401 function, the translation process indicates that an independent clause “α6jala
tontong diramoti Tuhan” as a extending “and” expansion is translated into an
independent clause “and may you be always protected by god” as an equivalent extending “and” expansion.
6.3 Translating Complex Mixed Enhancement Head Pattern 1 Pattern 1: x α =
The result of the translation process on the conditional enhancement and commentary elaboration expansion with a with the pattern x α = based on the
Bottom-up translation approach indicates that there is a translation equivalence both on the level of the lexico-grammatical aspects and on the level of the clause
logical functions between the ST and TT.
Data: 172 04:06
x molo nga dompak hamu Tuhanta, α tontong ma pangido hamu i tu Tuhanta tu angka ari = namangihut
x if you face at God αyou always ask for it to God every day = which come Clause 1:
molo nga dompak hamu Tuhanta modifier: x as a dependent conditional clause
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402 On the level of the clause lexico-grammatical aspects, the translation
process above indicates that it departs from the translation of the v erb “dompak”
as a mental process into the verb “face” as an equivalent mental process, after that to the translation of the pronoun “hamu” as a senser into the pronoun “you” as an
equivalent senser, then to the translation of prepositional phrase “tu Tuhan” into the prepositional phrase “at God”, and arrives at the translation of the word
“molo” as a conjunction into the word “if” as an equivalent conjunction. On the level of clause logical function, the translation process indicates that an
independent cla use “molo nga dompak hamu tu Tuhanta” as a causal enhancing
expansion is translated into an independent clause “x if you face at God” as an equivalent causal enhancing expansion.
Clause 2: tontong ma pangido hamu i tu Tuhanta tu angka ari head: α1 as an independent
clause
On the level of the clause lexico-grammatical aspects, the translation process above indicates that it departs from the translation of the verb “pangido”
as a mental process into the verb “ask for” as an equivalent process, after that to the translation of the pronoun “hamu” as a senser into the pronoun “you” as an
equivalent senser, then to the translation of the noun substitute “i” as a
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403 phenomenon into the noun substitute “that” as an equivalent phenomenon,
afterwards to the transl ating of prepositional phrase “tu tuhan” as a recipient into
the prepositional phrase “to god” as an equivalent recipient. On the level of clause logical function, the translation process indicates that an independent clause
“αtontong ma pangido hamu i tu Tuhanta tu angka ari” as an enhanced expansion is translated into an independent clause “αyou always ask for it to God to every
day” as an equivalent enhanced expansion. Clause 3:
namangihut modifier: = as a dependent commentary elaboration clause
On the level of the clause lexico-grammatical aspects, the translation process above indicates that it is the translation of the verb “mangihut” as a
behavioral process into the verb “comes” as an equivalent behavioral process accompanied with a relevant relative pronoun. On the level of clause logical
function, the translation process indicates that an independent clause “= namangihut” as an elaborating expansion specifying α is translated into an
independent clause “= which comes” as an equivalent elaborating expansion specifying α.
2 Pattern 2: [x1 2] x[x3 4 +5]
The result of the translation process on the mixed between the causal
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404 enhancement and the conditional enhancement with a with the pattern [x1 2]
x[x3 4 +5] based on the Bottom-up translation approach indicates that there is a translation equivalence both on the level of the lexico-grammatical aspects and
on the level of the clause logical functions between the ST and TT.
Data: 154 25:10
Clause: x1asa tinampul ma bulung ni salak
4
, 2mangihut ma batang ni sikkoru
5
, 3tangiang nami saluhutna hami hula-hula mu tu hamu ianangkon nami, 4sai tibuma hamu
mangabing anak, 5huhut mangompa boru x1to cut off the leaf of salak
4
, 2the stem of sikkoru
5
follows 3the prayer of all of us your brother-in-laws is for you our brother-in-laws 4may you knee sons soon
5and carry daughters Clause 1:
asa tinampul ma bulung ni salak
4
modifier 1: α1 as an independent clause
On the level of the clause lexico-grammatical aspects, the translation process above indicates that it begins from the translation of the verb “tinampul”
as a material process into the verb “cut off” as an equivalent process, after that to the translation of the noun phrase “bulung ni salak
4
” as a goal into the noun phrase “the leaf of salak
4
” as an equivalent goal. On the level of clause logical
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405 function, the translation process indicates that an independent clause “x1asa
tinampul ma bulung ni salak
4
” as a causally enhancing expansion is translated into an independent clause “x1as to cut off the leaf of salak
4
” as an equivalent causally enhancing expansion.
