Translating Paratactic Complex Mixed Locution Head 1 Pattern 1: “{[1 =β] x[xxγ 4 5 =6]}
423
6.4 Translating Paratactic Complex Mixed Locution Head 1 Pattern 1: “{[1 =β] x[xxγ 4 5 =6]}
The result of the translation process on the projected locution with a commentary elaboration head mixed, causal enhancement, causal enhancement
with the pattern” {[1 =β] x[xxγ 4 5 =6]} based on the Bottom-up translation approach indicates that there is a translation equivalence both on the level of the
lexico-grammatical aspects and on the level of the clause logical functions between the ST and TT.
Data: 179 05:07
Clause: 1sahat solu =2sahat tu bontean, x3nungga sahat sadarion 4hamuna mamungka
keluarga naimbaru, 5sahat ma hamuna horas =6jala gabean 1the canoe arrives =2it arrives at the harbor +3it becomes true today 4you begin
a new family 5may you be healthy =6and may you have descendents Clause 1:
sahat solu head: 1 as an independent clause
On the level of the clause lexico-grammatical aspects, the translation process above indicates that it begins from the translation of the verb “sahat” as a
material process into the verb “arrives” as an equivalent material process to the
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424 translation of the noun “solu” as an actor into the noun phrase “the canoe” as an
equivalent actor. On the level of clause logical function, the translation process indicates that an independent clause “1sahat solu” as an elaborated expansion is
translated into an independent clause “1the canoe arrives” as an elaborated expansion in a locution.
Clause 2: sahat tu bontean modifier: =2 as an independent restatement elaboration clause
On the level of the clause lexico-grammatical aspects, the translation process above indicates that it begins from the translation of the verb “sahat” as a
material process into the verb “arrives” as an equivalent material process to the translation of the prepositional phrase “tu bontean” as a spatial circumstance into
the prepositional phrase “at the harbor” as an equivalent spatial circumstance. On the level of clause logical function, the translation process indicates that an
independent clause “=βsahat tu bontean” as a elaboration expansion restating 1 is translated into an independent clause “=βit arrives at the harbor” as an equivalent
elaboration expansion restating 1. Clause 3:
nungga sahat sadarion modifier: x3 as an independent temporal enhancement clause
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425
On the level of the clause lexico-grammatical aspects, the translation process above indicates that it departs from the translation of verb “become” as
the relational process into the verb “becomes” as the relational process accompanied with a pronoun “it” as a carrier, after that to the translation of the
adjective “sahat” as an attribute into the adjective “true” as an equivalent attribute, and arrives at the translation of the noun phrase “sadari on” as a temporal
circumstance into the adverb “today” as an equivalent temporal circumstance. On the level of clause logical function, the translation process indicates that an
independent clause “xγnungga sahat sadarion” as a expansion enhancing 4 temporarily is translated into an independent clause “xγit becomes true today” as
an equivalent expansion enhancing 4 temporarily. Clause 4:
hamuna mamungka keluarga naimbaru modifier: =4 as an independent causal enhancement clause
On the level of the clause lexico-grammatical aspects, the translation
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426 process above indicates that it departs from the translation of the verb
“mamungka” as a material process into the verb “begin” as an equivalent material process, after that to the translation of the pronoun “hamuna” as an actor into the
pronoun “you” as an equivalent actor, and arrives at the translation of the noun phrase “keluarga naimbaru” as a goal into the noun phrase “a new family” as an
equivalent goal. On the level of clause logical function, the translation process indicates that an independent clause “4hamuna mamungka keluarga naimbaru” as
a expansion enhanced temporarily by x3 and enhancing 5 causally is translated into an independent clause “4you begin a new family” as an equivalent expansion
enhanched temporarily by x3 and enhancing 5 causally. Clause 5:
sahat ma hamu na horas modifier: 5 as an independent clause
On the level of the clause lexico-grammatical aspects, the translation process above indicates that it departs from the translation of the verb “sahat” as a
relational process into the verb be “may be” as an equivalent relational process, after that to the translation of the pronoun “hamu” as a carrier into the pronoun
“hamu” as an equivalent carrier, and arrives at the translation of the adjective “horas” as an attribute into the adjective “healthy” as an equivalent attribute. On
the level of clause logical function, the translation process indicates that an
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427 independent clause “5 sahat ma hamu na horas” as a expansion enhanced by γ and
4 causally and extended by 5 is translated into an independent clause “5 may you
be healthy” as an equivalent expansion enhanced by γ and 4 causally and extended by 5.
Clause 6: jala gabean modifier: 6 as an independent extension “and”
On the level of the clause lexico-grammatical aspects, the translation process above
indicates that it departs from the translation of the verb “an” as a relational process into the verb “have” as an equivalent relational process
accompanied with a relevant pronoun “you” as the carrier, after that to the translation of the noun “gabe” as an attribute into the noun “decedent” as an
equivalent attribute , and arrives at the translation of the word “jala” as a connector into the word “and” as an equivalent connector. On the level of clause
logical function, the translation process indicates that an independent clause “=6jala gabean” as a expansion extending 5 and enhanced causally by xγ and 4 is
translated into an independent clause “6 and may you have descendents” as an equivalent expansion extending 5 and enhanced causally by x3 and 4.
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428
2 Pattern β: [ “α1] “[αβ + αγ x α4 + α5]
The result of the translation process on the hypotactic projecting clause with the extension and causal enhancement projected clause with the pattern
“α1 “[αβ + αγ x α4 + α5] based on the Bottom-up translation approach indicates that there is a translation equivalence both on the level of the lexico-
grammatical aspects and on the level of the clause logical functions between the ST and TT.
Data: 126 14:09
Clause: [ jadi songon nadidok ni hata ni umpasama “α1dohonon nuaeng ate amang
boru], “[αβtingko inggir-inggir, αγbulung nai rata-rata, xα4sai anggiat ma tujolan ni ari on mangasi, + α5manumpak amanta namartua Debata]
[ as the maxim says α1I say] “[αβthe tomatoe is oval +αγ its leaf is green x4α may the next days be beautiful +α5may God our father bless us]
Clause 1: jadi songon nadidok ni hata ni umpasama dohonon nuaeng ate amang boru
modifier: 1 as an independent projecting clause jadi songon nadidok ni hata ni umpasama
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429 On the level of the clause lexico-grammatical aspects, the translation
process above indicates that it departs from the translation of the verb “nidok” as a verbal process into the verb “says” as an equivalent verbal process, after that to
the translation of the noun p hrase “hata ni umpasa” as an equivalent sayer into the
noun phrase “the maxim” as an equivalent sayer, and arrives at the translation of the word “songon” as a conjunction into the word “as” as an equivalent
conjunction. On the level of clause logical function, the translation process indicates that an independent clause “ jadi songon nadidok ni hata ni umpasa” as
a manner expansion enhancing “α1in a group of projecting clauses is translated into an independent clause “as the maxim says” as an equivalent manner
expansion enhancing “α1 in a group of projecting clauses. Clause 2:
dohonon nuaeng ate amang boru
On the level of the clause lexico-grammatical aspects, the translation process above indicates that it begins from the translation of the verb “dohonon”
as a verbal process into the verb “say” as an equivalent verbal process accompanied with a relevant sayer “I” to the translation of the adverb “nuaeng” as
the temporal circumstance into the adverb “now” as the temporal circumstance. On the level of clause logical function, the translation process indicates that an
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430 independent clause “dohonon nuaeng ate amang boru” as an expansion enhanced
clause is projected by in a group of projecting clauses into an independent clause “I say now” as an equivalent expansion enhanced by in a group of
projecting clauses. Clause 3:
tingko inggir- inggir modifier γ: “αβ an independent locution projected clause
On the level of the clause lexico-grammatical aspects, the translation process above indicates that it begins from the translation of the adjective
“tingko” as an attribute into the adjective “oval” as an equivalent attribute to the translation of the noun “ingir-ingir” as a carrier into the noun phrase “the tomato”
as an equivalent carrier accompanied with a relevant relational process. On the level of clause logical function, the translation process indicates that an
independent clause “αβ tingko inggir-inggir” as a expansion extended by αγ in a group of projected clauses is translated into an independent claus
e “αβ the tomato is oval” as an equivalent expansion extended by αγ in a group of projected clauses
Clause 3: bulung nai rata-
rata modifier 4: “αγ an an independent locution projected clause
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431
On the level of the clause lexico-grammatical aspects, the translation process above indicates that it departs from the translation of the adjective “rata-
rata” as an attribute into the adjective “green” as an attribute accompanied with a relevant relational process “is” to the translation of the noun phrase “bulung na i”
as a carrier into the noun phrase “bulung na i” as an attribute into the noun phrase “its leaf” as an equivalent carrier. On the level of clause logical function, the
translation process indicates that an independent clause “[ “α1] “αγbulung nai rata-
rata” as a expansion extending αβ in a group of projected clauses is translated into an independent clause “αγ its leaf is green” as an equivalent expansion
extending αβ in a group of projected clauses. Clause 5:
sai anggiat ma tujolan ni ari on mang asi modifier γ: “α4 an independent
locution projected clause
On the level of the clause lexico-grammatical aspects, the translation process above indicates that it departs from the translation of the verb “ma” as a
relational process into the verb “may be” as an equivalent relational process, after
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432 that to the trans
lation of the noun phrase “tu joloan ni ari on” as a carrier into the noun phrase “the future of this day” as an equivalent carrier, and arrives at the
translation of the adjective “mangasi” as an attribute into the adjective “beautiful” as an equivalent attribute. On the level of clause logical function, the translation
process indicates that an independent clause “α4sai anggiat ma tujolan ni ari on mangasi” as a expansion extended by +α5 in a group of projecting clause is
translated into an independent cl ause “α4 may the next days be beautiful” as an
equivalent expansion extended by +α5 in a group of projecting clauses. Clause 6:
manumpak Ama nta Namartua Debata modifier 4: “α6 an independent locution projected clause
On the level of the clause lexico-grammatical aspects, the translation process above indicates that it departs from the translation of the verb
“manumpak” as a mental process into the verb “bless” as an equivalent mental process to the translation of the noun phrase “amanta namartua Debata” as a
senser into the noun phrase “the Almighty God our father” as an equivalent sense. On the level of clause logical function, the translation process indicates that an
independent clause “+α5 manumpak Amanta Namartua Debata” as a expansion extending
α4 in a group of projecting clauses is translated into an independent
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433 clause “+α5 may God our father bless us” as an equivalent expansion extending
α4 in a group of projecting clause.
