Conclusion Introduction Data and Methods
3. Results and Discussions
A method to recognize hail by using combination of radar reflectivity and cloud‐ top temperature had been proposed in Auer, . According to this method, threshold of CAPP reflectivity Z T for hail as a function of cloud‐top temperature T top is given by equation . Optimum threshold for this equation varies between and dBZ for cloud‐top temperatures between − and − °C. . 8. 8 . ° . . 8.8 ° ail occurence in Cimahi city, west region of Bandung, was investigated using this method. Black body temperature T bb data of imawari 8 satellite was presented as cloud‐top temperature data as shown in Fig. . This data reveals that cloud with top temperature around ‐ °C appears during hail occurence which indicates strong convective process. Z T value of this temperature is . dBZ. Figure . Temperature Black Body T bb data of imawari‐8 satellite at 8: UTC. 3 Figure . Reflectivity in CAPP by C‐Band weather radar at . dan . km. Observation data by C‐band weather radar at constant altitute of . and . km were presented to confirm imawari 8 data. Both radar and satellite data confirm high reflectivity above dBZ at 8: UTC but with slightly different location of west Bandung region. Whereas colocation data of both radar and satellite reveals reflectivity 37 threshold of . ‐ . 8 dBZ in that region. Since cloud top temperature in the colocation area is below ‐ °C, it can be concluded as hail occurence. 38 Figure . Precipitation evolution from the LWR observation data. C‐Band weather radar data indicated that high reflectivity is detected in west Bandung region. LWR also observed high reflectivity in similar location. Time frame images of both radar showed similar time period of high reflectivity between . until 8. UTC. Thus, according to both radars, hail occured for about hour minutes. owever, the shape of the reflectivity area from both radar are different, this is due to different specification of both radar and also scan method. By using time sequential images as outlined in Fig. , it can be observed that the growth of the heavy precipitation including hail started at . 8 UTC, continued to grow at 8. UTC, and then dispersed at 8. 8 UTC. Observed LWR reflectivity data is much lower than C‐band weather radar results for similar target due to its low power and wide beamwidth. n this regard, kW LWR measurement data has been calibrated using kW X‐band weather radar Nugroho, . According to the calibration results, LWR reflectivity which equal to the X‐band radar reflectivity is given by . 8 ln . By using equation , calibration result of dBZ reflectivity in LWR data which has ,8 of ADC count is 8. dBZ, slightly higher then . dBZ of C‐band radar reflectivity. Both radar data confirm hail occurence since minimum reflectivity that confirm hail by radar is dBZ Auer, .4. Conclusion
ail occurence during heavy precipitation in March , has been investigated using developed LWR. Black body temperature Tbb data of imawari 8 satellite and images data of C‐band weather radar data are presented to verify hail detection of theParts
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