve interpersonal
relationship skills. TAK also has a rehabilitative function in which those who
have been cured medically but need to be prepared in the ability to the function and
social preparation in the community. toward the level of depression of elderly.
b. Suggestion
This study is expected to provide input for the nursing profession about the effect of
group activity therapy TAK of perception stimulation toward the level of depression
of elderly.
Thus the Activity Group Therapy can
6. References
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Alimul, Aziz, 2003.
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themselves, appreciate the positive things of Arikunto Suharsimi 2006.
Prosedur
others, and set the realistic life goals. TAK perception stimulation of depression is an
attempt to the patients to reduce depression, both physically and mentally in order to
think and behave in a constructive without harming clients and families and the
surrounding environment so that they can
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5. Conclusions and Recommendations
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a. Conclusion
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POVERTY AND LUNG TUBERCULOSIS IN PONOROGO Sulistyo Andarmoyo
1
S1 Nursing of Health Sciences Faculty of Muhammadiyah University of Ponorogo Email: sulistyoandarmoyogmail.com
Abstract
Lung Tuberculosis TB is an infectious disease directly affects the lungs caused by tuberculosis bacteria Mycobacterium Tuberculosis. One of main causes of the
increasing of burden of TB is poverty in various groups of people, such as in developing countries. This study aims to determine how the relationships of poverty and the
incidence of lung tuberculosis in Ponorogo regency. This research method used observational of case control approach where the population and the sample were men
and women who visited Health Centers in the region of Ponorogo Regency Health Office either outpatient or inpatient during the study period, adjusted to the criteria of the study.
The results of the study showed that poor respondents had risk of lung tuberculosis infection were 2.2 times greater than non-poor respondents OR = 2.2; CI = 95 .
Suggestions can be submitted are necessary effort and commitment of strong political support, by the support of broad public participation, including the private sector of the
health in solving tuberculosis.
Key words: Poverty, Lung Tuberculosis
Introduction
Tuberculosis is an infectious disease directly caused by the bacteria of
WHO estimates that in 2011 there were 8.7 million new cases of tuberculosis 13
are co-infected of HIV and 1.4 the Mycobacterium group
named million people died of tuberculosis
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Kemenkes RI, 2014, is that an acid-
resistant aerobic bacillus transmitted through the air airborn Asih
Effendy, 2004. Tuberculosis can affect all organs and all age groups.
Nonetheless lung is the organ most frequently affected by Tuberculosis
Kemenkes RI, 2012.
Tuberculosis TB continues to be a health problem in the world,
especially in developing countries. Although the anti-tuberculosis drugs
OAT has been found and vaccination Bacillus Calmette Guerin BCG has
been implemented, TB still not been eradicated all Depkes, 2012.
In developing countries, the death of TB is 25 of all deaths,
actually it is preventable. An estimated 95 of TB cases and 98 of TB
deaths in the world occur in developing countries; with 75 of TB patients are
productive age group 15-50 years.
851
WHO, 2012. In a WHO report in 2013 estimated that there are 8.6 million cases
of TB in 2012 where 1.1 million people 13 of whom were TB patients of
HIV-positive Kemenkes RI, 2014.
In Indonesia lung TB disease is a major problem of public health. Based
on economic calculations using the indicator of DALY Disability Adjusted
Life Year introduced by the Word Bank, TB is 7.7 of the total disease
burden in Indonesia, this figure is higher than in other Asian countries that only 4
. In 1995, the results of the Household Health Survey showed that tuberculosis
is the third cause of death after cardiovascular diseases and respiratory
infections in all age groups, and it is number one of the group of infectious
diseases.
In 1999, WHO estimated that each year 583,000 new cases of
tuberculosis caused the deaths about 140,000. Roughly estimated per 100,000