β Pattern β:[ “α1] “[αβ + αγ xα4 xα5]
The result of the translation process on the hypotactic projecting clause with the extension and causal enhancement projected clause with the pattern
“α1 “[αβ + αγ xα4 xα5] based on the Bottom-up translation approach indicates that there is a translation equivalence both on the level of the lexico-
grammatical aspects and on the level of the clause logical functions between the ST and TT.
Data 130 16:54
Clause: [ songon nanidok ni umpasa ma “α1 dohonon nami], “[αβ sahat-sahat ni
solu, +αγ sahat ma tu bontean, xα4 hupasahat hami ma ulos
8
naganjang on, xα 5 sai sahat ma hamu tu panggabean huhut tu parhorasan]
[ as the maxim says “α1 we say] “[αβ the canoe arrives, + αγ it arrives at the harbor,xα4 we deliver this long ulos
8
, xα 5 may you have descendent and health]
Clause 1: songon nanidok ni umpasa mamodifier 1: as a dependent projecting clause
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434 On the level of the clause lexico-grammatical aspects, the translation
process above indicates that it departs from the translation of the verb “nanidok” as a
verbal process into the verb “say” as an equivalent verbal process, after that to the translation of the prepositional phrase “ni umpasa” as a senser into the noun
phrase “the maxim” as an equivalent senser, and arrives at the translation of the word “songon” as into the word “as” as an equivalent conjunction. On the level of
clause logical function, the translation process indicates that an independent clause “ songon nanidok ni umpasa ma” as a manner expansion enhancing α1in a
group of projecting clauses is translated into an independent clause “as the maxim
says” as an equivalent manner expansion enhancing α1in a group of projecting clauses.
Clause 2: dohonon nami modifier β: α1 as an independent projecting clause
On the level of the clause lexico-grammatical aspects, the translation process above indicates that it begins from the translation of the verb “dohonon”
as a verbal process into the verb “say” as an equivalent verbal process to the translation of the pronoun “nami” as a sayer into the pronoun “we” as an
equivalent sayer. On the level of clause logical function, the translation process indicates that an independent clause “α1dohonon nami” as a expansion enhanced
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435 by in a group of projecting clauses is translated into an independent clause “α1
we say” as an equivalent expansion enhanced by in a group of projecting clauses.
Clause 3: sahat-
sahat ni solu modifier γ: “αβ as an independent locution projected clause
On the level of the clause lexico-grammatical aspects, the translation process above indicates that it begins from the translation of the verb “sahat-
sahat” as a material process into the verb “arrives” as an equivalent material process to the translation of the noun phrase “ni solu” as an actor into the noun
phrase “the canoe” as an equivalent actor. On the level of clause logical function, the translation process indicates that an independent clause “αβ sahat-sahat ni
solu” as a expansion extended by αγ in a group of projected clause is translated into an independent clause
“αβ the canoe arrives” as an equivalent expansion extended by αγ in a group of projected clauses.
Clause 4: sahat ma tu bonteanmodifier 4: “αγ as an independent locution projected clause
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436 On the level of the clause lexico-grammatical aspects, the translation
process above indicates that it departs from the translation of the verb “sahat” as a material process into the verb “arrives” as an equivalent material process
accompanied with a pronoun as a relevant actor “it” to the translation of the prepositio
nal phrase “tu bontean” as a spatial circumstance into the prepositional phrase “at the harbor” as an equivalent spatial phrase. On the level of clause
logical function, the translation process indicates that an independent clause “αγ sahat ma tu bontean” as a expansion extended by αβ in a group of projecting
clauses is translated into an independent clause “αγ it arrives at the harbor” as an equivalent expansion extended by αβ in a group of projected clause.
Clause 5: hupasahat hami ma ulos
8
naganjang on modifier 5: “α4 as an independent
locution projected clause
On the level of the clause lexico-grammatical aspects, the translation process above indicates that it departs from the translation of the verb “hupasahat”
as a material process into the verb “give” as an equivalent material process, after
that to the translation of the pronoun “hami” as an actor into the pronoun “we” as an equivalent actor, and arrives at the translation of the noun phrase “ulos
8
naganjang on” as goal into the noun phrase “this long ulos
8
” as an equivalent. On
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437 the level of clause logical function, the translation process indicates that an
independent clause “α4 hupasahat hami ma ulos
8
naganjang on” as a expansion is translated enhanced by α5 in a group of projected clauses into an independent
clause “α4 we deliver this long ulos
8
” as an equivalent expansion elaborated by α5 in a group of projected clauses.
Clause 6: sai sahat ma hamu tu panggabean huhut tu parhorasan head: “α5 as an
independent locution projected clause
On the level of the clause lexico-grammatical aspects, the translation process above indicates that it departs from the translation of the verb “sahat” as
a relational process into the verb “may...have” as an equivalent relational process, after that to the
translation of the pronoun “hamu” as a carrier into the pronoun “you” as an equivalent carrier, and arrives at the translation of the prepositional
phrase “tu panggabean huhut tu parhorasan” as an attribute into the noun phrase “descendent and health” as an equivalent. On the level of clause logical function,
the translation process indicates that an independent clause “α5 sai sahat ma hamu tu panggabean huhut tu parhorasan” as a expansion enhancing α4 in a group of
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438 projected clauses is translated into an i
ndependent clause “may you have descendent and health” as an equivalent expansion enhancing α4 in a group
projected clause.
γ Pattern γ: 1 “{[2 +3 x4 +5] =[6 =7] +[8 x9 x10] +[11 =12] x[x13 +1415 x16]}
The result of the translation process on the projection in which the projected clauses consists of some enhancements, some elaboration and some
extensions with the pattern1 “{[2 +3 x4 +5] =[6 =7] +[ 8 x9 x10] +[11 =12] x[x13 +14 15 x16]} based on the Bottom-up translation approach
indicates that there is a translation equivalence both on the level of the lexico- grammatical aspects and on the level of the clause logical functions between the
ST and TT.
Data: 103 03:25
Clause: 1jadi songon umpasa ni si jolo-jolo tu bu i ma dohonon nami tu helangku dohot tu
borungku di son, “{[β bintang na rumiris ma +γ tu ombun nasumorop di dolok ni Purba tua, x4 tubuan anak ma ho riris +5 tubuan boru torop], =[6 dongan
muna mai =7 sahat tu saur matua], +[8 pinantingkon hujor ma tu tonga ni tapian, x9 tung tudia pe helenami dohot boru nami mangalangka, x10 sai di
sima dapotan parsaulian], +[11 sahat solu =12 sahat tu bontean ni tiga ras], x[x13 nungga sahat dijalo hamuna pasu-pasu pardongan saripeoni, +14 jala
nungga sahat dipasahat hamu tu hami adat nagok tu angka hula-hula mu marga
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439 sinaga, 15 sahat ma hamu leleng mangolu x16 jala sahat ma tu panggabean tu
parhorasan]} 1 we say the maxim of our ancestor to my son-in-
law and daughter here “{[β the stars twinkle +3 the cloud blows at the mount of Purba Tua x4 may you have
lots of sons +5 and may you have lots of daughters], =[6 may they become your friends =7 until you become very old] +[8 a spear is sticked into the middle of
the water, x9 where ever our son-in-law and our daughter go,x10 there you have blessings], +[11 the canoe arrives,=12 it arrives at the harbor of tiga ras,
x[x13 you have received the marriage blessing, +14 and you have delivered the exact dowry to all of us your brother-in-laws, sinaga, 15 may you live long, and
x16 may you have the descendent and the healthiness]} Clause 1:
jadi songon umpasa ni si jolo-jolo tu bu i ma dohonon nami tu helangku dohot tu borungku di son: head: 1 as a dependent projecting clause
jadi songon umpasa ni si jolo-jolo tu bu i ma dohon nami
tu helangku dohot tu borungku di son
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440
On the level of the clause lexico-grammatical aspects, the translation process above indicates that it departs from the translation of the verb “dohonon”
as a verbal process into the verb “say” as an equivalent verbal process, after that
to the translation of the pronoun “nami” as a sayer into the pronoun “we” as an equivalent sayer, then to the translation of the noun phrase “umpasa ni sijolo-jolo
tubu” as a target into the noun phrase “the maxim of our ancestor” as an equivalent target, afterwards to the translation of the prepositional phrase “tu
helangku dohot borungku” as the recipient into the prepositional phrase “to my son-in-
law and daughter” as an equivalent recipient, and arrives at the translation of the prepositional phrase “di son” as a spatial circumstance into the adverb
“here” as an equivalent spatial circumstance. On the level of clause logical function, the translation process indicates that an independent clause “1jadi
songon umpasa ni si jolo-jolo tu bu i ma dohonon nami tu helangku dohot tu borungku di son” as a projecting clause is translated into an independent clause “1
we say the maxim of our ancestor to my son-in- law and daughter here” as an
equivalent projecting clause. Clause 2:
bintang na rumiris ma modifier β: “β as an independent locution projected clause
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441
On the level of the clause lexico-grammatical aspects, the translation process above indicates that it begins from the translation of the verb “narumiris”
as a material process into the verb “twinkle” as an equivalent process to the translation of the noun “bintang” as an actor into the noun phrase “the star” as an
equivalent actor. On the level of clause logical function, the translation process indica
tes that an independent clause “β bintang na rumiris ma” as a expansion extended by =3 in an enhancement block of meaning of a locution is translated
into an independent clause “β the stars twinkle” as an equivalent expansion extended by =3 in an enhancement block of meaning of a locution.