Clause 2: mangihut ma batang ni sikkoru
5
modifier β: αβ as an independent causal enhancement clause
On the level of the clause lexico-grammatical aspects, the translation process above indicates that it begins from the translation of the “mangihut” as a
material process into the verb “follow” as an equivalent process to the translation of the noun phrase “batang ni sikkoru
5
” as an actor into the “the stem of sikkoru
5
” as an equivalent actor. On the level of clause logical function, the translation
process indicates that an independent clause “βmangihut ma batang ni sikkoru
5
” as a causally enhanced expansion is translated into
an independent clause “βThe stem of sikkoru
5
is also cut off” as an equivalent causal enhanced expansion. Clause 3:
tangiang nami saluhutna hami hula-hula mu tu hamu ianangkon nami modifier γ: αγ as an independent causal enhancement clause
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406
On the level of the clause lexico-grammatical aspects, the translation process above indicates that it starts from the translation of the noun phrase
“tangiang nami saluhutna hami hula-hula” as a carrier into the noun phrase “the prayer of all of us your brother-in-
laws” as an equivalent carrier accompanied with the relevant relation process “is” to the translation of the prepositional phrase
“tu hamu ianongkon nami” as an attribute into the prepositional phrase “for you our brother-in-
laws” as an equivalent attribute. On the level of clause logical function, the translation process indicates that an independent clause “γtangiang
nami saluhutna hami hula- hula mu tu hamu ianangkon nami” as a conditional
elaborating expansion is translated into an independent clause “γthe prayer of all of us your brother-in-laws is for you our brother-in-
laws” as an equivalent conditional elaborating expansion.
Clause 4: sai tibuma hamu mangabing anak head: 1 as a dependent commentary
elaboration clause
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On the level of the clause lexico-grammatical aspects, the translation process above indicates that it departs from the translation of the verb
“mangabing” as a material process into the verb “knee” as an equivalent material process, after that to the translation of the pronoun “hamu” as an actor into the
pronoun “you” as an equivalent actor, then to the translation of the noun “anak” as a goal into the noun “sons” as an equivalent goal, and arrives at the translation of
the adverb “tibu” as a temporal circumstance into the adverb “soon” as an equivalent temporal circumstance. On the level of clause logical function, the
translation process indicates that an independent clause “4sai tibuma hamu mangabing anak” as an conditionally elaborating expansion is translated into an
independent clause “4may you knee sons soon” as an equivalent conditionally
elaborating expansion. Clause 5:
huhut mangompa boru modifier 4: β as a dependent extension “and” clause
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408 On the level of the clause lexico-grammatical aspects, the translation
process above indicates that it departs from the translation of the verb “mangompa” as a material process into the verb “carry” as an equivalent material
process, after that to the translation of the noun “boru” as a goal into the noun “daughter” as an equivalent goal, and arrives at the translation of the word
“huhut” as a conjunction into the word “and” as an equivalent conjunction. On the level of clause logical function, the translation process indicates that an
independent clause “5huhut mangompa boru” as an extending “and” expansion is translated into an independent clause “and carry daughters” as an equivalent
extending “and” expansion.
3 Pattern 3: 1 x2 +3 +4
The result of the translation process on the mixed between the causal enhancement and the
extension “and” with the pattern 1 xβ +γ +4 based on the Bottom-up translation approach indicates that there is a translation equivalence
both on the level of the lexico-grammatical aspects and on the level of the clause logical functions between the ST and TT.
Data 219 03:30
Clause: 1hariara silua antong di harangan sitangga, x2horas ma +3hamu martua,
+4songoni ma huhut hami namaribebere 1the oak tree is in the forest of sitangga, x2 may you be healthy, +3 may you be
lucky, +4 and may we, your uncle, be
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409 Clause 1:
hariara silua antong di harangan sitangga
On the level of the clause lexico-grammatical aspects, the translation process above indicates that it begins from the translation of the compound noun
“hariara silua” as a carrier into the noun phrase “the oak tree” as an equivalent carrier accompanied with a relevant relational process “is” to the translation of the
prepositional phrase “di harangan ni sitangga” as an attribute into the prepositional phrase “in the forest of sitangga” as an equivalent attribute. On the
level of clause logical function, the translation process indicates that an independent clause “1hariara silua antong di harangan sitangga” as an enhanced
expansion is translated into an independent clause “1the oak tree is in the forest of sitangga” as an equivalent enhanced expansion.
