THE EFFECT OF MEDITATION AND HAEMOGLOBIN LEVELS
ON LEARNING CONCENTRATION
Indah Rohmawati
1,
Oka Ludianita
2,
Dwi Putri Sixteen Erawati
3
1
Prodi DIII Nursing STIKes Hutama Abdi Husada Tulungagung
2,3
Prodi SI Nursing STIKes Hutama Abdi Husada Tulungagung Email:
rohmawatiindah2ymail.com Abstract
Producing quality graduates is the hope of all the educational institutions, for it during the course of ones physical condition must be healthy and not anemic. In addition
concentration is necessary for the student to learn the material provided can be absorbed. Good concentration is when a being in the alpha state, this can be accomplished
one of them when students are trained meditation. The research objective is to prove the effects of meditation and haemoglobin levels
on learning concentration . Analytical
research type experimental design with randomized controlled trials RCT and carried for 28 day. population Nursing student in Prodi DIII STIKes Hutama Abdi Husada
Tulungagung fourth semester amounted to 74 students, with a purposive sampling technique obtained 56 samples, the distribution of control and experimental
group trained meditation
done with Proportionate cluster random
sampling technique. Practice meditation conducted for 28 days. HB levels were measured using Cyanmethemoglobin, learning concentration to use Bourdon Wiersma test. The
technique of data analysis use independent t test. There is a statistically significant effect of meditation on the
learning concentrations, seen from a p-value of 0.000 for speed,
p 0.006 for accuracy, and p 0.000 for constancy
. There is no statistically significant effect of Haemoglobin levels on
learning concentrations, seen from the p-value of 0.933 for
speed, p 0.126 for accuracy, and p 0.670 for constancy
, this is because in this research was not found samples had higher levels of HB less than normal
Keywords: Meditation, Learning Concentration, hemoglobin levels HB
INTRODUCTION
Learning quality one can be seen from the starting measuring student achievement
through the cumulative achievement index
CPI. One can achieve the expected
achievement when in the process of learning to concentrate. Various attempts
have been made to improve student learning concentration eg improvement of
instructional media, improving the quality of lecturers as well as the improvement of
facilities and infrastructure supporting learning, but the fact still be obtained
Students who are not able to concentrate, including the Students in STIKes Hutama
Abdi Husada Tulungagung. Concentration learning is centralizing power of thoughts
and acts on an object to be examined with flush or set aside everything that has
nothing to do with the object being studied Surya, 2009. One of the tools for
measuring the concentration of learning is
Bourdon Wiersma Test,
including speed, accuracy and constancy.Categorized group
concentration measurement results using standard norm values
Wieghted Scores
WS. Rate of speed is the quality of attention that is manifested by the
cumulative number of seconds in completing the test material. The ability of
perception is to describe the precision strike group specified point. Based on the
level of vigilance recorded figures shortest and longest completion of the test, is used
as the determination of constancy completion of work
Someone who has the HB levels lower than the normal value or mangalami
anemia can mangalami thought process disorder, decreased concentration,
378
memory, intelligence and ultimately the learning achievement of children is low
Yuriastien E, Prawitasari D, Febry AB, 2009. H B is a protein that is rich in
iron. HB most important function is the transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide
Muttaqin, 2008. To determine whether a person is deprived of blood or not, can be
determined by measuring hemoglobin levels. Determination k Adar hemoglobin
can be defined in various ways, including a method t allquist, Sahli, oxyhemoglobin
method, or a method sianmethemoglobin. But there anya h 2 an acceptable method in
hemoglobinometri clinics, ie oxyhemoglobin, and
sianmethemoglobin. Limit of normal levels of HB strongly influenced by age, sex, and
height of residence from sea level Hand alter brain structure, based on analysis
of
magnetic resonance imaging
MRI research results from Sara Lazar
researchers from
Psychiatric Neuroimaging Research Program
MassachusettsGeneral Hospital
found the density of the substance of gray
gray matter
increased in the hippocampus that are important to the process learning,
memory, awareness, compassion and introspection, as well as a decrease in the
density of gray substance in the amygdala, which plays an important role in anxiety
and stress, Sukmono, 2013. The point of all this depends on the student, unable or
unwilling to control yourself to stay focused on what is being learned.
