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LITERATURE REVIEW: ANALYSIS OF RISK FACTORS FOR POST PARTUM DEPRESSION Reni Nurhidayah STIKes BHAKTI MULIA PARE-KEDIRI Email: reni.rere.nurhidayahgmail.com Abstract The transition to a new parent, lead to stress of new role especially felt by the mother. A mother passing the psychological adaptation period from taking in to letting go, a variety of factors that occurred during the adaptation process can be confounding factor that finally stimulated maladaptive response is commonly called postpartum depression. Postpartum depression has a high prevalence in community. Study conducted on 90 mothers in the postpartum hospital X in Medan 43.3 of respondents experiencing postpartum depression. The high prevalence of postpartum depression is influenced by many factors. Demographic factors such as age, marital status, parity, education level and economic status take a role as one of stressor that contribute to postpartum depression. In addition, psychosocial factors such as family support also be a determining factor to stimulating postpartum depression. The aims of this article is to explore the factors that take a role in increased incidence of postpartum depression. Analyses were performed with a literature review to see how much these factors contribute to postpartum depression. Results from the literature review shows that maternal age, parity, socioeconomic status and educational level of the mother only has a less significant contribution to post-partum depression. Whereas social or family support factors and prenatal anxiety or psychological problems during pregnancy has a major contribution to the emergence of post-partum depression. Keyword: Factors, depression, post-partum BACKGROUND The transition period being a parent is a complex psychological process of development. Birth causes changes in the personal and the changes in family patterns. Changes in lifestyle, sleep patterns, recreation, patterns of relationships in the family and identity become characteristic of the transition period. Both parents must be able to adjust both in terms of identity, family changes and the ability to care for children. Inability adaptation during this period gave new problem called infant morbidity due to disturbances in the relationship between mother and baby. Various problems in the transition period and the impact of postpartum depression made into one of the serious psychological problems faced by new parents, especially mothers Epifanio, Genna, De Luca, Roccella, and La Grutta, 2015. Postpartum depression has a high prevalence in the community. Results of research conducted Epifianio et al 2015 showed 75 pairs new parentsin Parlemo and Trapani Italy, 20.8 of postpartum depression. Postpartum mothers experience postpartum depression cause various impact. Mothers inability to care her own baby cause bonding problems of mother and baby. Problems in the process of breastfeeding is unavoidable impact of postpartum depression. Postpartum depression will improve maternal and 745 depression, while 5.7 from a father who experience postpartum depression within the first month of birth. High rates of postpartum depression in mothers is also supported by research done on the first day postpartum at the Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Israel, showed 40.4 of 89 mothers experience in low levels have increased reactivity postpartum depression Shlomi manifestations include emotional Polachek, Huller Harari, Baum, R, 2014. While in Indonesia, a study conducted on 90 mothers in the postpartum hospital X Medan 43.3 of respondents experiencing postpartum depression Yusdiana, 2011. Some results of these studies showed high rates of postpartum depression in the community. The high prevalence of postpartum depression is influenced by many factors. Demographic factors such as age, marital status, parity, education level and economic status take a role as one of stressor that contribute to postpartum depression. In addition, psychosocial factors such as family support also be a determining factor for the emergence of postpartum tension, focus decreases, crying and upset and always afraid to do something. Manifestations of postpartum depression in a fairly heavy level include persistent sad, low self esteem, strained, decreased appetite, difficulty sleeping, feeling lonely, emotional instability, confusion, neglect of children and even the idea of suicide Epifanio et al., 2015. Postpartum depression requiring fast and precise handling, as it not only affects the health of the mother but also the babys health. Further effects of postpartum depression is the increased morbidity for mother and baby. Research conducted by Paul et al 2012 showed maternal morbidity is increased in women with postpartum depression. But the most widely morbidity depression. Perinatal depression or experienced by their babies. The anxiety is also regarded as one of the important predisposing factor for the emergence of postpartum depression. Various factors contribute to each other increase the incidence of postpartum depression Shlomi Polachek et al., 2014. AIM The aims of this article to explore the factors that take a role in the increased incidence of postpartum depression. Analyses were performed with a literature review to see how much these factors contribute to stimulated postpartum depression. LITERATURE Postpartum depression is a continuation of postpartum anxiety where mood becomes unstable that lasted 10 days until 4 weeks postpartum. Postpartum depression is a psychological problem that is quite a lot going in the community, but less disruption of breastfeeding in mothers with postpartum depression causes the baby had serious diseases such as pathological Hiperbilirubin. Postpartum depression will lower oxytocin levels that would reduce breastfeeding. Thus postpartum depression will affect the health of the mother and baby. Etiology of postpartum depression has not been identified until now, but the research on risk factors has improved a lot. Growing epidemiological studies show that postpartum depression occurs when there are specific risk factors that become a major stressor. But further study showed that postpartum depression occurs when there are several risk factors that accumulate into a stressor. The risk factors include demographic factors, psychosocial and perinatal history of depression. Demographic factors including age, parity, economic status, marital status, local traditions. Support families in particular husbands support also takes recognized by public. Postpartum the role of psychosocial factors in depression makes the new mother has not been able to take a role in caring for children after more than 10 days postpartum Basri, Zulkifli, and Abdullah, 2014. Postpartum depression 746 increasing the incidence of postpartum anxiety or depression. History of stress or anxiety during pregnancy either at the beginning or end of the trimester also increases the risk of the incidence of