Clause 2: horas ma
On the level of the clause lexico-grammatical aspects, the translation process above indicates that it is the translation of the adjective “horas” as an
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410 attribute accompanied wit
h the relevant relational process “may...be” and the relevant carrier “you”. On the level of clause logical function, the translation
process indicates that an independent clause “βhoras ma” as an extended expansion causally enhancing 1 is translated into
an independent clause “βmay you be healthy” as an equivalent extended expansion causally extending 1.
Clause 3: hamu martua
On the level of the clause lexico-grammatical aspects, the translation process above indicates that it begins from the translation of the adjective
“martua” as an attribute accompanied with the relevant relational process “may...be” to the translation of the pronoun “hamu” as a carrier into the pronoun
“you” as an equivalent carrier. On the level of clause logical function, the tran
slation process indicates that an independent clause “+γhamu martua” as an expansion extending 2 and causally enhancing 1 is translated into an independent
clause “+γmay you be lucky” as an equivalent expansion extending β and causally enhancing 2.
Clause 4: songoni ma huhut hami namaribebere
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On the level of the clause lexico-grammatical aspects, the translation process above indicates that it departs from the translation of the pronoun “hami”
as a carrier into the pronoun “we” as an equivalent carrier, after that to the translation of the noun additive “maribebere” as a carrier additive into the noun
phrase “your uncle” as an equivalent carrier additive accompanied with the relevant relational process “may...be” to the translation of the word “songoni” as a
conjunction into the word “and” as an equivalent conjunction. On the level of clause logical function, the translation process indicates that an independent
clause “+songoni ma huhut hami namaribebere” as an expansion extending γ and causally enhancing
1 is translated into an independent clause “+4and may we, your uncle, be” as an equivalent expansion extending γ and causally enhancing 1.
4 Pattern 4: α1 x[αβ +αγ = 1 + β + γ = ]
The result of the translation process on the hypotactic causal enhancement head mixed with extension “and” and commentary elaboration with the pattern α1
x[αβ +αγ = 1 + β + γ = ] based on the Bottom-up translation approach indicates that there is a translation equivalence both on the level of the lexico-
grammatical aspects and on the level of the clause logical functions between the ST and TT.
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Data: 228 01:17
Clause: α1sada kebanggan, x[αβparumaen mu nga di son, +αγhelam nga di san,
= 1lengkap + βlaho mangkawal amang boru, + γmambaen = sabar roha ni amang boru]
α1it is a prestige, x[αβyour daughter-in-law is here, +αγyour son-in-law is there, = 1they are ready + βto guard my brother-in-law, + γ to make =
your heart becomes patient] Clause 1:
sada kebanggan head: α1 as an independent clause
On the level of the clause lexico-grammatical aspects, the translation process above indicates that it is the translation of the noun phrase “sada
kebanggaan” as an attribute accompanied with a relevant carrier “it” and the relevant relational process “is”. On the level of clause logical function, the
translation process indicates that an independent clause “α1 sada kebanggan” as an enhanced expansion is translated into an independent clause “α1it is a prestige”
as an equivalent enhanced expansion. Clause 2:
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413 parumaen mu nga di son modifier 1: αβ as an independent causal enhancement
caluse
On the level of the clause lexico-grammatical aspects, the translation process above indicates that it departs from the translation of the verb be “nga” as
a relatio nal process into the verb be “is” as an equivalent relational process, after
that to the translation of the noun phrase “parumaen mu” as a carrier into the noun phrase “your daughter-in-law” as an equivalent carrier, and arrives at the
translation of the prepositional phrase “di son” as an attribute into the
prepositional phrase “in here” as an equivalent attribute. On the level of clause logical function, the translation process indicates that an independent clause
“αβparumaen mu nga di son” as an expansion causally enhancing α1 is translated into an independent clause “αβyour daughter-in-law is here” as an equivalent
expansion causally enhancing αβ. Clause 3:
helam nga di san modifier β: αγ as an independent causal enhancement caluse
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414 On the level of the clause lexico-grammatical aspects, the translation
process above indicates that it begins from the translation of the noun phrase “hela m” as a carrier into the noun phrase “your son-in-law” as an equivalent carrier
accompanied with a relevant relation al process “is” to the translation of the
prepositional phrase “di san” as an attribute into the adverb “there” as an equivalent attribute. On the level of clause logical function, the translation process
indicates that an independent clause “αγhelam nga di san” as a expansion extending αβ and causally enhanching α1 is translated into an independent clause
“αγyour son-in-law is there” as an equivalent expansion extending αβ and causally enhanching α1.