Clause 3: tu ombun nasumorop di dolok ni Purba tua modifier γ: “γ as an independent
locution projected clause
On the level of the clause lexico-grammatical aspects, the translation process above indicates that it departs from the translation of the verb
“nasumorop” as a material process into the verb “blows” as an equivalent material process, after that to the translation of the noun “ombun” as an actor into the noun
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442 phrase “the cloud” as an equivalent actor, then to the translation of the
prepositional phrase “di dolok ni purba tua” as a spatial circumstance, and arrives at the translation of the word “tu” as a connector into the word “and” as an
equivalent connector. On the level of clause logical function, the translation process indicates that an independent clause “+γ tu ombun nasumorop di dolok ni
Purba tua” as a expansion extending β in an enhancement block of meaning in a locution is translated into an independent clause “+γ the cloud blows at mount of
purba tu a” as an equivalent expansion extending β in an enhancement block of
meaning in a locution. Clause 4:
tubuan anak ma ho riris head: “4 as an independent locution projected clause
On the level of the clause lexico-grammatical aspects, the translation p
rocess above indicates that it departs from the translation of the verb “tubuan” as a relational process into the verb “may...have” as an equivalent relational process,
after that to the translation of the pronoun “ho” as a carrier into the pronoun “you” a
s an equivalent carrier, and arrives at the translation of the noun phrase “anak riris” as an attribute into the noun phrase “lots of sons” as an equivalent attribute.
On the level of clause logical function, the translation process indicates that an indep
endent clause “4 tubuan anak ma ho riris” as a expansion extended by +5 in
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443 an enhancement block of meaning of a locution is translated into an independent
clause “4 may you have lots of sons” as an equivalent expansion extended by +5 in an enhancement block of meaning of a locution.
Clause 5: tubuan boru torop modifier 4: “5 as an independent locution projected clause
On the level of the clause lexico-grammatical aspects, the translation process above indicates that it begins from the translation of t
he verb “tubuan” as a relational process into the verb “may have” as an equivalent relational process
accompanied with a relevant pronoun “you” as a carrier to the translation of the noun phrase “boru torop” as an attribute into the noun phrase “lots of daughters”
as an equivalent attribute. On the level of clause logical function, the translation process indicates that an independent clause “+5tubuan boru torop” as an
expansion extending 4 is translated into an independent clause “+5 and may you have lots
of daughters” as an equivalent extension 4. Clause 6:
dongan muna mai modifier 5: “6 as an independent locution projected clause
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444 On the level of the clause lexico-grammatical aspects, the translation
process above indicates that it begins from the translation of the noun substitute “i” as a carrier into the pronoun “mereka” as an equivalent carrier accompanied
with a relevant verb “may become” as a relational process to the translation of the noun “dongan” as an attribute into the noun phrase “your friends” as an equivalent
attribute. On the level of clause logical function, the translation process indicates that an independent clause “6 dongan muna mai” as a elaboration expansion
commented by =7 is translated into an independent clause “6 may they become your friends” as an equivalent elaboration expansion commented by =7.
Clause 7: sahat tu saur matua modifier 6: “7 as a dependent locution projected clause
On the level of the clause lexico-grammatical aspects, the translation process above indi
cates that it begins from the translation of the verb “sahat” as a relational process into the verb “become” as an equivalent relational process
accompanied with a relevant pronoun “you” as a carrier to the translation of the adjective phrase “saur matua” as an attribute into the adjective phrase “very old”
as an equivalent attribute. On the level of clause logical function, the translation process indicates that an independent clause “=7 sahat tu saur matua” as a
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445 elaboration expansion commenting 6 is trans
lated into an independent clause “=7 until you become very old” as an equivalent elaboration expansion commenting 6.
Clause 8: pinantingkon hujor ma tu tonga ni tapian modifier 7: “8 as an independent
locution projected clause
On the level of the clause lexico-grammatical aspects, the translation process above indicates that it departs from the translation of the verb
“pinantikkon” as a material process into the verb phrase “is stuck” as an equivalent material process, after that to the translatio
n of the noun “hujur” as a goal into the noun phrase “a spear” as an equivalent goal, and arrives at the
translation of the prepositional phrase “tu tonga ni tapian” as a spatial circumstance into the prepositional phrase “into the middle of the river” as an
equivalent spatial circumstance. On the level of clause logical function, the translation process indicates that an independent clause “8 pinantingkon hujor ma
tu tonga ni tapian” as a expansion enhanced by 9 and x10 is translated into an independent cl
ause “a spear is sticked into the middle of the water” as an equivalent expansion enhanced by 9 and x10.
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446 Clause 9:
tung tudia pe hela nami dohot boru nami mangalangka modifier 8: “9 as an independent locution projected clause
On the level of the clause lexico-grammatical aspects, the translation process above indicates that it departs from the translation of the verb
“mangalangka” as a material process into the verb “go” as an equivalent material process, after that to the translation of the noun phr
ase “hela nami dohot boru nami” as an actor into the noun phrase “our son-in-law and our daughter” as an
equivalent actor, and arrives at the translation of the words “tung tu dia” as conjunction into the words “where ever” as an equivalent conjunction. On the
level of clause logical function, the translation process indicates that an independent clause “9tung tudia pe hela nami dohot boru nami mangalangka” as
a expansion enhancing 8 and enhanced by 10 by is translated into an independent clause “9 where ever our son-in-law and our daughter go” as an equivalent
expansion enhancing 8 and enhanced by 10. Clause 10:
sai di sima dapotan parsaulian modifier 9: “10 as an independent locution projected clause
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447
On the level of the clause lexico-grammatical aspects, the translation process above indicates that it departs from the translation of the verb “dapotan”
as a relational process into the verb phrase “may have” as an equivalent relational process accompanied with a relevant pronoun “you” as a carrier, after that to the
translation of the noun “parsaulian” as an attribute into the noun “blessing” as an equivalent attribute, and arrives at the translation of the prepositional phrase “di
si” as spatial circumstance into the adverb “there” as an equivalent spatial circumstance. On the level of clause logical function, the translation process
indicates that an independent clause “x10 sai di sima dapotan parsaulian” as a expansion enhancing 9 and 8 is translated into an independent clause “x10 there
you have bles sings” as an equivalent expansion enhancing 9 and 8.
Clause 11: sahat solu modifier 10: “11 as an independent locution projected clause
On the level of the clause lexico-grammatical aspects, the translation process above indicates that it begins from
the translation of the verb “sahat” as a material process into the verb “arrives” as an equivalent material process to the
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448 translation of the noun “solu” as an actor into the noun phrase “the canoe” as an
equivalent actor. On the level of clause logical function, the translation process indicates that an independent clause “11 sahat solu” as an elaboration expansion
commented by =1β is translated into an independent clause “11 the canoe arrives” as an equivalent elaboration expansion commented by =12.
Clause 12: sahat tu bontean ni tiga ras modifier 11: “1β as an independent locution
projected clause
On the level of the clause lexico-grammatical aspects, the translation process above indicates that it begins from the translation of the verb “sahat” as a
material process into the verb “arrives” as an equivalent material process accompanied with a relevant pronoun “it” as an actor to the translation of the
prepositional phrase “tu bontean ni tiga ras” as a spatial circumstance into the prepositional “to the harbor of tiga ras” as an equivalent spatial circumstance. On
the level of clause logical function, the translation process indicates that an independent clause “=1βsahat tu bontean ni tiga ras” as an elaboration expansion
commenting 11 is translated int o an independent clause “=1βit arrives at the
harbor of tiga ras” as an equivalent elaboration expansion commenting 11.
