AN ANALYSIS... Hastuti Handayani Mater’s Program in Linguistics, Diponegoro University
©2009, UNDIP Institutional Repository
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD
This chapter consists of the explanation of the type of research, time and place of the research, research variable, population and sample, technique of collecting
data, method of analyzing data, research instrument, and the result of the study. .
A. The Type of Research
Research can be described as a systematic and organized effort to investigate a specific problem that needs a solution. It is a series of steps designed and
followed, with the goal of finding answers to the issues that are of concern to us in the work environment Sekaran, 1992:4.
Tuckman 1978:1 defines “Research is a systematic attempt to provide
answers to questions .”
According to Borg in Cohen et.al 2007:7 research is a combination of both experience and reasoning and must be regarded as the most successful approach to
the discovery of truth, particularly as far as the natural science are concerned. The type of this research is qualitative descriptive research. Descriptive
research means to describe systematically a situation or area of interest factually and accurately Isaac et.al,1987:42, while qualitative means nothing is dealt with
numbers Hadi .S, 2004 Based on the definition of descriptive above, it can be said that this research
is descriptive, because it describes systematically the UAN and the KTSP
AN ANALYSIS... Hastuti Handayani Mater’s Program in Linguistics, Diponegoro University
©2009, UNDIP Institutional Repository
factually and accurately. Based on the definition of Content Analysis as mentioned in chapter 2, it is also Content Analysis because it takes the content of
KTSP to be inherent in the texts of UAN.
B. Time and Place of the Research
This research started in April 2008 until December 2008. Firstly, the English UAN material of 20062007 were taken from SMP Maria Goretti Semarang in
April 2008 as the main data. The English UAN material of 20072008 were taken in the end of May 2008 after the UAN was finished, and then the supporting data
were taken from 24 Junior High Schools in Semarang in November until December 2008.
C. Research Variable
Variable is an attribute of a person or an object.
1. Independent and Dependent Variable
Tuckman 1978:58-59 defines “Independent variable is that factor which
is measured, manipulated, or selected by the experimenter to determine its relationship to an observed phenomenon. Dependent variable is the factor
which is observed and measured to determine the effect of the Independent variable”.
The Independent variable in this research is the English Syllabus for Junior High School in Semarang. The dependent variable is the English UAN
for Junior High School 20062007 and 20072008
AN ANALYSIS... Hastuti Handayani Mater’s Program in Linguistics, Diponegoro University
©2009, UNDIP Institutional Repository
2. Operational definition of Variable
An Operational definition is a definition based on the observable characteristics of that which is being defined Tuckman, 1978:79
The operational definition of the English Syllabus for Junior High School in Semarang the Independent variable :
Syllabus is learning plan on one or group of lesson certain theme which covers Competence Standard, Basic Competence, main material
of learning, learning activities, indicator, assessment, time allocation and source material tool of learning. Syllabus is spelling out of the
Competence Standard and the Basic Competence into main materiallearning, learning activities, and the indicator of competence
achievement for assessment. BSNP 2006:1751
The operational definition of the English UAN for Junior High School 20062007 and 20072008 the dependent variable :
It is one of the evaluation instruments to see the achievement of the student’s competencies held by Indonesian Government through The
Education National Standard Board Badan National Standard Pendidikan or BSNP . It is also an instrument to measure the level of
education’s aim achievement. The indicators of the achievement of the objective stated in KTSP can be seen from the result of The National
Final Examination
http:riyanafirly.wordpress.com20061125ktsp-terbuka-untuk-mulok
D. Population and Sample
Population refers to the entire group of people, events or things of interest that the researcher wish to investigate. A sample is a subset of the population
Sekaran,1992:225-226. In this research, the population is all English National
Written Final Examination for Junior High School since KTSP was firstly
AN ANALYSIS... Hastuti Handayani Mater’s Program in Linguistics, Diponegoro University
©2009, UNDIP Institutional Repository
applied until this research finished The English UAN of 20062007 and
20072008 . They are also taken as samples
The data of this research are also the materials of English UAN for Junior High School 20062007 and 20072008, and they are also the object of this
research. The units of analysis of this research are sentences and texts.
E. Technique of collecting Data