Clause 4: lengkap modifier γ: 1 as a dependent commentary elaboration clause
On the level of the clause lexico-grammatical aspects, the translation process above indicates that it is the translation of the adjective “lengkap” as an
attribute accompanied with a relevant pronoun “they” as a carrier and a relevant verb be “are” as relational process. On the level of clause logical function, the
translation process indicates that an independent clause “ 1lengkap” as an elaboration expansion commenting αβ and αγ is translated into an independent
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415 clause “ 1they are ready” as an equivalent elaboration expansion commenting αβ
and αγ. Clause 5:
laho mangkawal amang boru modifier 4: β as a dependent commentary elaboration clause
On the level of the clause lexico-grammatical aspects, the translation process above indicates that it begins from the translation of the verb
“mangkawal” as a material process into the verb “guard” as an equivalent materiaal process to the translation of the noun phrase “amang boru” as a goal to
the noun phrase “my brother-in-law” as a goal. On the level of clause logical function, the translation process indicates that an independent clause “ βlaho
mangkawal amang boru” as a elaboration expansion commenting αβ and αγ and extending 1 is translated into an independent clause “ βto guard my brother-in-
law” as an equivalent as a elaboration expansion commenting αβ and αγ and extending 1.
Clause 6: mambaen modifier 5: γ as a dependent commentary elaboration clause
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On the level of the clause lexico-grammatical aspects, the translation process above indicates t
hat it is the translation of the verb “mambahen” as a mental process into the verb “to make” as an equivalent mental process. On the
level of clause logical function, the translation process indicates that an independent clause “ γmambaen” as a expansion extending β is translated into
an independent clause “ γto make” as an equivalent expansion extending β. Clause 7:
sabar roha ni amang boru modifier 6: as a dependent commentary elaboration clause
On the level of the clause lexico-grammatical aspects, the translation process above indicates that it begins from the translation of the adjective “sabar”
as an attribute into the adjective “patient” as an attribute accompanied with a relevant relational process “become” to the translation of the noun phrase “roha ni
amang boru” as an attribute into the noun phrase “your heart” as an equivalent attribute. On the level of clause logical function, the translation process indicates
that an independent clause “ sabar roha ni amang boru” as an elaboration
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ion commenting γ is translated into an independent clause “ your heart becomes patient” as an equivalent elaboration expansion commenting γ.
5 Pattern 5: x 1 α x β
The result of the translation process on the mixed of a hypotactic causal enhancenmen
t with a hypotactic temporal enhancement with the pattern x 1 α x β based on the Bottom-up translation approach indicates that there is a
translation equivalence both on the level of the lexico-grammatical aspects and on the level of the clause logical functions between the ST and TT.
Data: 146 23:5.5
Clause: x 1alana molo dung dos tu Jahoba Debata hata mu di pardalanan ni ruma
tanggai, αpos rohamu x βdinamengarungi gelombang di ruma tanggai x 1if your minds are the same to God the Almighty in the journey of your family
αyour heart believes βto tackle the problem in your family Clause 1:
alana molo dung dos tu Jahoba Debata hata mu di pardalanan ni ruma tanggai head: x as a dependent conditional enhancement clause
alana molo dung dos tu Jahoba Debata hata mu
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418 di pardalanan ni ruma tanggai
On the level of the clause lexico-grammatical aspects, the translation process above indicates that it departs from the translation of the verb be “dung”
as a relational process into the verb be “are” as an equivalent relational process, after that to the translation of the noun phrase “hata mu” as a carrier into the noun
phrase “your mind” as an equivalent carrier, then to the translation of the prepositional phrase “tu Debata” as an attribute into the propositional phrase “to
God” and arrives at the translation of the prepositional phrase “di pardalanan ni rumatangga i” as a spatial circumstance into the prepositional phrase “in the
journey of your family” as an equivalent spatial circumstance. On the level of clause logical function, the translation process indicates that an independent
clause “x 1alana molo dung dos tu Jahoba Debata hata mu di pardalanan ni ruma tanggai” as a expansion causally enhanching α is translated into an independent
clause x 1if your minds are the same to God the Almighty in the journey of your family” as an equivalent expansion α.
