Result Optimization of the Acid Catalyst Concentration for Synthesis of Anti‐Cancer Agent Gamavuton‐0 by Using Mathematical and Statistical Software

172 Lactobacillus casei Shirota strain daily for 8 days reduces the number of Streptococcus nasal swab isolates in patients with allergic rhinitis. The statistical analysis paired t‐test results obtained p . . Figure . The t otal number of Streptococcus nasal swab isolates before and after supplementation of Lactobacillus casei Shirota strain daily for 8 days in patients with allergic rhinitis

4. Discussion

This research shows that supplementation of Lactobacillus casei Shirota strain daily reduces the Streptococcus colonisation in nasal cavity. The nasal cavity is a habitat for many different normal flora. Ones of these bacteria, such as Stafhylococcus, Streptococcus and Haemophyllus. These bacteria have pottentially pathogenic bacteria. Patients with suspect allergic rhinitis have a higher risk of infection with these bacteria. t is interested to elimination of the potentially pathogenic normal flora in the nose cavity Kluytmans, 8 . Probiotic bacteria are known to have beneficial effects in humans, mainly by affecting the flora of the intestinal tractus. The supplementation of Lactobacillus GG decreased the number of children patient with respiratory tract infections about . Lactobacillus GG inhibites the colonization of pathogens bacteria, lowering of oxidative enzyme activity, reinforcement of the mucosal barrier, and stimulation of immunologic memory Saxelin, . Current research indicates probiotics had a strong influence on the regulation of primary immunophysiology in intestinal mucosal barrier Rautava, . Supplementation Lactobacillus bacteria may inhibit the production of Th cytokines by mononuclear cells in allergic patients. Probiotic treatment also prevent atopic disease. Naturally Lactobacillus is found in the human digestive tract and vagina. Lactobacillus produces amylase enzyme in gastrointestinal tract. This bacteria also produces niacin, pyridoxine, folic acid in the digestive tract. Niacin is needed in DNA repair cell and steroid hormone production. Vitamin B is important in the formation of blood cells and nerve conduction. L acidophilus improves the immune system, inhibit diarrhea and prevent candidiasis vaginal infection or oral cavity infection Salazar, et al., ; Sazawal, et al., There are many the benefit of supplementation Lactobacillus for human health, among others: caused gastrointestinal environmental acidity, so inhibite the growth of harmful bacteria, activated the immune system especially the gastrointestinal tract when the bodys immune response is low and improved the bodys tolerance to a 100 1 0 200 2 0 before after 21 127 173 variety of oral allergens. Lactobacillus compete with pathogen bacteria to adhere the receptor in the mucosa membrane cell of gastrointestinal tract. Lactobacillus produce a variety of digestive enzymes phosphatase, lysozyme and vitamins B , B , B , folic acid, and biotin that will be absorbed in the small intestine and helps absorption calcium. Lactobacillus also produce colicine that antibacteria activity for harmful bacteria Gibson and Collins, ; Vandenplas, ; Patricia, .

5. Conclusion

This study suggested that supplementation of probiotic Lactobacillus casei Shirota strain decreased the bacteria number of Streptococcus nasal swab isolates in patients with allergic rhinitis. Acknowledgment Researchers would like to thank to LP M Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta and PT. Yakult ndonesia Persada that have funded this research through the entire partnership program. References Asher, M., Montefort, S., Björkstén, B., et al. . SAAC Phase Three Study Group. Worldwide Time Trends in The Prevalence of Symptoms of Asthma, Allergic Rhinoconjunctivitis, and Eczema in Childhood: SAAC Phases One And Three Repeat Multicountry Cross‐Sectional Surveys. Lancet, Vol. 8, pp: – . Badash, M. . Risk Factor For Allergic Rhinitis. http:www.mbhs.orghealhgateGetGContent.aspx . Last Accessed Juni . Baraniuk. JN. . Mechanisms of Rhinitis. mmunology and Allergy Clinics of North America, Vol. , pp. ‐ . Bousquet, J., Cauwenberge,VP and Khaltev, P. . Allergic Rhinitis and its mpact on Asthma. J. Allergy Clin mmunol, Vol. 8, pp. 8‐S . Celikel, S., sik, S., Karakya, G.,Kalyancu, A. 8 . Risk Factor f or Asthma a nd Other Allergic Disease i n Seasonal Rhinitis. J . Asthma, Vol. 8 , pp : ‐ . Cho, S., Kim, YK., Sohn, JW,. et al. . Prevalence of Chronic Rhinitis in Korean Children and Adolescents. Korean J. Asthma Allergy Clin. mmunol, Vol. , pp: – 8. Gibson, GR, and Collins, MD. . Concept of Balanced Colonic Microbiotica, Prebiotica and Synbiotica. Nestlee Nutrition Workshop Series, Vol. , pp: ‐ Jawetz, E, Melnick, JL, Adelberg, EA, Brooks, GF, Butel JS, and Orston, LN. . Medical Microbiology. ed . Prentice‐all nternational nc, pp: ‐ . Kluytmans, JA. 8 . Reduction of Surgical Site nfections in Major Surgery by Elimination of Nasal Carriage of Staphylococcus aureus. J. osp nfect, Vol. , pp. – . Ng,TP and Tan, WC. . Epidemiology of Allergic Rhinitis and its Associated Risk Factors in Singapore. nt. J. Epidemiology, Vol. , pp: ‐ 8. Patricia, LC. . Selection Criteria for Probiotic Microoragnisms. Asia Pacific .J Clin. Nutr., Vol. , pp: ‐ . Rautava, S, Kalliomaki, M, solauri, E. . New Therapeutic Strategy for Combating the ncrease Burden of Allergic Disease: Probiotic‐A Nutrition, Allergy, Mucasal mmunology and ntestinal Microbiota Research Group Report. J Allergy Clin mmunol, Vol. 8, pp: 8‐ . Saavendra, JM. . Clinical Applications of Probiotic Agents. Am. J. Clin Nutr, Vol. Suppl , pp: – . Salazar‐Lindo, E, Figueroa‐Quintanilla, D, et al. . Effectiveness and Safety of Lactobacillus LB in the Treatment of Mild Acute Diarrhea in Children. J. Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr Vol. , pp: ‐ .