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449 Clause 13:
nungga sahat dijalo hamuna pasu – pasu pardongan saripeoni modifier 1β: “1γ
as an independent locution projected clause
On the level of the clause lexico-grammatical aspects, the translation process above indicates that it departs from the translation of the verb phrase
“sahat dijalo” as a mental process into the verb phrase “have received” as an equivalent process mental process, after that to the translation of the pronoun
“hamuna” as a senser into the pronoun “you” as an equivalent senser, and arrives at the translation of the noun phrase “pasu-pasu pardongan saripeon i” as a
phenomenon into the noun phrase “that marriage blessing” as an equivalent phenomenon. On the level of clause logical function, the translation process
indicates that an independent clause “1γnungga sahat dijalo hamuna pasu – pasu pardongan saripeon i” as a expansion extended by +14 is translated into an
independent clause “1γyou have received the marriage blessing” as an equivalent expansion extended by +14.
Clause 14: jala nungga sahat dipasahat hamu tu hami adat nagok tu angka hula
– hula mu marga sinaga modifier 1γ: “14 as an independent locution projected clause
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450 jala nungga sahat dipasahat hamu tu hami adat nagok
angka hula – hula mu marga sinaga
On the level of the clause lexico-grammatical aspects, the translation process above indicates that it departs from the translation of the verb phrase
“nungga...dipasahat” as a material process into the verb phrase “have delivered” as an equivalent material process, after that to the translation of the pronoun
“hamu” as an actor into the pronoun “you” as an equivalent actor, then to the translation
of the noun phrase “adat nagok” as the goal into the noun phrase “the exact dowry” as the equivalent goal, afterwards to the translation of prepositional
phrase “tu hami angka hula-hula mu sinaga” as the recipient into the prepositional phrase “to us your brother-in-laws, sinaga as the equivalent recipient, then to the
translation of the adverb “nungga” as a temporal circumstance into the adverb “already” as an equivalent temporal circumstance, and arrives at the translation of
the word “jala” as the connector into the word “and” as an equivalent connector.
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451 On the level of clause logical function, the translation process indicates that an
independent clause “+14 jala nungga sahat dipasahat hamu tu hami adat nagok angka hula -
hula mu marga sinaga” as a expansion extending 13 is translated into an independent clause “+14and you have delivered the exact dowry to all of us
your brother-in- laws, sinaga” as an equivalent expansion extending 1γ.
Clause 15: sahat ma hamu leleng mangolu modifier 14: “15 as an independent locution
projected clause
On the level of the clause lexico-grammatical aspects, the translation process above indicates that it departs from the translation of the verb phrase
“sahat mangolu” as a behavioral process into the verb phrase “may...live” as an equivalent behavioral process, after that to the translation of the pronoun “hamu”
as a behaver into the verb “you” as an equivalent behaver, and arrives at the translation of the adverb “leleng” as a temporal circumstance into the adverb
“long” as an equivalent temporal circumstance. On the level of clause logical function, the translation process indicates that an independent clause “15 sahat ma
hamu leleng mangolu” as a expansion enhanced by x16 is translated into an independent clause “15 may you live long” as an equivalent expansion extended
by 16.
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452 Clause 16:
jala sahat ma tu panggabean tu parhorasan modifier 15: “16 as an independent locution projected clause
On the level of the clause lexico-grammatical aspects, the translation pr
ocess above indicates that it departs from the translation of the verb “sahat” as a relational process into the verb phrase “may have” as an equivalent relational
process accompanied with a pronoun “you” as the carrier, after that to the translation of the
prepositional phrase “tu panggabean tu parhorasan” as an attribute into the noun phrase “the descendent and the healthiness” as an
equivalent attribute, and arrives at the translation of the word “jala” as a connector into the word “and” as an equivalent connector. On the level of clause logical
function, the translation process indicates that an independent clause “x16jala sahat ma tu panggabean tu parhorasan” as a expansion extending 15 is translated
into an independent clause “x16 and may you have the descendent and the healthiness” as an equivalent expansion enhancing 15.
6.5 Translating Hypotactic Complex Mixed Locution Head Pattern 1 Pattern 1: 1 xα1 “{[αβ = αγ] =[α4 x β =α5]
The result of the translation process on the with a with the pattern based on the Bottom-up translation approach indicates that there is a translation
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453 equivalence both on the level of the lexico-grammatical aspects and on the level
of the clause logical functions between the ST and TT.
Data: 127 15:41
Clause: 1 jadi songon nanidok ni umpasama xα 1 dohononnami, “{[αβ balintang
1
ma pagabe
2
=αγ tumandangkon sitadoan
7
], =[α4 arinta do gabe x β ai nungga olo =α5 hita masipaolo-oloan]
1 as the maxim says xα 1 we say “{[αβ balintang
1
is pagabe
2
=αγ kicking the sitadoan
7
] =[α4 our time to have descendents x β because we agree =α5 to negotiate]
Clause 1: jadi songon nanidok ni umpasama dohononnami modifier: xα1 as a hypotactic
projecting clause
On the level of the clause lexico-grammatical aspects, the translation process above indicates that it departs from the translation of the verb “nanidok”
as a verbal process into the verb “say” as an equivalent verbal process, after that to the transla
tion of the noun “umpasa” as a sayer into the noun phrase “the maxim” as an equivalent sayer, and arrives at the translation of the word “songon”
as the conjunction. On the level of clause logical function, the translation process
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454 indicates that a dependen
t clause “ 1jadi songon nanidok ni umpasa” as an expansion enhancing xα1 is translated into a dependent clause “ 1 as the maxim
says” as an equivalent expansion enhancing xα1. Clause 2:
dohonon nami
On the level of the clause lexico-grammatical aspects, the translation process above indicates that it begin from the translation of the verb “dohonon”
as a verbal process into the verb “say” as an equivalent verbal process to the translation of the pronoun “nami” as a sayer into the pronoun “we” as an
equivalent sayer. On the level of clause logical function, the translation process indicates that a dependent clause “xα1 jadi songon nanidok ni umpasa” as an
expansion enhanced by 1 in the projecting clause is translated into a dependent clause “ 1 as the maxim says” as an equivalent expansion enhanced by 1 in the
projecting clause. Clause 3:
Balintang
1
ma pagabe
2
modifier β: “αβ as an independent locution projected clause
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455
On the level of the clause lexico-grammatical aspects, the translation process above
indicates that it departs from the translation of the verb “ma” as a relational process into the verb “is” as an equivalent relational process, after that
to the translation of the noun “balintang
1
” as a carrier into the noun “balintang
1
” as an equivalent
carrier, and arrives at the translation of the noun “pagabe
2
” as an attribute into the noun “pagabe
2
” as an equivalent attribute. On the level of clause logical function, the translation process indicates that an independent clause “αβ
balintang
1
ma pagabe
2
” as an elaboration expansion commented by = αγ in the projected clause is translated into an independent clause “αβ balintang
1
is pagabe
2
” as an equivalent elaboration expansion commented by = αγ in a projected clause.
Clause 3: tumandangkon sitadoan
7
modifier: “αγ as a dependent locution projected clause
On the level of the clause lexico-grammatical aspects, the translation process above indicates that it departs from the translation of the verb
“tumandangkon” as a material process into the verb “kicks” as an equivalent
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456 material process accompanied with a
relevant relative pronoun “which” as the actor to the translation of the noun “sitadoan
7
” as a goal into the noun “sitadoan
7
” as an equivalent goal. On the level of clause logical function, the translation
process indicates that an independent clause “tumandangkon sitadoan
7
” as a expansion is translated into an independent clause “=αγ which kicks the
sitadoan
7
” as an equivalent elaboration expansion commenting αβ. Clause 4:
arinta do gabe modifier: “α4 as an independent locution projected clause
On the level of the clause lexico-grammatical aspects, the translation process above indicates that it begins from the translation of the noun phrase
“arinta” as a carrier into the noun phrase “our time” as an equivalent carrier accompanied with a relevant relat
ional process “to have” to the translation of the noun “gabe” as an attribute into the noun “descendents” as an equivalent attribute.
On the level of clause logical function, the translation process indicates that an independent clause “α4 arinta do gabe” as a expansion enhanced by x β =α5 is
translated into an independent clause “α4 our time to have descendent” as an equivalent expansion enhanced by x β =α5.
Clause 5: ai nungga olo hita modifier: “ β as a dependent locution projected clause
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457
On the level of the clause lexico-grammatical aspects, the translation process above indicates that it departs from the translation of the verb phrase
“nungga olo” as a mental process into the verb phrase “have agreed” as an equivalent mental process, after t
hat to the translation of the pronoun “hita” as a senser into the pronoun “we” as an equivalent senser, and arrives at the translation
of the word “ai” as a conjunction into the word “because” as an equivalent conjunction. On the level of clause logical function, the translation process
indicates that a dependent clause “ β ai nungga olo hita” as an expansion commented by=α5 and causally enhancing α4 is translated into a dependent clause
“ β because we have agreed” as an equivalent expansion commented by=α5 and causally enhancing α4.
Clause 6: masipaolo-
oloan modifier: “α5 as a dependent locution projected clause.
On the level of the clause lexico-grammatical aspects, the translation process above indicates that it is the translation of the verb “marsipaolo-oloan” as
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458 a mental process into the verb “to negotiate” as an equivalent mental process. On
the level of clause logical function, the translation process indicates that an independent clause “=α5 masipaolo-oloan” as a expansion commenting β and
causal ly enhancing α4 is translated into an independent clause “=α5 to negotiate”
as an equivalent expansion commenting β and causally enhancing α4.