Clause 2: pos rohamu head: αas an independent clause
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On the level of the clause lexico-grammatical aspects, the translation process above indicates t
hat it begins from the translation of the verb “pos” as a mental process into the verb “believe” as an equivalent mental process to the
translation of the noun phrase “roha mu” as a senser into the noun phrase “your heart” as an equivalent senser. On the level of clause logical function, the
translation process indicates that an independent clause “α pos rohamu” as an expansion enhanced by x 1 is translated into an independent clause “αyour heart
believes” as an equivalent expansion enhanced by x 1. Clause 3:
dinamengarungi gelombang di ruma tanggai modifier: x as a temporal enhancement clause
On the level of the clause lexico-grammatical aspects, the translation process above indicates that it departs from the translation of the verb
“dinamengarungi” as a mental process into the verb “to tackle” as an equivalent mental process, after that to the translation of the noun “gelombang” as a
phenomenon into the noun phrase “the problem” as an equivalent phenomenon,
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420 and arrives at the translation of the prep
ositional phrase “di rumatangga i” as a spatial circumstance into the prepositional phrase “in your family” as an
equivalent spatial circumstance. On the level of clause logical function, the translation process indicates that an independent clause “x βdinamengarungi
gelombang di ruma tanggai” as a expansion enhanching x β is translated into an independent clause “x βto tackle the problem in your family” as an equivalent
expansion enhanching x β.
6 Pattern 6: x α1 +αβ
The result of the translation process on the causal enhancement mixed with a temporal enhancement with a with the pattern x α1 +αβ based on the
Bottom-up translation approach indicates that there is a translation equivalence both on the level of the lexico-grammatical aspects and on the level of the clause
logical functions between the ST and TT.
Data: 174 04:15
Clause: x tung songoni pe tipis dohot hapalna, α1ba lasma roha ni badan muna +αβlas
ma rohani tondimuna x although the thinness and the thickness of this ulos
8
are so α1may you be happy x +αβmay your spirit be happy
Clause 1: tung songoni pe tipis dohot hapalna modifier: x as a dependent concessive
enhancement
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On the level of the clause lexico-grammatical aspects, the translation process above indicates that it departs from the translation of the adjective
“songoni” as an attribute into the adjective “so” as an equivalent attribute accompanied with a relevant relational process “are”, after that to the translation
of the noun phrase “tipis dohot hapalna” as a carrier into the noun phrase “the thinness and the thickness of this ulos
8
” as an equivalent carrier, and arrives at the translation of the word “tung” as a conjunction into the word “although” as an
equivalent conjunction. On the level of clause logical function, the translation process indicates that an independent clause “x tung songoni pe tipis dohot
hapalna” as a expansion causally enhancing x α1 +αβ is translated into an independent clause “x although the thinness and the thickness of this ulos
8
are so” as an equivalent expansion causally enhancing α1 +αβ.
Clause 2: ba lasma roha ni badan muna head:α1 as an independent clause
On the level of the clause lexico-grammatical aspects, the translation process above indicates that it begins from the translation of the adjective “las” as
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422 an attribute into the adjective “happy” as an equivalent attribute accompanied with
a relevant rela tional process “may...be”, to the translation of the noun phrase
“roha ni badan muna” as a senser into the pronoun “you” as an equivalent senser. On the level of clause logical function, the translation process indicates that an
independent clause “α1ba lasma roha ni badan muna” as a expansion causally enhanced by x and extended by αβ is translated into an independent clause
“α1may you be happy” as an equivalent expansion causally extended by x and extended by +αβ.
Clause 3: las ma rohani tondi muna hea
d:αβ as an independent extension “and” clause
On the level of the clause lexico-grammatical aspects, the translation process above indicates that it begins from the translation of the adjective “las” as
an attribute into the adjective “happy” as an attribute to the translation of the noun phrase “roha ni tondi muna” as a carrier into the noun phrase “your spirit” as an
equivalent attribute. On the level of clause logical function, the translation process indicates that an independent clause “+αβlas ma rohani tondi muna” as a
expansion causally enhanced by x and extending α1 is translated into an independent clause “+αβmay your spirit be happy” as an equivalent expansion
causally enhanced by x and extending α1.
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6.4 Translating Paratactic Complex Mixed Locution Head 1 Pattern 1: “{[1 =β] x[xxγ 4 5 =6]}