The research objective is to prove the effects of meditation and
haemoglobin
W and Haribowo USA, 2008. The normal
levels on
learning concentration
. value of hemoglobin of male
approximately 14-18 gr am dL, while women 12-16 gr am dL Asmadi,
2008. Values above can be different on each - each laboratory but not would be too
far from the value above. There is also a laboratory which does not distinguish
between men or women by men or older Hypothesis 1
there is the effect of meditation on learning concentration of , 2
there is no effect of HB levels on learning concentration
METHODS
This research analytic experimental design with random control trial RCT. do
women. in
STIKes Hutama Abdi Husada Good concentration is when a being in
the alpha state relaxed without stress is marked by the opening of 88
subconscious mind Olivia, 2007. Meditation can make our brain waves to
the alpha state Sukmono, 2013. Exercise regular meditation can help improve our
ability to change with the brain consciousness lowering the brain waves of
a beta, alpha, theta to delta Mustajib, 2010. M anfaat meditation among
others improve confidence and self- control, m Enhancing the ability to focus
the mind, sera can m engeluarkan hormone
endorphin
Rodenbeck,
2007. E ndorphins
can be generated when the condition of the wave g o
no
Brainwave
are in phase between
alpha and theta. Endorphins
not only makes feeling refreshed and
energized.
Endorphin
substances can also improve concentration and memory
Tulungagung Jl. Dr. Wahidin Sudiro Husodo Tulungagung. population in this
research is Student of diploma III Nursing STIKes Tulungagung III level II semester
of academic year 20132014 which amounted to 74 students. Samples partly
Student of diploma III Nursing level II, III semester of 20132014 academic year who
meet the inclusion criteria, namely the status of active students, willing to become
respondents, as well as the exclusion criteria are sick more than 1
week. Samples numbered 56 students.
Meditation is done for 28 days was conducted from May 31 s d July 2, 2014,
primary data collection HB levels and learning concentration was made on July
3, 2014 obtained through examination of the levels of HB and assessment of
learning concentration, both in the control group not trained in meditation and the
treatment group trained meditation. The
Mustajib, 2010. Rehearsal meditation level of HB manner
using a within a period of 8 weeks was found to
spectrophotometer Cyanmethemoglobin 379
collaboration with the laboratory Enggal Saras Tulungagung, while learning
concentration was measured using an instrument Bourdon Wiersma test. Data
analysis techniques, the characteristics of the sample data continuous are described
in n, mean, SD, minimum and maximum. Katagorikal data sample data
characteristics are described in n and percentage . To determine 2 sample
unpaired have average values different statistically tested with independent t test
RESULT
A description of the characteristics of the respondents using univariate
analysis. The univariate analysis aims to determine the number and percentage of
respondent characteristics. Here are the data about the characteristics of
respondents who became research subjects
Table. 1 Characteristics of Respondents Research Gender
Man Female
amount
HB levels ≥ 18 g dL
12- 18 g dL Number n
18 38
56
Number n 6
50 Percentage
32.1 67.9
100
Percentage 10.7
89.3
Based on Table. 1 it is known that 38 67.9 of the respondents are female,
meaning that many study subjects were female. Judging from the level of HB
89.3 of the study subjects had higher levels of HB 12 to 18 g dL.
Description of the research variable data to the data katagorikal
continuous data analysis presented in the form of minimum, maximum, mean and
standard deviation. Presentation data variable research Data c
ontinuous This aims to determine the average scores HB levels and learning
concentration compared with a maximum score of assessment, as follows:
didiskripikan in n and percentage , for Table. 2 Description of the variable data research HB levels, the concentration of study
and meditation status N
Minimum Maximum Mean SD HB levels meditation group
Speed meditation group Accuracy meditation group
Constancy meditation group HB levels of the control group
Speed control group Accuracy control group
Constancy control group
Speed group HB levels normal Accuracy group HB levels normal
Constancy group HB levels normal Speed group HB levels above normal
Accuracy group HB levels above normal Constancy group HB levels above
28 28
28 28
28 28
28 28
50 50
50 6
6 6
13.2 3.9
0.1 13.5
6 1.4
3.9 0.1
6.4 0.2
18.6 12
15 8
19.6 14
20 15.5
14 20
15.5 12
4 9.2
15.9 8.9
2.4 1.4
15.9 11.4
5.7 5.8
10.1 4.4
3.6 10.2
1.3 3
1.60 2.44
3.30 1.71
1.70 1.98
5.10 3.75
2.59 4.71
3.68 1.98
1.51 3.44
normal Valid N
listwise
56
380
Granting the status of Meditation Not Meditation
Meditation amount
n 28
28 56
50 50
100
Table 2 shows that the participants on the assessment of the levels of HB score the
average and maximum values The same group receive an average score and the
maximum value is better when compared with the control group. Judging from the
good level of HB control group as well as
status of meditation partially
of the levels of HB treatment groups.