β Pattern β: α “α =
The result of the translation process on the projection with a specification elaboratio
n expansion in the projected clauses with the pattern α “α = based on the Bottom-up translation approach indicates that there is a translation
equivalence both on the level of the lexico-grammatical aspects and on the level of the clause logical functions between the ST and TT.
Data: 186 01:17
Clause: a nanaeng sidohonon nami ditingkion ima, “α ingot hamuma hata pasu-pasu =
nanijalomuna sian bagas gareja α we are saying at this time,”α may you remember the words of blessing =
which you receive from church Clause 1:
nanaeng sidohonon nami ditingkion ima head: as a dependent projecting clause
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459
On the level of the clause lexico-grammatical aspects, the translation process above indicates that it departs from the translation of the verb phrase
“naeng sidohonon” as a verbal process into the verb phrase “are saying” as an equivalent verbal process, after that to the translation of the pronoun “nami” as a
sayer into the pronoun “we” as an equivalent sayer, and arrives at the translation of the prep
ositional phrase “di tingki on” as temporal circumstance into the prepositional phrase “in this time” as an equivalent temporal circumstance. On the
level of clause logical function, the translation process indicates that an independent clause “αnanaeng sidohonon nami di tingki on” as a projecting clause
is translated into an independent clause “α we are saying at this time” as an equivalent projecting.
Clause 2: ingot hamuma hata pasu-
pasu modifier: “αas an independent locution projected clause
On the level of the clause lexico-grammatical aspects, the translation process above indicates that it departs from the translation of the verb “ingot” as
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460 a mental process into the verb phrase “may...remember” as an equivalent verbal
process, after that to the translation of the pronoun “hamu” as an the senser into
the pronoun “you” as an equivalent senser, and arrives at the translation of the noun phrase “hata pasu-pasu” as the phenomenon into the noun phrase “the words
of blessing” as an equivalent phenomenon. On the level of clause logical function, the translation process indicates that an independent clause “αingot hamuma hata
pasu- pasu” as a elaboration expansion specified by= in the projected clauses is
translated into an independent clause “may you remember the words of blessing” as a elaboration expansion specified by = in the projected clauses.
Clause 3: nanijalomuna sian bagas gareja modifier: “ as a dependent locution projected
clause
On the level of the clause lexico-grammatical aspects, the translation process above indicates that it departs from the translation of the verb “jalo” as a
mental process into the verb “receive” as an equivalent mental process, after that to the translatio
n of the pronoun “muna” as a senser into the pronoun “you” as an equivalent senser, to the translation of the prepositional phrase “sian bagas gareja”
as a spatial circumstance into the prepositional phrase “from church” as an equivalent spatial circumstan
ce, and arrives at the translation of the word “na” as
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461 a relative pronoun into the word “which” as an equivalent relative pronoun. On
the level of clause logical function, the translation process indicates that an independent clause “ nanijalomuna sian bagas gareja” as an elaboration
expansion specifying α is translated into an independent clause “ which you receive from church” as an elaboration expansion specifying α.
γ Pattern γ: α1 “{[αβ + αγ] x[x α4 +α5 +α6 +α7]}
The result of the translation process on the projection with some clauses in the extension and enhancement such as with this pattern α1 “{[αβ + αγ] x[x
α4 +α5 +α6 +α7]} based on the Bottom-up translation approach indicates that there is a translation equivalence both on the level of the lexico-grammatical
aspects and on the level of the clause logical functions between the ST and TT.
Data: 178 04:40
Clause: α1 songon hata ni situa-tua ma dohonon nami, “{[αβ bintang na rumiris ma
ninna +αγ tu ombun na sumorop di dolok ni purba tua], x[x tu angka tingki nanaengro α4 sai dilehon Tuhanta di hamu +α5 anak pe riris +α6 boru torop
+α7 dongan muna mai sahat tu saur matua]} α1 we say as in the maxim of the elder, “{[αβ the stars twinkle +αγ and the flying
cloud at the mount of purba tua], x[x at the time which will come, +α4 may
our god give you, +α5 your sons are crowded, +α6 your daughters are also crowded, +α7 they are your friends till to your elderly]
Clause 1:
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462 songon hata ni situa-
tua ma dohonon nami modifier: α1 as an independent clause
On the level of the clause lexico-grammatical aspects, the translation process above indicates that it departs from the translation of the verb “say” as a
verbal process into the verb “say” as an equivalent verbal process, after that to the translation of the pronoun “nami” as a sayer into the pronoun “we” as an
equivalent sayer, then to the translation of the noun phrase “hata ni situa-tua” as the target into the noun phrase “the maxim of the elder” as an equivalent target,
and arrives at the translation of the word “songon” as the conjunction into the
word “as” as an equivalent conjunction. On the level of clause logical function, the translation process indicates that an independent clause “α1 songon hata ni
situa-tua ma dohono n nami” as a projecting clause is translated into an
independent clause “α1we say as in the maxim of the elder” as an equivalent projecting clause.
Clause 2: bintang na rumiris ma ninna modifier 1 and β: “αβ and αγ as independent
locution projected clauses
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463
On the level of the clause lexico-grammatical aspects, the translation process above indicates that it begins from the translation of the verb “rumiris” as
a material process into the verb “twinkle” as an equivalent material process, after that to th
e translation of the noun “bintang” as an actor into the noun phrase “the stars” as an equivalent actor. On the level of clause logical function, the
translation process indicates that an independent clause “αβ bintang na rumiris ma ninna” as a expansion extended by αγ in the projected clauses is translated into an
independent clause “the stars twinkle” as an equivalent expansion extended by αγ in the projected clauses.
Clause 3: tu ombun na sumorop di dolok ni purba tua modifier 4: “α4 as an independent
locution projected clause
On the level of the clause lexico-grammatical aspects, the translation process above indicates that it departs from the translation of the verb “sumorop”
as a material process into the verb “flying” as an equivalent material process, after that to the translation of the noun “ombun” as an actor into the noun phrase
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464 “the...cloud” as an equivalent actor, then to the translation of the prepositional
phrase “di dolok ni purba tua” as the spatial circumstance into the prepositional phrase “at the mount of Purba Tua”, and arrives at the translation of the word “tu”
as the connector into the word “and” as an equivalent connector. On the level of clause logical function, the translation process indicates that an independent
clause “+αγ tu ombun na sumorop di dolok ni purba tua” as a expansion extending αβ in the projected clauses is translated into an independent clause “and
the flying cloud at the mount of Purba tua” as an equivalent expansion extending αβ in the projected clauses.
Clause 4: tu angka tingki na neng ro modifier 5: “ as a dependent commentary
elaboration projected clause
On the level of the clause lexico-grammatical aspects, the translation process above indicates that it departs from the translation of the verb phrase
“naeng ro” as a material process into the verb phrase “will come” as an equivalent material process, after that to the translation of the prepositional phrase
“tu angka tingki” as a circumstance into the prepositional phrase “at the time” as an equiva
lent circumstance, and arrives at the translation of the word “na” as the relative pronoun hidden actor into the word “which” as an equivalent relative
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465 pronoun hidden actor. On the level of clause logical function, the translation
process indicates th at a dependent clause “x tu angka tingki na neng ro” as a
expansion temporarily enhancing α4 +α5 +α6 +α7 in the projected clauses is translated into a dependent clause “at the time which will come” as an equivalent
expansion temporarily enhancing α4 +α5 +α6 +α7 in the projected clauses. Clause 5:
sai dilehon Tuhanta di hamu head: “α5 as an independent locution projection clause
On the level of the clause lexico-grammatical aspects, the translation process above indicates that it departs from the
translation of the verb phrase “si dilehon” as a mental process into the verb phrase “may...give” as an equivalent
mental process, then to the translation of the noun phrase “Tuhan ta” as the senser, and arrives to the translation of the prepositional phr
ase “di hamu” as the recipient into the prepositional phrase “to you” as an equivalent recipient. On the level of
clause logical function, the translation process indicates that an independent clause “α4 sai dilehon Tuhanta di hamu” as a expansion enhanced by x and
extended by +α5 in the projected clauses is translated into an independent clause “α4 may our God give you” as an equivalent expansion enhanced by x and
extended by +α5 in the projected clauses.
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466 Clause 6
anak pe riris modifier 6: “α6 as an independent locution projection clause
On the level of the clause lexico-grammatical aspects, the translation process above indicates that it departs from the translation of the adjective “riris”
as an attribute into the adjective “crowded” as an equivalent attribute accompanied with a relevant relational process “are”, after that to the translation
of the noun “anak” as a carrier into the noun phrase “your sons” as an equivalent carrier. On the level of clause logical function, the translation process indicates
that an independent clause “+α5 anak pe riris” as a expansion enhanced by x , extending α4 and extended by +α6 is translated into an independent clause “+α5
your sons are crowded” as an equivalent expansion enhanced by x , extending α4 and extended by +α6.
Clause 7: boru pe torop modifier 7: “α7 as an independent locution projection clause
On the level of the clause lexico-grammatical aspects, the translation process above indicates that it begins from the translation of the adjective
“torop”
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467 as an attribute accompanied by a relevant relational process “are” into the
adjective “crowded” as an equivalent attribute to the translation of the noun “boru” as a carrier into the noun phrase “your daughters” as an equivalent carrier.
