Result of The Module Development and Discussion

228 Table . The table shows modules output voltage at different loads: a = A, b = A,_ c = A, d = A, _ e = A, and f = A at room temperature of C. Four A G diodes were placed in series and the whole onboard circuit resistance was around . ohm. The values were read when the module was operating for minutes. The current supply to the module was cut for minutes before doing the next operation. The junctions of the cables were kept untouched during the whole measurement process to ensure physical consistency. Test No. Load Current A nput Voltage V Output Voltage V Test No. Load Current A nput Voltage V Output Voltage V 1 1 18.3 12.79 1 2 18.3 12.39 2 1 18.3 12.79 2 2 18.3 12.40 3 1 18.3 12.80 3 2 18.3 12.40 4 1 18.3 12.80 4 2 18.3 12.40 1 18.3 12.80 2 18.3 12.40 1 18.3 12.80 2 18.3 12.40 7 1 18.3 12.80 7 2 18.3 12.40 8 1 18.3 12.80 8 2 18.3 12.40 9 1 18.3 12.80 9 2 18.3 12.40 10 1 18.3 12.81 10 2 18.3 12.40 Averaged output voltage = 12.80 Averaged output voltage = 12.40 a b Test No. Load Current A nput Voltage V Output Voltage V Test No. Load Current A nput Voltage V Output Voltage V 1 3 18.3 12.01 1 4 18.3 11.81 2 3 18.3 12.01 2 4 18.3 11.82 3 3 18.3 12.02 3 4 18.3 11.82 4 3 18.3 12.02 4 4 18.3 11.82 3 18.3 12.02 4 18.3 11.82 3 18.3 12.02 4 18.3 11.82 7 3 18.3 12.02 7 4 18.3 11.82 8 3 18.3 12.02 8 4 18.3 11.82 9 3 18.3 12.02 9 4 18.3 11.82 10 3 18.3 12.02 10 4 18.3 11.82 Averaged output voltage = 12.02 Averaged output voltage = 11.82 _ c d Test No. Load Current A nput Voltage V Output Voltage V Test No. Load Current A nput Voltage V Output Voltage V 1 18.34 11. 9 1 18.34 11.41 2 18.34 11. 0 2 18.34 11.42 3 18.34 11. 0 3 18.34 11.42 4 18.34 11. 0 4 18.34 11.42 18.34 11. 0 18.34 11.42 18.34 11. 0 18.34 11.42 7 18.34 11. 0 7 18.34 11.42 8 18.34 11. 0 8 18.34 11.42 9 18.34 11. 0 9 18.34 11.42 10 18.34 11. 0 10 18.34 11.42 Averaged output voltage = 11. 0 Averaged output voltage = 11.42 _ e f The module has been installed onto the eCar successfully and the eCar is currently in normal operations as usual. Several machine maintenance activities have been also carried out and there has been no trouble with the module this far.

229

8. Conclusions

The drop voltage values of a A G diode for different forward current values have been measured in this work. A simple voltage adapter module has been then developed using four diodes that are placed in series. The output voltage of the module is not stable, it decreases when the load current increases. owever the module still fits the need. The module offers less physical complexity and therefore is expected to reduce the chance of unintended electrical incident during its installation and maintenance. The extra advantage includes the fact that the module can be developed faster, easier and less costly. References Andreiciks, A. et al. . Design of Current Source DCDC Converter for nterfacing a kw Pem Fuel Cell”. Latvian Journal of Physics and Technical Sciences, Vol. No. , pp. ‐ . Republic of Latvia. Babaei, E. and amed, M. M. . Mathematical Modelling and Analysis of Transient and Steady States of Buck DC‐DC Converter in DCM. COMPELl ‐ The nternational Journal for Computation and Mathematics in Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Vol. No. , pp. ‐ . UK. Bai, . et al. . Design of an kW Power Factor Correction and kW ZVS DCDC Converter for a igh‐efficiency Battery Charger in Electric Vehicles. ET Power Electronics, Vol. , No. , pp. ‐ . nstitution of Engineering Technology, UK. Chan‐Soo, L. et al. . A Low‐power CMOS DC‐DC Buck Converter with On‐chip Stacked Spiral nductor. Microelectronics nternational Vol. 8, No. , pp. 8‐ . Emerald, UK. Datasheet . A G ‐ A G . AMPS Glass Passivated Rectifiers. Taiwan Semiconductor, Taiwan. Accessed on February st , . Fang, K. et al. . Design of a Step‐down DC‐DC Converter ASC Applied to Portable Electronic Products. Applied Mechanics and Materials, Vol. , pp. . . Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland. ansen, J. and ill, J. . Switching Regulator Charges NiM Batteries. EDN, Vol. , No. , pp. ‐ . USA. skender, . et al. . DSP Microcontroller‐based Fuzzy Control of a DCDC Parallel Resonant Converter Using Phase‐shift PWM Technique”, COMPEL ‐ The nternational Journal for Computation and Mathematics in Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Vol. No. , pp. 8 ‐8 . UK. Kondrath, N. Kazimierczuk, M. K. . Characteristics and Applications of Silicon Carbide Power Devices in Power Electronics. ntl Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications Vol. , No. , pp. ‐ . Warsaw University of Technology, Poland. Liu, A. et al. Application of V‐8A SiC JBS Diodes in The Motor System. Applied Mechanics and Materials, Vols. ‐ , pp. ‐ . Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland. Mikic, M. et al. . Design and Characterization of a Step‐down Switched‐mode Power Converter Based on the Regulator MC A. EEE Electromagnetic Compatibility Magazine, Vol. , No. . EEE Xplore, USA. Nasucha, M. . Development of a Low‐power Step‐down DCDC Converter Module for Electric Cars. Project Notes unpublished . Universitas Pembangunan Jaya, ndonesia. Joint Scientific Symposium IJJSS 2016 Chiba, 20‐24 November 2016 230 Piperine of Piper retrofractum Antagonizes H 1 Receptor: In vitro and In silico Study on Isolated‐Guinea Pig Illeum Smooth Muscle Puguh Novi Arsito a , Sabtanti arimurti a , Ratih Dwi Amaliah a a School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta, Jalan Lingkar Selatan, Yogyakarta 55183, Indonesia Abstract Piperine is a major Alkaloid that found in Piper retrofractum. Empirically, This herbs used as an antispasmodic. n the previous study. Piperin was reported may inhibit the release of histamine from mast cells by inhibiting the signal pathway mediated by gE. Based on the fact, piperin was expected to has the antagonizm effect on the histamine receptor. The aim of this study was to investigate its activity on receptor. This research was conducted by investigated the effect of piperin on the guinea pig ileum smooth muscle in vitro model . Piperin was administered at the doses of mM and mM. The result showed that piperin could inhibit the contraction of isolated guinea pig ileum smooth muscle that induced by histamine. The pD values of receptor shifted significantly at the dose of mM p . . According to the contraction response data, piperin showed non‐competitive antagonists activity. ts can observed from the shape of the contraction response curve that was not reach E max . Reversibility assay showed that by replaced buffer tyrode every minutes for minutes , the bond of alkaloid to the receptor was able to dissociate. n the in silico study Autodock , piperine was observed can be bind to receptors docking score :‐ . . Piperine bound at Lys which is one of the important proteins in the histaminergic activity. The conclusion of this research is piperin has the activity as a non‐competitive antagonist at the receptor. Keywords Piperine, Piper retroractum, receptor, Antagonism

1. Introduction

ndonesia is known to have a vast biodiversity herbal. Not only used as a spice in cooking, the herb is also sometimes used people as a traditional medicine for various diseases. The availability of various types of spices have the potential to study its contents and used as a guide compounds lead compound or the discovery of new drugs.One of the spices that has great potential of medicinal plants is pepper Piper nigrum Linn. family Piperaceae. This plant comes from ndia and is growing well in some Southeast Asian countries[ ]. Pepper was traditionally used as an analgesic, antipyretic, depressant of central nervous system, anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, anticonvulsant, anti‐bacterial, anti‐tumor, and has hepatoprotective activity[ ].The major constituent of Piper nigrum Linn. is piperine alkaloid ‐ , volatile oil ‐ . , resin . , piperidine and starch about [ ].