As for the concentration of study in the treatment
respondents do meditation as many as 28 respondents 50
Table. 3 Independent T Test results about different of learning concentration between
groups of not meditation and meditation Concentration
speed Group
Not meditation n
28 Mean
11.4 SD
1.98 t
4,10 p
0,000 Meditation
28 8.9
2.44 Accuracy
Not meditation 28
5.7 5.10
2,86 0,006
Meditation 28
2.4 3.30
constancy Not meditation
28 5.8
3.75 5.61
0,000 Meditation
28 1.4
1.70 Table 3 shows that there is a mean learning
concentration difference between the 2 groups of student, mean differ significantly
accuracy and value of p 0,000 for constancy
. Thus the p-value is smaller than the value of α 5 or 0.05 means that
because better for the group
there is effects
meditation with learning meditation. Judging from the p value of 0,
concentration. 000 for speed,
value of p 0.006 for the Table 4
Independent T Test results about different of learning concentration between the
study group with HB levels 18.1 and HB levels 18.1 Concentration
Speed Group
HB 18.1 n
6 Mean
10.2 SD
1.98 t
0.08 p
0.933 HB 18.1
50 10.1
2.59 Accuracy
HB 18.1 6
1.3 1.51
-1.55 0.126
HB 18.1 50
4.4 4.71
Constancy HB 18.1
6 3
3.44 -0.43
0.670 HB 18.1
50 3.6
3.68 Table 4 shows that the mean difference the
concentration of learning between the two groups, the mean was not significantly
different. Judging from the p-value 0.933 for speed, the p-value 0.126 for
accuracy ,
and the p-value 0.670 for constancy thus the p-
value is bigger than the value of α 5 or 0.05 means that there no effect of
HB levels with a learning
concentration
DISCUSSION The effects of meditation on learning
concentrations Concentration learning is centralizing
power of thoughts and acts on an object to be examined with flush or set aside
everything that has nothing to do with the object being studied, Surya, 2009. This
concentration can be developed through
practice, Hakim 2004. For example, through the practice of
379
meditation. Meditation is a conscious sufficient treatment group means faster and
process to focus a lot of attention to the better in
completing the course Suryani, 2006
Meditation done right means not just sit still and thoughts still wander anywhere
will be able to generate positive effects such as increased concentrations of
learning. To so do your meditation correctly needs to be done regularly
practice meditation. In this study, the treatment group doing the meditation
exercise for 28 days with a long time of 30 minutes a day in STIKes Hutama Abdi
Husada Tulungagung. With the practice of meditation on a regular basis, it is expected
the students have
become accustomed meditative under any circumstances,
including in the learning process or while working on a questionnaire
Bourdon Wiersma test. This is in line with the opinions Ada 2013 that the
benefits of meditation is the harmony of mind, which is not cleaved by
the ghost of the past and worries about the
future. Students who are already doing the meditation exercise while working
on a questionnaire Bourdon Wiersma test students
attention is concentrated on what is being done, and stop trying to do
several things simultaneously ignoring the various factors that do not favor, for
example, the noise from the atmosphere outside the classroom, the number of tasks
from other academic subjects which must be resolved, and others. Their minds
remain concentrated on what is happening at the moment, they are doing today is
working on a questionnaire
Bourdon Wiersma Test
and not think about what had questionnaire
Bourdon Wiersma Test
compared with the control group. Judging from the treatment group had a mean
accuracy of 2.4 included in the criteria
good enough
and the control group had a mean of 5.7 is included in sufficient
criteria, which means a more
accurately
treatment groups, fewer mistakes in cross out or does not answer the
questionnaire
Bourdon Wiersma Test
when compared with the control group. Judging
from the mean value constancy treatment group had a mean of 1.4 included in good
criteria and a control group that has a mean of 5.7 is included in sufficient criteria,
which means the treatment group had a better constancy in work on the problems
when compared with the control group.