On the level of clause logical function, the translation process indicates that an independent clause “+α6 boru pe torop” as a expansion enhanced by x ,
extending +α5 and extended by +α7 is translated into an independent clause “+α6 your daughters are also crowd
ed” as an equivalent expansion enhanced by x , extending +α5 and extended by +α7.
Clause 8: dongan muna mai modifier 8: “α8 as an independent locution projected clause
sahat tu saur matua
On the level of the clause lexico-grammatical aspects, the translation process above indicates that it departs from the translation of the verb “ma” as a
relational process into the verb “are” as an equivalent relational process, after that to the translation of the pronoun “i” as a carrier into the pronoun “mereka” as an
equivalent carrier, and arrives at the translation of the noun phrase “dongan mu”
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468 as an attribute into the noun phrase “your friends” as an equivalent attribute. On
the level of clause logical function, the translation process indicates that an i
ndependent clause “+α7 dongan muna ma i sahat tu saur matua” as a expansion enhanced by x and extending+α6 is translated into an independent clause “they
are your friends till to your elderly” as an equivalent expansion.
4 Pattern 4: α1” {[αβ + αγ xα4] x[x x α5 α6 +α7]}
The result of the translation process on the projection with some extension and enhancement and elaboration in the projected clauses with the pattern α1”
{[αβ + αγ xα4] x[x α5 = α6 + α7]} based on the Bottom-up translation approach indicates that there is a translation equivalence both on the level of the
lexico-grammatical aspects and on the level of the clause logical functions between the ST and TT.
Data: 125 12:33
Clause: α1 asa dohonon ma hata ni natua tua “{[α2 lomak silunjuang
6
, + αγ lomak x α4 so binaboan], x[xα5 tung songononpe nuaeng ulos
8
= dipasahat hami tuhamu, α6 tu dia hamu mangalangka, +α7 tusi dapotan pangomoan]}
α1I am saying the maxim of the elder, “{[αβ silunjuang
6
is fertilized, + αγ it is fertilized xα4 although it is not weeded], x[xα5 although this ulos
8
is so at this moment,= we deliver to you, α6 where ever you go, + α7 there you have
luck]} Clause 1:
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469 asa dohonon ma hata ni natua tua head: α1as an independent projecting clause
On the level of the clause lexico-grammatical aspects, the translation process above indicates that it begins from the translation of the verb “dohonon”
as a verbal process i nto the verb “say” as an equivalent verbal process
accompanied with a relevant sayer “I” to the translation of the noun phrase “hata ni natua-
tua” as a target into the noun phrase “the maxim of the elder” as an equivalent target. On the level of clause logical function, the translation process
indicates that an independent clause “α1 asa dohonon ma hata ni natua tua” as a projecting clause is translated into an independent clause “I am saying the maxim
of the elder” as an equivalent projecting clause. Clause 2:
lomak silunjuang
6
modifier β: “αβ as an independent locution projected clause
On the level of the clause lexico-grammatical aspects, the translation process above indicates that it begins from the translation of the adjective “lomak”
as an attribute into the adjective “fertilized” as an equivalent attribute accompanied with a releva
nt relational process “is” to the translation of the noun
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470 “silunjuang
6
” as a carrier into the noun “siunjuang” as an equivalent carrier. On the level of clause logical function, the translation process indicates that an
independent clause “αβ lomak silunjuang
6
” as a expansion extended by + αγ xα4 in the projected clauses is translated into an independent clause “αβ silunjuang
6
is fertilized” as an equivalent expansion extended by+ αγ x α4 in the projected
clauses. Clause 3 and 4:
lomak modifier γ: “αγ as an independent locution projected clause so binaboan modifier 4: “α4 as an independent locution projected clause
On the level of the clause lexico-grammatical aspects, the translation process above indicates that it begins from the translation of
the adjective “lomak” as an attribute into the adjective “fertilized” as an equivalent attribute
accompanied with a relevant relational process “is” and the relevant carrier “it” to the translation of the verb “binaboan” as a material process into the verb phrase
“is weeded” as an equivalent material process accompanied with a relevant goal “it”, and arrives at the translation of the word “so” as a conjunction into the word
“although” as an equivalent conjunction. On the level of clause logical function, th
e translation process indicates that an independent clauses “αγ lomak x α4 so
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471 binaboan” as an expansion extending αβ is translated into an independent clauses
“αγ It is fertilized x α4 although it is not weeded” as an equivalent expansion αβ. Clause 5:
tung songon onpe nuaeng ulos
8
modifier 5:x as a dependent locution projected clause
On the level of the clause lexico-grammatical aspects, the translation process above indicates that it departs from the translation of the adjective
“songonon” as an attribute into the adjective “so” as an equivalent attribute accompanied with a relevant relational process “is”, after that to the translation of
the noun “ulos
8
” as a carrier into the noun phrase “this ulos
8
” as an equivalent carrier, then to the translati
on of the adverb “nuaeng” as a temporal circumstance into the prepositional phrase “at this moment” as an equivalent temporal
circumstance, and arrives at the translation of the word “nuaeng” as a conjunction into the word “although” as an equivalent conjunction. On the level of clause
logical function, the translation process indicates that a dependent clause “= tung songon pe nuaeng ulos
8
” as a expansion enhancing commenting α5 is translated into an independent clause “= although this ulos
8
is so at thi s moment” as an
equivalent expansion concessively enhancing α5.
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472 Clause 6:
dipasahat hami tuhamu modifier 6: “α5 as a dependent locution projected clause
On the level of the clause lexico-grammatical aspects, the translation process above indicates th
at it departs from the translation of the verb “dipasahat” as a material process into the verb “deliver” as an equivalent material process,
after that to the translation of the pronoun “hami” as an actor into the pronoun “you” as an equivalent actor, and arrives at the translation of the prepositional
phrase “tu hamu” as the recipient into the prepositional phrase “to you” as an equivalent recipient. On the level of clause logical function, the translation
process indicates that a dependent clause “=α5 dipasahat hami tu hamu” as a expansion concessively enhanced by x in the projected clauses is translated into
an independent clause “ we deliver to you” as an equivalent expansion concessively enhanced by x in the projected clauses.
Clause 7: tu dia hamu ma
ngalangka modifier 7: “α4 as an independent locution projected clause
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473
On the level of the clause lexico-grammatical aspects, the translation process above indicates that it departs from the translation of the verb
“mangalangka” as a material process into the verb “go” as an equivalent material process, after that to the translation of the pronoun “hamu” as an actor into the
pronoun “you” as an equivalent actor, and arrives at the translation of the word “tudia” as a conjunction into the word “where” as an equivalent conjunction. On
the level of clause logical function, the translation process indicates that an independent clause “α6 tu dia hamu mangalangka” as a expansion extended by α7
in the projected clauses is translated into an independent clause “α6 where ever
you go” as an equivalent expansion extended by α7 in the projected clauses. Clause 8:
tusi dapotan pangomoan modifier 6: “α5 as an independent locution projected clause
On the level of the clause lexico-grammatical aspects, the translation process above indicates that it departs from the translation of the verb “dapotan”
as a mental process into the verb “get” as an equivalent mental process
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474 accompanied with a relevant s
enser “you”, after that to the translation of the noun “pangomoan” as a phenomenon into the noun “luck” as an equivalent
phenomenon, and arrives at the translation of the adverb “tusi” as spatial circumstance into the adverb “there” as an equivalent spatial circumstance. On the
level of clause logical function, the translation process indicates that an independent clause “+α7 tusi dapotan pangomoan” as a expansion extending α6 in
the projected clauses is translated into an independent clause “+α7there you have luck” as an equivalent expansion extending α6 in the projected clauses.
5 Pattern 5: 1 ”{[β +γ] x[x4 5 +6 +7 +8]}
The result of the translation process on the projection with some extensions and enhancement in the projected clauses with the pat
tern 1 ”{[β +γ] x[x4 5 +6 +7 +8]} based on the Bottom-up translation approach indicates that
there is a translation equivalence both on the level of the lexico-grammatical aspects and on the level of the clause logical functions between the ST and TT.
Data: 44 05:27
Clause: 1 jadi songon hata ni sijolojolo tubuma dohonon nami tu hamu lae dohot
ibotonami di son, “{[β andor hadungka ma togu togu ni lombu, +γ andor hatiti togutogu ni horbo], x[xnungga sahat ulaonta sadarion, 5 pempeng ma hamu
saur matua, +6 pairing iring pahompu, +7 sahat tu namarnini, +8 sahat tu namarnono]}
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475 1 as the maxim of the elder we say to you here we say to you, our brother and
sister-in- laws, “{[β the creeping plant is the rope of the cow, +γ the creeping
plant is the rope of the bufallow], x[x4 our party is good this day, 5 may you become very old very long, +6 accompaning your grandchildren,+7 until you
have great grandchildren, +8 until you have great great grandchildren]} Clause 1:
jadi songon hata ni sijolojolo tubuma dohonon nami tu hamu lae dohot ibotonami di son modifier: 1 as an independent projecting clause
jadi songon hata ni sijolojolo tubuma
nami tu hamu lae
dohot ibotonami di son
On the level of the clause lexico-grammatical aspects, the translation process above indicates that it departs from the translation of the verb “dohonon”
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476 as a verbal process into the verb “say” as an equivalent verbal process, after that
to the translation of the first pronoun “nami” as a sayer into the pronoun “we” as a
n equivalent sayer, to the translation of the second pronoun “hamu” as the recipient into the pronoun “you” translation of the prepositional phrase “songon
hata ni jolo- jolo tubu tubu” as the manner circumstance into the prepositional
phrase “as the maxim of the elder” as an equivalent manner circumstance, and arrives at the translation of the prepositional phrase “di son” as the spatial
circumstance into the adverb “here”. On the level of clause logical function, the translation process indicates that an i
ndependent clause “1 jadi songon hata ni sijolojolo tubuma dohonon nami tu hamu lae dohot ibotonami di son” as a
projecting clause is translated into an independent clause “1 as the maxim of the elder here we say to you, our brother and sister-in-
law” as an equivalent projecting clause.
