Barrier for Dissemination of Digital Textbooks

11 5.3. Participative digital textbook Communicative functions for the teachers’ edition have emerged. This allows teachers to upload their photo into a cloud, and the system arranges data in a service site with positioning data of GPS The Education Newspaper, . n addition, the function of collection of learning history, cloud computing, collaborative learning, and automated disaster alert are in the trial stage JAPET, ; NTT Communications Co., ; however, these are not ready to be standard because of security reasons Uchida Yoko Co., Ltd, .

6. Final Remarks

t is known that the media has no effect on student outcomes. Student outcomes involve the quality of the curriculum materials, instructional method, and student learning preferences Western nterstate Commission for igher Education, . For instance, we know that car navigation systems are convenient. While, we could still reach our destination with a paper map, the media decreases our stress and lets us focus on driving. Similarly, digital textbooks offer the same influence—they allow students to focus on learning. Acknowledgment This study was developed based on our report at the Seventh nternational e‐ Learning Conference organized by Ministry of Education, Thailand on 8th July, Yoshida, M. and Takano, T., . References Asahi nteractive, nc. . Ministry of education, culture, sports, science and technology will introduce digital textbook by placing the burden on a guardian. Retrieved from http:goo.glE8 bE mpress Corporation. . News: Problems and future of digital textbook. From the symposium of the association of digital textbook teaching. Retrieved from http:goo.glhzJ QO JAPET. . nvestigational study on using advanced CT in educational area, pp. . Tokyo: Japan Association for Promotion of Educational Technology. Kobayashi, N., Kato, N. . A model of digital textbooks for learners. For the activity writing in textbook and the problem of official approval. PSJ SG Technical Report, ‐CE‐ , ‐8. Kyoiku Katei Shinbun Co. , July . To master formulation competence through difficult exercise of mathematics, Kyoiku Katei Shinbun, p. . MEXT. . Major items of the budget request plan for fiscal year. Tokyo: MEXT Retrieved from http:goo.gl hftU8. MEXT. . Summary of points of discussion for midterm report, Retrieved May 8, , from http:goo.gl rwWuN National nstitute for Educational Policy Research. . nvestigation of situation for installation and use of digital materials. Retrieved from Tokyo: https:goo.gls 8Z x Nikkei nc. . Digital textbook will be introduced in . Expert committee proposed a plan. Retrieved from http:goo.glGv Rf NTT Communications Co. . Outline of the tryout project regarding learning and educational system to use advanced information and communication system technology such as cloud. NTT Communications Co. Tokyo. 117 Takano, T. . Present and future view of digital textbook. Activities of Tokyo‐Shoseki Co., LTD. Computer and Education, , ‐ . Takano, T. Situation of dissemination of digital textbooknterviewer: M. Yoshida. Tamura, Y. . Status of digital textbooks. Journal of nformation Processing and Management, , ‐ . Textbook Publishers Association of Japan. . Present situation and issues of digital textbook. Retrieved from http:goo.glikGwai Tokyo Shoseki Co., Ltd. . ntroduction of textbook and syllabus. ntroduction of textbook AR. Retrieved from https:goo.glWGaEku The Education Newspaper. , May . Participative digital textbook. Allowing teachers to upload their photos to Web. The Education Newspaper. Retrieved from https:www.kyobun.co.jpeducation‐ict _ Uchida Yoko Co., Ltd. . nvestigational study to promote effective use of CT in education areas. from http:goo.glc g ef. Western nterstate Commission for igher Education. . No significant difference. Retrieved May , , from http:goo.glg W Yoshida, M. Takano, T. . Overview of Digital Textbooks in Japan, Paper presented at The Seventh nternational e‐Learning Conference . Disruptive nnovations in Education, July 8‐ th Presentation on 8th , at Bangkok nternational Trade and Exhibition Center: Bangkok, Thailand, Program P. . Joint Scientific Symposium IJJSS 2016 Chiba, 20‐24 November 2016 118 Topic: Education An Inquiry into the Meaning‐Making Process of Japanese Learning in Higher Educational Institution in Indonesia Fatmawati Djafri Waseda University Graduate School of International Culture and Communication Studies, 1 ‐6‐1 Nishiwaseda, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169‐8050, Japan Abstract Over the past ten years, ndonesia has become one of the countries in the world with significant increasing number of Japanese learners. The recent survey of Japanese education overseas conducted by Japan Foundation in pointed out ndonesia as the country with the second largest Japanese learners after China. t indicates the indisputable fact that Japanese has become a language of considerable significance in foreign language education in ndonesia. Furthermore, the growing bilateral cooperation and the spread of Japanese pop cultures also give a great influence. Many young people, especially in high schools, are motivated to study Japanese and eager to continue their study to higher educational institutions. n accordance with it, many Japanese departments were established in universities across the country. This paper discussed two studies conducted in an ndonesian university to explore affective factors constituted in the meaning‐making process of Japanese learning in higher educational context. The first study was conducted using quantitative method to examine foreign language anxiety and its relation to motivation and learners’ perception of teachers’ behaviours among learners of five foreign language majors, namely Japanese, Korean, Arabic, French, and English. Results indicate Japanese learners tend to have higher anxiety associated with classroom procedures. The second study was conducted using narrative inquiry to investigate the process of motivational change among Japanese learners. These studies proposed some key roles Japanese department as a higher educational institution plays in fostering global human resources. The implications provide important insights into foreign language education planning in ndonesia. Keywords higher educational institution; Japanese learners; foreign language anxiety; motivational change; meaning‐making.

1. Background

Surveys on Japanese language education overseas conducted by The Japan Foundation since has always shown constant increase of Japanese language learners in ndonesia. Particularly since s, there was a rapid growth of Japanese learners, from 8 , learners in to , learners in Furukawa, Kitani, Nunoo, Corresponding author. Tel.: +8 ‐8 ‐ ‐ 8 . E‐mail address: fatmawati.djafriakane.waseda.jp