All of these conditions can be achieved if the student is able to control
and calm the mind and emotions. So according to researchers meditation is not
just sitting still for practice concentration, but more important is the control of our
thoughts and emotions in all situations. That is meditation just as the
means to achieve a meditative tranquility. This is in accordance with the
opinion of Krishna 2003 that meditation is a way of life which is the basis of life for
a person to become meditative. When it has reached the level of meditative, we like
having the on off button in terms of emotion. In this case for example when
working on a questionnaire Student
Test Bourdon Wiersma,
Students who do meditation
will be able to control his emotions so much faster in the work on the
happened either failure which can lead to problems, more constant
and more depression or feeling useless and success
that can lead to a sense of fun that excessive and taste arrogant, and not
thinking about whats coming, which made them anxious, fear and stress, what matters
is currently done with the best. It can be shown from the average value listed in
Table 2 that the value of the average speed of 8.9 seconds treatment groups included
in good criteria, while the control group 11, 4 seconds is included in the criteria of
accurate. Based on Table 3 obtained the data
that the p-value of 0.000 for the speed, p 0.006 for accuracy, p 0.000 for
constancy. Thus the p-value is smaller than the value of α 5 or 0.05 means there
studying the effects of meditation with concentration. According to researcher
Sara Lazar of
Psychiatric Neuroimaging Research Program at Massachusetts
General Hospital
of the results of research
379
mentioned
that the practice of meditation within a period of 8 weeks was found to
alter brain structure, based on analysis of
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
MRI find the density of the substance of
gray
gray matter
increased in the hippocampus is important for learning,
memory, awareness, compassion and introspection, as well as a decrease in the
density of the substance of gray in the amygdala, which plays an important role in
anxiety and stress Sukmono 2011 . Results of research at
North Western University
also proved that when someone is learning something, the brain reward
themselves by producing endorphins. In other words, learning and memory, will be
easier to do if there are quite a lot of endorphins in our brain, a condition that
can occur when the brain is at the right waves Mustajib, 2010
In line with the opinion attributed to Students who are already doing the
meditation exercise can focus or concentrate on what he was doing
compared to students who do not do meditation for 28 days, in addition to the
student who has been doing the meditation exercise may not experience anxiety and
stress and have fun juice that makes them relax.
The effects of HB level
on learning concentrations
Physical health, healthy condition and fit for example no
deficiencies
of HB levels anemia affect the concentration of
ones learning. HB carries oxygen to all body tissues, then decreasing levels of HB
will result in decreased oxygen levels, including to the brain.
Oxygen deficiency
is certainly going to affect the amount of energy
produced
energy being a
little
, and the need for energy to be able to
the results of research, learning
concentrate decreased. According Astawan concentration of students in the treatment
group is better when compared with the control group it can be caused because by
giving the meditation practice, although only 28 days using
music
alpha meditation,
when doing questionnaire
Bourdon Wiersma Test,
students can organize brain waves in the alpha state, because according
Sukmono 2011 meditation is one way to regulate brain wave patterns, meditation
can make our brain waves to the alpha state. In this study, researchers did not see
directly how a brain wave conditions while working on a questionnaire
Students
Bourdon WiersmaTest.