Clause 2: andor hadungka ma togu togu ni lombu modifier β : “β as an independent
locution clause
On the level of the clause lexico-grammatical aspects, the translation process above indicates that it departs from the translation of the verb “ma” as a
relational process into the verb “is” as the relational process, then to the
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477 translation of the compou
nd noun “andor hadungka” as a carrier into the noun phrase “the creeping plant” as an equivalent carrier, and arrives at the translation
of the noun phrase “togu-togu ni lombu” as an attribute into the noun phrase “the rope of the cow” as an equivalent as the attribute. On the level of clause logical
function, the translation process indicates that an independent clause “β andor hadungka ma togu togu ni lombu” as a expansion extended by +γ is translated into
an independent clause “β the creeping plant is the rope of the cow” as an equivalent expansion extended by +3.
Clause 3: andor hatiti togutogu ni horbo modifier γ: “γ as an independent locution clause
On the level of the clause lexico-grammatical aspects, the translation process above indicates that it departs from the translation of the noun phrase
“andor hatiti” as a carrier into the noun phrase “the creeping plant” as an equivalent carrier accompanied with a relevant relational process “is” to the
translation of the noun phrase “togu-togu ni lombu” as the attribute into the noun phrase “the rope of the buffalo” as an equivalent attribute. On the level of clause
logical function, the translation process indicates that an independent clause “+γ andor hatiti togutogu ni horbo” as a expansion extending 2 is translated into an
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478 independent clause “+γ the rope of the buffalo is the creeping plant” as an
equivalent expansion extending 2. Clause 4:
nungga sahat ulaonta sadarion modifier 4: “4 as an independent locution clause
On the level of the clause lexico-grammatical aspects, the translation process above indicates that it departs from the translation of the verb phrase “
ungga sahat” as a material process into the verb phrase “have done” as an equivalent material process, after that to the transla
tion of the pronoun “ta” as an actor to the pronoun “we” as an equivalent actor, then the translation of the noun
“ulon” as a goal into the noun “party” as an equivalent goal, and arrives at the translation of the noun phrase “sadari on” as a temporal circumstance into the
adverb “today” as an equivalent temporal circumstance. On the level of clause logical function, the translation process indicates that an independent clause
“4nungga sahat ulaonta sadarion” as a expansion enhancing 5 +6 +7 +8 is transla
ted into an independent clause “4we have given our party today” as an equivalent expansion enhancing 5 +6 +7 +8.
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479 Clause 5:
pempeng ma hamu saur matua head: “5 as an independent locution clause
On the level of the clause lexico-grammatical aspects, the translation process above indicates that it departs from the translation of verb “ma” as an
attribute into the verb phrase “may become” as an equivalent relational process, after that to the translation of the pronoun “hamu” as a carrier into the pronoun
“you” as an equivalent carrier, then to the translation of the adjective phrase “saur matua” as the attribute into the adjective phrase “very old” as an equivalent
attribute, and arrives at the translation of the adverb “pempeng” as a temporal circumsta
nce into the adverb phrase “very long” as an equivalent spatial circumstance. On the level of clause logical function, the translation process
indicates that an independent clause “5 pempeng ma hamu saur matua” as a expansion enhanced by 4 and extended by +6 is translated into an independent
clause “5may you become very old very long” as an equivalent expansion enhanced by 4 and extended by +6.
Clause 6: pairing iring pahompu modifier 5 : “6 as an independent locution clause
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480
On the level of the clause lexico-grammatical aspects, the translation process above indicates that it begins from the translation of the verb “pairing-
iring” as a mental process into the verb “accompany” as an equivalent mental process to the translation of the noun “pahompu” as a phenomenon into the noun
phrase “your grandchildren” as an equivalent phenomenon. On the level of clause logical function, the translation process indicates that an independent clause “6
pairing iring pahompu” as a expansion is translated into an independent clause “6 accompaning your grandchildren” as an equivalen expansion enhanced by 4 and
extended by 7. Clause 7:
sahat tu namarnini modifier 6 : “7 as a dependent locution clause
On the level of the clause lexico-grammatical aspects, the translation process above indicates that it departs from the translation of the verb “tu na” as a
relational process into the verb “have” as an equivalent relational process accompanied with a relevant carrier “you”, after that to the translation of the noun
“namarnini” as an attribute into the “grand grandchidren” as an equivalent
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481 attribute , and arrives at the translation of the word “sahat” as a conjunction into
the word “until” as an equivalent conjunction. On the level of clause logical function, the translatio
n process indicates that an independent clause “+7 sahat tu namarnini” as a expansion enhanced by 4 and extended by +8 is translated into an
independent clause “+7 until you have great grandchildren” as an equivalent expansion enhanced by 4 and extended by +8.
Clause 8: sahat tu namarnono modifier 7 : “8 as a dependent locution clause
On the level of the clause lexico-grammatical aspects, the translation process above indicates that it departs from the translation of the verb “tu na” as a
relational process into the verb “have” as an equivalent process relational process
accompanied with a relational process “you”, after that to the translation of the noun “marnono” as an attribute into the noun phrase “great grand grandchildren”
as an equivalent attr ibute, and arrives at the translation of the word “sahat” as a
conjunction into the word “until” as an equivalent conjunction. On the level of clause logical function, the translation process indicates that an independent
clause “+8 sahat tu namarnono” as a expansion enhanced by 4 and extending +7 is translated into an independent clause “+8 until you have great great
grandchildren” as an equivalent expansion enhanced by 4 and extending +7.
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482
6 Pattern 6: α1 “{[αβ] x [αγ = 1 + β + β]}
The result of the translation process on the projection with an enhancement, elaboration and extension with the pattern α1 “{[αβ] x [αγ = 1
+ β + β]} based on the Bottom-up translation approach indicates that there is a translation equivalence both on the level of the lexico-grammatical aspects and on
the level of the clause logical functions between the ST and TT.
Data 153: 24:46
Clause: α1 jadi asa songon hata ni natua-tua ma dohonon nami, “{[αβ asa harambir ni
si dapotan ma ninna tu napuran ni Parsoburan], x[α3 pininta ni ulaonta nang tangiang nami tu Amanta Debata, = 1 asa anggiat rumatangga berbahagia
hamu, β jala tontong marsihaholongan, γ huhut diramoti Tuhan]} α1 we are saying as in the maxim of the elder,“{[αβ the coconut of the sidapotan
is the bet el of the parsoburan], x[αγ our party and our pray is to god our
father, = 1 so you may become a happy family, β and you always love each other, γ and you will be also protected by god]}
Clause 1: jadi asa songon hata ni natua-tua ma dohonon nami mo
difier1: α1 as an independent projecting clause
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483
On the level of the clause lexico-grammatical aspects, the translation process above indicates that it departs from the translation of the verb “dohonon”
as a verbal process into the verb “say” as an equivalent verbal process, after that to the translation of the pronoun “nami” as a sayer into the pronoun “we” as an
equivalent sayer, then to the translation of the noun phrase “hata ni natua-tua” as a target into the noun phrase “the maxim of the elder” as an equivalent target, and
arrives at the translation of the word “songon” as a conjunction into the word “as” as an equivalent conjunction. On the level of clause logical function, the
translation process indicates that an independent clause “α1jadi asa songon hata ni natua-
tua ma dohonon nami” as a projecting clause is translated into an independent clause “α1 we are saying as in the maxim of the elder” as an
equivalent projecting clause. Clause 2:
asa harambir ni si dapotan ma ninna tu napuran ni Parso buran modifier β: “αβ
as an independent locution projected clause
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484
On the level of the clause lexico-grammatical aspects, the translation process above indicates that it departs from the translation of the verb “ma” as a
relational process into the ve rb “is” as an equivalent relational process, after that
to the translation of the noun phrase “harambir ni sidapotan” as a carrier into the noun phrase “the coconut of sidapotan” as an equivalent carrier, and arrives at the
translation of the prepositional phrase “ke sirih dari parsoburan” as an attribute
into the noun phrase “to the betel of the parsoburan” as an equivalent attribute. On the level of clause logical function, the translation process indicates that an
independent clause “αβ asa harambir ni si dapotan ma ninna tu napuran ni Parsoburan” as a expansion enhanced by x[αγ = 1 + β + β] in the projected
clauses is translated into an independent clause “αβ the coconut of the sidapotan is the betel of the parsooburan” as an equivalent expansion enhanced by x[αγ = 1
+ β + β] in the projected clauses. Clause 3:
pininta ni ulaonta nang tangiang nami tu Amanta Debata modifier γ: “αγ as an independent locution projected clause
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485
tu amanta debata
On the level of the clause lexico-grammatical aspects, the translation process above indicates that it begins from the translation of the noun phrase
“pininta ni ulaonta nang tangiang nami” as a carrier is translated into “the hope of our party and our prayer” as an equivalent carrier accompanied with a relevant
relational process “is” to the translation of the prepositional phrase “tu Amanta Debata” as an attribute is translated into the prepositional phrase “to God our
father” as an equivalent attribute. On the level of clause logical function, the trans
lation process indicates that an independent clause “αγpininta ni ulaonta nang tangiang nami tu Amanta Debata” as an expansion enhancing αβ and elaborated
by 1 + β + β in the projected clauses is translated into an independent clause “αγ our party and our pray request to god our father” as an equivalent expansion
enhancing αβ and elaborated by 1 + β + β in the projected clauses. Clause 4:
asa anggiat rumatangga berbahagia hamu head : “ as an independent locution projected clause
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486
On the level of the clause lexico-grammatical aspects, the translation process above indicates that it begins from the translation of the noun phrase
“rumatangga berbahagia” as an attribute into the noun phrase “a happy family” as an equivalent attribute accompanied with the relevant relational process
“may…become” to the translation of the pronoun “hamu” as a carrier into the pronoun “you” as an equivalent carrier. On the level of clause logical function, the
translation process indicates that a dependent clause “ 1 asa anggiat rumatangga berbahagia hamu” as an expansion commenting αγ and extended by + β is
translated into a dependent clause “ 1 may you become a happy family” as an equivalent expansion commenting αγ and extended by + β.
