Data Analisis Research Method
3. Result and Discussion
The average of bone calcium level was gained from the measurement of bone calcium level in rats Rattus norvegicus Sprague‐Dawley strain ovariectomized model. Those rats were given the teraphy of etanolic extract of seeds of pumpkin C moschata and measured of bone calcium level with AAS methods. The result is shown in Table . Table 1.The average of bone calcium level. No Group Bone calcium level + SD . Normal 8. + . . OVX . + . . OVX‐Estradiol . + . . OVX‐ECM mgkg BW . + .88 . OVX‐ECM mgkg BW 8. ± . . OVX‐ECM mgkg BW 8. 8 ± . Ovariectomy is a process to take away the ovarium in order to make the model rats become menopause. The assumption is that after the ovariectomy, the rats will experience the decreasing of estrogen hormone and it is similar to the hormone deficiency in menopause women. The decreasing of the estrogen hormone after the ovariectomy because the ovarium as the hormone producer is alredy been removed. The decreasing of estrogen hormone in the animal model is proven by artiningsih et al., who explains that the ovariectomy in rats can decrease drastically the estrogen hormone level, so the condition is similar to menopause. The bone calcium level is different between normal group and OVX group. The normal rat treatment group is the groups that have normal ovarium and they still produce estrogen endogen hormone. The average of bone calcium level at the normal group is 8. , and it is higher than OVX group, . . Although the difference is not significant based on the statistic analysis. The decreasing of bone calcium in the OVX group is to prove that that estrogen deficiency in the ovariectomy rats also decrease the bone calcium level Nurrochmad et al., also state the same result . Estrogen endogen deficiency in the menopause women can lead to the increasing of osteoclastogenesis process and the loss of bone mass. n order to keep the estrogen balance, menopause women need to get substitute for the estrogen hormone. Estrogen intake can increase the apoptosis of osteoclasts as it hinders the formation of cytokine that can stimulate the osteoclasts differentiation L‐ , L‐ , dan TNF‐α . Besides, the estrogen intake can also stimulates the osteoprotegerin OPG expression and TGF‐β Transforming Growth Factor‐β from the osteoblast and stroma cells, so the process can hamper bone resorption NOS, ; Kennedy et al., 8 . t is in line with the result of calcium level in OVX‐Estradiol, which get the Estradiol therapy. The average of the calcium level is . and it is higher than the OVX group. The administration of ECM , and 8 mgkg BB effectively prevented OVX‐ induced lowering calcium bone level. ECM is phytoestrogens from seed C.moschata agent containing isoflavones types of phenolic glycosides. Phytoestrogens have two hydroxyl O . O group that is the basic structure of a substrate in order to have estrogenic effects, so it is able to bind to estrogen receptors. The chemical structure of phytoestrogens have similar chemical structure to estrogen in mammals. soflavones are 29 phenolic ring on important structures in the majority of isoflavone components which serve to bind to the receptor estrogen artiningsih,et al., . The mechanism of bone resorption which is mediated by osteoclast will damage the bone mineral crystals ligament that have the form of calcium phosphatase with the collagen matrix. The interaction of osteoclast with the bone surface during the process of resorption not only release some acids for example citrit acid, lactat acid from the mitochondria and secretory vesicles, but also release the hydrogen ions through carbonic anhidrase dan vacuolar ATPase pompa proton channel. This condition creates acidic environment at the resorptive pit that cause the damage on the bone matrix. Osteoblast cells have a role to secret the bone matrix component like collagen and proteoglycan. Collagen has function to give strength to matrix and binding the bone mineral salt. Proteoglycan has function to deposite the bone mineral artiningsih,et al., Calcium and phosphate salts are deposited on the surface of the bone maker cells as the non‐crystal compound which then are converted into hydroxyapatite [Ca PO O ] of the bone major crystal salt. The function of hydroxyapatite is to keep the ion and give strength to the bone. Some hydroxyapatites stay in the form of non‐crystal to fascilitate the fast absorption when needed Prabowo, et al, The averages of bone calcium level from the treatment rat group of OVX‐ECM ; ; are . ; 8. , 8. 8 respectively. The averages are higher than OVX and OVX‐Estradiol groups. The intakes of C moschata seeds extract for days give effect to the increasing of the calcium level but it was not statistically significant. This effect seems to be proestrogenic compound, which suppress bone resorption by directly acting on estrogen receptor in bone sites.4. Conclusions
The administration of ethanolic extract of seeds of pumpkin Cucurbita moschata doses ; ; and mgkg BW during days increase the bone calcium level in the ovariectomized rats. According to the statistical data, there was no significant differences among the treatment groups. Acknowledgements A sincere appreciation to the Research Grant of Directorate General of igher Education Ministry of Research, Technology and igher Education Republic of ndonesia which have funded this research. References Arts J. Kuiper GG. Janssen JM, Guatafsson JA, Lowik CW, Pols A, van Leeuwen JP. . Differential expression of estrogen receptors alpha and beta mRNA during differentiation of human osteoblast SV‐FO cells. Endocrinology. 8 : ‐ . Departemen Kesehatan Republik ndonesia. 8 . Osteoporosis Control Guidelines Pedoman Pengendalian Osteoporosis . Keputusan Menteri Kesehatan Republik ndonesia No. MENKESSKX 8 : ‐ .Parts
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