Researchers only observe the effects of the alpha brain waves. If the
student is able to make his brain waves in a state of alfa, the endorphins will be
released. According Rodenbeck 2007 one of the benefits of meditation is to produce
endorphins, further Sukmono 2011 explains that the hormone endorphin will
be issued when our brainwaves in the alpha state. Mustajib 2010 also mentions
that endorphin substances can also improve concentration and memory. That
is why at the moment working on questionnaires Bourdon Wiersma test
2008 that one of the effects of anemia is
that it can decreases the ability of to concentrate
Based on the table 1 in getting the data that 50 respondents 89.3 of the 56
respondents had higher levels of normal HB and 6 10.7 had levels above normal
HB. Based on Table 4 obtained the data that different from the mean concentration
of learning, to speed and constancy mean did not differ significantly better in the
group with high levels of HB normal or groups that had higher levels of HB above
normal, but for accuracy mean significantly different, because it more
closely to the group which has HB levels above normal with a mean value of 1.3 is
smaller when compared with the group who had higher levels of normal
HB. Judging from the p value of 0.933 for the speed, p 0.126 for accuracy and p
0.670 for constancy thus the p-value is
bigger than the value of α 5 or 0.05 means that there is no effect HB levels on
the learning concentration
Associated with the above theory, basically the result of this study are
consistent with above theory even though the levels of HB proved not to have
380
significant effect with the learning
found samples had levels HB less than concentrations, but still supports the theory
above, it is in because the results of the study are not found respondents who had
higher levels of HB below normal 11 g dL were included in the criteria of anemia
normal
REFERENCES
Ada, M., 2013. The time for silence, peace, and healing. [Online] Available at:
that can decrease the learning
http:www.baliusada.comindex.p concentrations. So since this study only
groups with higher levels of normal and above normal HB and did not have HB
respondents who had levels below the normal functioning as a comparison that
can not prove that the HB levels has an effect on learning concentrations.
In addition to not finding respondents who had higher levels of HB below
normal, to support research that the levels of HB does not affect the learning
concentrations, also the discovery of the mean levels of HB were similar between
the treatment group and the control group, this can be evidenced in Table 1 that the
level of HB between the treatment groups and the control group had the same mean is
15.9 g dL, whereas the concentration of learning both the speed, accuracy and
constancy has a mean and maximum score better in the treatment group compared
with the control group. If levels of HB proved either directly with the learning
concentration, this is because there are other factors that lead to increased learning
concentration and in this study is meditation. meaning that although between
the treatment group and the control group had a mean level of HB same, but because
of the treatment group was given meditation exercise for 28 days so that an
increase of the concentration of learning
CONCLUSIONS a. There is a statistically significant effect
meditation on the learning concentration, Viewed from a p-value
of 0.000 for speed, for accuracy` p 0.006 and p 0.000 for constancy
b. There is statistically significant no effect HB levels on the learning
concentration Viewed from a p-value of 0.933 for the speed, p 0.126 for
accuracy and p 0.670 for the constancy, hp?option=com_contenttask=vie
wid=141Itemid=46 [Accessed
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Nursing: Concepts and Applications Basic Needs Client.
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Astawan, M., 2008. Efficacy Colorful food. Jakarta: Gramedia Pustaka
Utama. Hakim, T., 2004. Effective Learning.
Jakarta: Puspa Swara. Handayani W dan Haribowo A.S, 2008.
Textbook Nursing with Hematologi.Jakarta System
Disorders: Salemba Medika.
Mustajib, A., 2010. The Secret Powerful Brain Therapy. Semarang: Wahyu
Media. Muttaqin, A., 2008. Textbook Nursing
with Respiratory System Disorders. Jakarta: Salemba
Medika.
Olivia, F., 2007. Helping Children Have Memories Super. Jakarta: Elex
Media Computindo. Rodenbeck, C. 2007. Meditation series
Guidelines To Be Healthy For Busy People. Batam: Karisma
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Scandinavia, C. R., 2004. Cognitiv Scanner Function, Function and
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http:www.crs.dkfunction.html .
[Accessed May 26, 2014]. Sukmono, RJ, 2011. Boosting Intelligence
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this is because in this study was not
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Solar, H., 2009, into a human learner. Jakarta: Elex Media Komputendo.
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382
MANAGEMENT OF HYPERURICEMIA WITH ERGONOMIC EXERCISE
Anita Rahmawati
.
Program Studi Pendidikan Profesi Ners, Stikes Patria Husada Blitar tata_zic18yahoo.co.id
ABSTRACT
Hyperuricemia has been increased because of the lifestyle change. Hyperuricemic metabolism will produce highly purine rate called uric acid. Exercise will reduce that
highly purine rate. Ergonomic gym exercise will also reduce blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, and will give comfortable of sleep.
The purpose of this research was to learn the significance between ergonomic exercise and uric acid rate on client with hyperurisemic.