Clause 5: jala tontong marsihaholon
gan modifier 4: “α4 as an independent locution projected clause
On the level of the clause lexico-grammatical aspects, the translation process above indicates that it departs from the translation of the verb
“marsihaholongan” as a mental process into the verb “love” as an equivalent
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487 mental process accompanied with a relevant senser “you” and the relevant
phenomenon “each other”, after that to the translation of the adverb “tontong” as a frequency circumstance into the adverb “always” as an equivalent frequency
circumstance, and arrives at the translation of the word “jala” as the conjunction into the word “and” as an equivalent conjunction. On the level of clause logical
function, the translation process indicates that a dependent clause “+ β jala tont
ong marsihaholongan” as a expansion commenting αγ, extending 1 and extended + γ is translated into an independent clause “+ β and you always love
each other” as an equivalent expansion commenting αγ, extending 1 and extended + γ.
Clause 6: huhut diramoti
Tuhan modifier 5: “α5 as an independent locution projected clause
On the level of the clause lexico-grammatical aspects, the translation process above indicates that it departs from the translation of the verb “diramoti”
as a mental process into the verb phrase “will be protected” as an equivalent mental process accompa
nied with a relevant phenomenon “you”, after that to the translation of the noun “Tuhan” as a senser into the noun “God” as an equivalent
senser, and arrives at the translation of the word “huhut” as a connector into the
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488 word “and” as an equivalent connector. On the level of clause logical function, the
translation process indicates that an independent clause “+ γ huhut diramoti Tuhan” as an expansion commenting αγ and extending β is translated into an
independent clause “+ γ and you will be also protected by god” as an equivalent expansion commenting αγ and extending β.
7 Pattern 7: [α1 x ] “{[αβ] x[αγ +α4 +α5 ]}
The result of the translation process on the projection with an enhancement expansion and enhancement as well as extension expansion in the
projecting clause with the pattern [α1 x ] “{[αβ] x[αγ +α4 +α5 ]}based on the Bottom-up translation approach indicates that there is a translation
equivalence both on the level of the lexico-grammatical aspects and on the level of the clause logical functions between the ST and TT.
Data: 198 04:39
Clause: [α1asa dapot ma x songon nidok ni hata ni natua-tua], “{[αβtubuan lak-lak
dohot sikkoru
5
di dolok ni Purba Tua], x[αγsai tubuan anak dohot boru ma hamu annon +α4dongan muna mai +α5sahat tu na saur matua]}
[α1may it happens, x as said by the maxim of the elder],” {[αβthe tree and the paddy grow at the mount of purba tua], x[αγmay you give birth to sons and
daughters soon, +α4 they will be your friends,+α5 untill you become very old]} Clause 1:
asa dapot ma modifier 1: “α1 as an independent projecting clause
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489
On the level of the clause lexico-grammatical aspects, the translation process above indicates that it begins from the translation of the verb “dapot” as a
behaviora l process into the verb “may…happens” as an equivalent behavioral
process accompanied with pronoun “it” as a behaver. On the level of clause logical function, the translation process indicates that an independent clause “α1
asa dapot ma” as a expansion mannerly enhanced by x in the projecting clause is translated into an independent clause “α1 may it become” as an equivalent
expansion mannerly enhanced by x in the projecting clause. Clause 2:
songon nidok ni hata ni natua- tua modifier β: as a dependent projecting
clause
On the level of the clause lexico-grammatical aspects, the translation process above indicates that it departs from the translation of the verb “nidok” as a
verbal process into the verb “said” as an equivalent verbal process, after that to the translation of the prepositional phrase “ni hata ni umpasa” as a sayer into the
prepositional phrase “by the maxim of the elder” as an equivalent sayer, and
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490 arrives at the translation of the words “songon” as the conjunction into the words
“as” as an equivalent conjunction. On the level of clause logical function, the translation process indicates that an independent clause “x songon nidok ni hata
ni natua- tua” as a expansion mannerly enhancing α1 is translated into an
independent claus e “x as said by the maxim of the elder” as an equivalent
expansion mannerly enhancing α1. Clause 3:
tubuan lak-lak dohot sikkoru
5
di dolok ni Purba Tua modifier γ: “αβ as an independent locution projected cluse
On the level of the clause lexico-grammatical aspects, the translation process above indicates that it departs from the translation of the verb “tubuan” as
a material process into the verb “grow” as an equivalent process, after that to the translation of the noun phrase “laklak dohot sikkoru
5
” as an actor into the noun phrase “the tree and the paddy” as an equivalent actor, and arrives at the
translation of the prepositional phrase “di dolok ni Purba Tua” as the spatial circumstance into the prepositional phrase “at the mount of Purba Tua” as an
equivalent spatial circumstance. On the level of clause logical function, the translation process indicates that an independent clause “αβ tubuan lak-lak dohot
sikkoru
5
di dolok ni Purba Tua” as a expansion causally enhanced by x [αγ +α4
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491 +α5 ] is translated into an independent clause “αβ the tree and the paddy grow at
the mount of purba tua” as an equivalent expansion causally enhanced by x[αγ +α4 +α5 ].
Clause 4: sai tubuan anak dohot boru ma hamu annon head : “αγ as an independent
locution projected cluse
On the level of the clause lexico-grammatical aspects, the translation process above indicates that it departs from the translation of the verb “tubuan” as
a material process into the verb phrase “may…give” as an equivalent material process, aft
er that to the translation of the pronoun “hamu” as an actor into the pronoun “you” as an equivalent actor, then to the translation of the noun phrase
“anak dohot boru” as the goal into the noun phrase “give birth to son and daughters” and arrives at the translation of the adverb “annon” as the temporal
circumstance into the adverb “soon” as an equivalent temporal circumstance. On the level of clause logical function, the translation process indicates that an
independent clause “αγ sai tubuan anak dohot boru ma hamu annon” as a expansion causally enhancing αβ and extended by α4 is translated into an
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492 independent clause “αγ may you have sons and daughters soon” as an equivalent
expansion causally enhancing αβ and extended by α4. Clause 5:
dongan muna mai modi fier 4: α4 as an independent locution projected clause
On the level of the clause lexico-grammatical aspects, the translation process above indicates that it begins from the translation of the noun substitute
“i” as a carrier into the pronoun “they” as an equivalent carrier accompanied by the relevant relational process “will be” to the translation of the noun phrase
“dongan muna” as an attribute into the noun phrase “your friends” as an equivalent attribute. On the level of clause logical function, the translation process
indicates that an independent clause “+α4dongan muna mai” as an expansion causally enhancing αβ and extended by α5 is translated into an independent clause
“+α4 they will be your friends” as an equivalent expansion causally enhancing α2 and extended by α5.
Clause 6: sahat tu na saur matua modifier 5: “ as a dependent locution projected cluse
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493 On the level of the clause lexico-grammatical aspects, the translation
process above indicates that it departs from the translation of the ve rb “tu” as a
relational process into the verb “become” as an equivalent relational process accompanied with a relevant relational process “you”, after that to the translation
of the adjective phrase “saur matua” as an into the adjective phrase “very old” as an equivalent attribute, and arrives at the translation of the word “sahat” as the
conjunction into the word “until” as an equivalent conjunction. On the level of clause logical function, the translation process indicates that an independent
clause “+α5 sahat tu na saur matua” as a expansion causally enhancing α5 and extending α5 is translated into an independent clause “+α5 untill you become very
old” as an equivalent expansion causally enhancing α5 and extending α5.
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CHAPTER VII RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS