Future View Optimization of the Acid Catalyst Concentration for Synthesis of Anti‐Cancer Agent Gamavuton‐0 by Using Mathematical and Statistical Software
1. Background
Surveys on Japanese language education overseas conducted by The Japan Foundation since has always shown constant increase of Japanese language learners in ndonesia. Particularly since s, there was a rapid growth of Japanese learners, from 8 , learners in to , learners in Furukawa, Kitani, Nunoo, Corresponding author. Tel.: +8 ‐8 ‐ ‐ 8 . E‐mail address: fatmawati.djafriakane.waseda.jp 119 . Furthermore, the latest survey conducted in even shows an astounding fact, that is ndonesia has reached 8 , learners and by this, ndonesia has become the second country in the world after China with the largest number of Japanese learners. The number has increased .8 from the data collected in survey. t indicates the growing needs of ndonesian people to learn Japanese language and in order to meet the demand, many Japanese language institutions in second and higher educational level were established, increased 8 in three years since The Japan Foundation survey, . During the period of ‐ , based on the long‐term higher education development plan of the ndonesian government, many undergraduate and graduate program of Japanese language were established in universities across the country Furukawa, Kitani, Nunoo, . The growing bilateral cooperation and the expansion of Japanese industries into ndonesian market are among factors that play significant roles in the rapid growth of Japanese language learners and institutions in ndonesia. After the ratification of ndonesia‐Japan economic partnership agreement EPA in 8, the flow of investment, goods, and people between the two countries was enhanced even more. According to the survey conducted by Teikoku Data Bank TDB in , there were , Japanese companies established in ndonesia, increased . compared to the data in survey. owever, The Japan Foundation surveys also demonstrated the increasing number of unenthusiastic Japanese learners who show little or no interest in learning Japanese. According to the survey, especially in the Southeast Asian countries, the problem of insufficient interest has provoked significant responses. Similarly, among problems Japanese language educational institutions in ndonesia are dealing with, insufficient interest among learners and declining number of learners are constantly increasing in , , and surveys. As well as in general context, higher educational institutions were also facing the similar problems as shown in the table below. Table . Problems of Japanese language education in ndonesian higher educational institutions from the Japan Foundation survey of overseas Japanese language educational institutions Problems nsufficient interest among learners . . . Declining number of learners . .8 8. There are some particular social contexts in which this phenomenon took place. n ndonesia, we still find general opinion saying that foreign language learning does not have a good prospect in the future, and there are people who choose to study foreign language in university as the last option after failing university entrance national exam hereinafter national exam . Majoring language studies in university is seen as less promising option in the future compared to other majors such as medical, engineering, or economics studies. Nevertheless, graduating from higher educational institution is considered to be a bridge to the future employment and participation in the society, regardless the major. Therefore, when one could not enter hisher priority major, heshe would choose language studies major in order to be able to study in the university to get a graduation diploma. owever, in reality, studying language is not an easy task as they have imagined before. Being a Japanese learner and then Japanese teacher in university, the author frequently observed cases where learners were anxious about their language ability and performance inside language classroom. n some cases, they even decided to quit in the middle of the course. To get a better understanding of the apparent paradox of the circumstances mentioned above, a comprehensive study of how affective factors, such as motivation andParts
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