The study was pre experiment with One Group Pretest Posttest design. The sample was hyperuricemia elderly client in posyandu lansia which fulfill the inclusion
criteria. The respondents ergonomic exercise in every day for two weeks and uric acid rate was measured before and after research. The data was served in the frequency-
distribution table and analysed with normality test using Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Paired Sample T-
test with significancy α ≤ 0,05. The results shown that the urid acid level was decrease uric acid mean and
standart deviation for pretest 7,06 ± 0,85 and post test 3,94±1,84. Paired sample T-test analysis found different significant value p=0,000. Ergonomic exercise can be one of
intervention to decrease uric acid rate for hiperuricemia.
Key word: hyperuricemia, ergonomic excecise, urid acid level, elderly Introduction
Uric acid had been known since two-thousand years ago and be well
known as one of the oldest disease. In order to human time life improvement,
the incidence of the disease is getting increased because of bad life style,
include uncontrolled eating pattern. Uric acid is a crystal-shaped that become the
end of purine metabolism derivative from nukleoprotein, so uric acid is the
latest product of purine metabolism which usually cannot tolerate highly.
Everyone have uric acid in their body because in every normal metabolism
process always produce uric acid. In the other hand, highly uric acid rate coming
from many triggers like food or everything in which contain purine.
Fortunately, our body contribute about eighty-five percent purine derivatives
for daily need. It means that purine demand from food only about fifthteen
percent Hesen, 2009.
Hyperurisemic incident all over the world is nominally vary, estimated
incident between 0,16-1,36. In USA the prevalence number of client with
asymptomatic hyperurisemic from general population is about 2-13. In
the hyperurisemic study on the hospital there are higher prevalence between
17-28 because of disease and drug influent. In Indonesia, hyperurisemic
prevalence is about 24,3 on male and about 11,7 on female Indriawan,
2009.
Many people in Indonesia that life with hyperuricemia doesn`t aware their
condition except their symptoms lead to be severe. Uric acid could be relieved in
the way to make the rate normally with control of the consumption of meal and
prevent the food with higher purine rate. In addition, neither drinking water nor
exercise could be useful to increase the circulation so that can excrete excessive
purine in our body. One of the exercises that useful for hyperurisemic client is
the ergonomic gym exercise. In some places there are many ergonomic gym
between 2,3-17,6 while gout
385 exercise groups, e.g. MASUSEI
Yayasan Masyarakat Suka Senam Ergonomik, East Bekasi Gym Groups,
and many more, which a large number of their member had given the testimony
that stated if the gym exercise could be useful to control many diseases like
migraine, vertigo, gout, and diabetes mellitus. Ergonomic gym exercise is not
the same as yoga or other fitness that are more complex. Actually, the exercise
movement use general movement from Method
The study was pre experiment with One Group Pretest Posttest design. The
sample was hyperuricemia elderly client in posyandu lansia which fulfil the
inclusion criteria. Respondents act in every day ergonomic exercise for two
weeks and uric acid rate was measured before and after research with easy-
touch GCU. The sample were taken based on inclusion criteria: first stage
our daily activities and every person hyperurisemia
hyperurisemia client would be able to do this exercise. Even
this exercise is used by everyone, there is no pain either during exercise activity
or after exercise is finished. Because hyperurisemic client is susceptible with
pain on their joint so the exercise must have simple and no tiring movement.
which was not followed with symptom like continues severe pain, arthritis,
tofitofus and able to do ergonomic exercise. Exclusion criteria was
respondents who did not do routine ergonomic exercise.
Ergonomic exercise process in this The important thing is continuity and
research base on instrument SOP
consistency on doing this exercise Khairumi, 2012.
Standar Operasional Prosedur had created by researcher base on
General purpose in this research was ergonomic exercise by
Wratsongko to learn the effectiveness of ergonomic
exercise toward uric acid rate on hyperurisemic client and the specific
purpose was to measure uric acid rate on hyperurisemic client before ergonomic
exercise, to measure uric acid rate on hyperurisemic client after ergonomic
2009. While in ergonomic exercise process, the researcher was helped by
two enumerator for observed respondent exercise movement by observational
sheet. The data was served in the frequency-distribution table and has
analysed with normality test using
exercise and to analyse the effectiveness Kolmogorov-Smirnov
and Paired of ergonomic exercise toward uric acid
rate on hyperurisemic client. .
RESULT
Sample T- test with significancy α ≤
0,05.
Tabel 1
The Frequency Distribution of responden based on age, sex, job, education, purine dietary and BMI
F No description
frequency percentage 1.
2. 3.
4.
5. Age : 45 - 59 years old
60 - 74 years old 75 - 90 years old
Sex: Male Female
Job: Housewife Had rest
private Educational: Junior High School
Senior High School University
Purine Dietary: Intermediate 1
14 1
7 9
3
11 2
10 4
2 9
6,2 87,6
6,2 43,7
56,3 18,8
68,7 12,5
62,5 25,0
12,5
56,3
386
High 7
43,7 6.
BMI Thin 1
6,2
Total
Normal Fat
12 3
16
75,0 18,8
100
Tabel.2
The average level of uric acid in Hyperuricemia client before and after Ergonomic Exercise
Uric acid level
Mean Std. Deviation
Before exercise After 2 week exercise
paired sample T-test
DISCUSSION 7,06
3,94 0,000
0,85 1,84
Uric Acid Level on Hyperuricemia Client Before Ergonomic Exercise
The mean of uric acid level for Respondent before had done ergonomic
exercise 7,06 mgdl. The majority of respondent had intermediate purine
dietary 56,3 . This condition was the same as experimental result which
had done by Setyoningsih and Darmono 2009 in RSUP Dr.Kariadi Semarang
that shown if purine intake was the predominant risk factor for
hyperuricemia. research majority found on normal BMI.
Based on the research done by Choi et al., in Pramudya 2009 found that
between dietary factor and gout risk factor were not depend on Body Mass
Index BMI. This was strengthen by research in Sokaraja, Banyumas where
found if there were no correlation between uric acid level and BMI
Kumalasari, 2009. Uric Acid Level on Hyperuricemia
Client After Ergonomic Exercise
After sixteenth respondent had In this research
Male more done ergonomic exercise routinely for
susceptible than female, but in female two weeks, uric acid level decrease
hyperuricemia incident would be higher from 7,06 mgdl
to 3,94 mgdl. after menopause because estrogen help
uric acid to be excreted before menopause. Uric acid disease more
frequent in erderly and less in people before 60 year age Kertia, 2009. Sex
distribution of hyperuricemia client in experimental group slightly increase on
female and majority of them have uric acid level higher than male respondent.
The effect of elderly age and menopause was considered as the cause of why uric
Hyperuricemia was a condition where uric acid level in the blood higher more
than normal male about 3,5 - 7 mgdL, female about 2,6 - 6 mgdL so uric
acid would be accumulated in body tissues formed crystal on joint Sari,
2010.
Almost all of the experimental group respondent who are firstly
hiperuricemia then to be normal after ergonomic exercise routinely for two
acid level on female respondent weeks but there were
one of relatively higher than male. There were
correlation between uric acid level with menopause and water consumption
Fajarina, 2011
Body mass index BMI was one of the measurement of nutrition status. The
result of BMI respondent in this
386 experimental group respondent have
increase in uric acid level. From the process ergonomic exercise
observation, this respondent always stopped her movement while in sit
movement because unable to retain pain and heat. In hyperuricemia client or
food intoxication will fell like burnout Sagiran, 2009.
Conclusion 1. The average uric acid level
hyperuricemia client before
Influence Ergonomic Exercise Toward Uric Acid Level on
ergonomic exercise was 7,06 mgdl. 2. The average uric acid level
Hyperuricemia Client hyperuricemia client
after Based on
paired sample t-test
p= 0,000 shown that there were significant
different uric acid level between before and after ergonomic exercise.
According to Wratsongko from Indonesian Ergonomic Gym Health
Care, purpose of doing ergonomic exercise was a part of prevention and
rehabilitation from every disease.
There are five principal movements in this ergonomic exercise that had
benefit in each of the movement. In first movement, stand upright with straight
vision make the body relax, two arms twist backwards maximally to
optimalize nerve function on pleksus brakialis in stimulate nervus system on
lungs, hearts, hepar, stomach, and intestines so that metabolism would be
optimal too. Those movements were followed by stand on tiptoes to increase
stimuli sensory nervous system and to increase uric acid excretion flow in
where that uric acid accumulated more on tiptoes joint. The second movements
were bend our body frontward with our hand hold on foot ankle to our back
joint, elbow, thigh and knee until feeling drawled or pulled. This step could bent
ligament and muscle on the joint and increase blood circulation so the uric
acid flow that accumulated on joint could fast too. The third movements
were to help the optimally from renal function in uric acid excretion. In the
fourth movements two hands grasp foot ankle to give relaxation effect on
sympathetic nerve system so that relaxation of the circulation wall would
be happening. The fifth movements were the most important movement in
reduce uric acid level because those could burn uric acid, fat, and toxin in
our body, strengthen low back area and renal function Isran, 2012.
386 ergonomic exercise was 3,94 mgdl,
3. There were an effect of ergonomic
exercise toward uric acid level hyperuricemia client. Based on
paired sample t-test
shown p value p= 0,000
Acknowledgement
This study had no control group and so can not be clear whether the reduction
in the level of uric acid caused by ergonomic exercise or by other factors.
Various confounding factors that may reduce the uric acid level was not
investigated in this study.
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387
PSYCHOEDUCATIVE F AMILY THERAPY
UNTUK MENINGKATKAN SIKAP KELUARGA TERHADAP PASIEN TB PARU
Psychoeducational Family Therapy To Improve Family Attitudes Towards Pulmonary TB Patients
Bisepta Prayogi
STIKes Patria Husada Blitar Email:
bisepta87gmail.com
ABSTRACT
TuberculosisTB remains a major global health problem. This leads to poor health among millions of people every year and is now ranked second leading cause of death from infectious disease
world wide, after the Human Immunodeficiency Virus HIV. The objective of this study was to analyze the effectivenes of family therapy psycoeducative to
to improve family attitudes
of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. This study used quasy experiment pre-post test control group
design. Total sample was 32 respondents taken using purposive sampling, the sample divided into experiment and control group. The data were analyzed by Paired T Test, and Independent T Test,
with significance value of 0.05. Paired T Test analysis showed that psychoeducative family therapy had effect on increasing family attitude of towards pulmonary TB patients p =0,000.
Psychoeducative family therapy improved family attitudes.
Keywords: psychoeducative family therapy, attitudes of family,
Pulmonary TB Patients
__________________________________________________________________________ INTRODUCTION
Tuberculosis TB remains a global health problem. The most recent estimate that
there are 8.6 million new TB cases in the world in 2012 and 1.3 million deaths from
TB just under 1.0 million among HIV- negative people and 0.3 million deaths
associated with HIV-TB. Most of these TB cases and deaths occur among men. In 2012,
there were an estimated 2.9 million TB cases and 410,000 deaths among women, as well as
prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis in Indonesia 730,000 cases or 297 cases per
100,000 population. According to WHO tendency of new cases of pulmonary TB in
Indonesia increased that in 2000 there were 430,000 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis and
in 2012 there were 460,000 new cases WHO, 2013.
TB eradication in Indonesia has been implemented since 1969 through the National
Program Tuberculosis Eradication Program P2TB by the Ministry of Health, and since
the estimated 530,000 cases of dan74.000 1995 further intensified
by means of death in children. The actual number of TB
treatment strategies using Directly Observed deaths could be reduced given that most
Treatment Short
course DOTS
could be prevented if people can use health recommended by WHO. But in reality after
services for diagnosis and appropriate running 9-10 years of DOTS, treatment
treatment. The program
of short-term success rate has yet to reach the target set by
treatment of first-line drugs available and can cure about 90 of cases for decades WHO,
2013. Indonesia take on fourth place in the
world for the number of TB cases after India, China, and South Africa. In 2012 there were
460,000 new cases of TB in Indonesia or 185 per 100,000 population. There are about
67,000 deaths from pulmonary tuberculosis or 27 people per 100,000 population. The
392
the Ministry of Health is able to cure 85 of TB patients with Acid Resistant Bacteria
BTA + were treated. From global surveillance results have been reported TB
germ resistance against Anti-Tuberculosis Drugs OAT in patients with TB for one
type of OAT DR-TB Drug Resistant-TB by 12.6 and for more than 2 types of OAT
MDR TB, Multi-Drug Resistant TB of 2.2 Depkes, 2002.
