Conclusion Refferences Optimization of the Acid Catalyst Concentration for Synthesis of Anti‐Cancer Agent Gamavuton‐0 by Using Mathematical and Statistical Software

113 Ruiz‐A., Desireé, Castillo, R., Salguero, J., Martín, Cabello, Rosario, Fernández, Beroccal P., Balluerka, Nekane. . Short‐ and Midterm Effects of Emotional ntelligence Training on Adolescent Mental ealth. Journal of Adolescent ealth JAdolec ealth , Vol. , No. pp. ‐ . doi: . j.jadohealth. . . Setyowati, A., artati, S., Sawitri, Dian, Ratna. . ubungan Antara Kecerdasan Emosional Dengan Resiliensi pada Siswa Penghuni Rumah Damai. Jurnal KE dan Res.pdf. http:eprints.undip.ac.id. Swaputri . Analisis Penyebab Kecelakaan Kerja, Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat, Vol. , No , pp. ‐ , http;journal.unnes.ac.id. Yalcin, B.M., Karahan, T.F., Ozcelik, M., gde, F.A., 8 . The Effects of an Emotional ntelligence Program on the Quality of Life and Well‐being of Patients with Type Diabetes mellitus. Journal of The Diabetes Educator, Vol. , No. , pp. . MEDLINE UI: 8 . Weng, .C., ung, Ch.M., Liu, Y.T., Cheng, Y.J., Yen, Ch .Y., Chang, Ch.Ch., uang, Ch.K. . Associations Between Emotional ntelligence and Doctor Burnout, Job satisfaction and Patient Satisfaction. Journal Medical Education. Vol. No. , pp.8 –8 . doi: . j. ‐ . . 8 .x. ª Blackwell Publishing Ltd. Joint Scientific Symposium IJJSS 2016 Chiba, 20‐24 November 2016 114 LONG ‐TERM IMPACT OF PRENATAL HYPOXIA‐ISCHEMIA IN SPATIAL MEMORY DURING ADOLESCENCE Ratna Indriawati a Soedjono Aswin b Ginus Partadiredja c Rina Susilowati d a Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and ealth Sciences Faculty, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta 8 , ndonesia. b Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medical, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta 8 , ndonesia c Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta 8 , ndonesia d Department of istology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta 8 , ndonesia Abstract Prenatal ypoxia can cause brain lesions. The effects of hypoxia on neurogenesis during development have been a matter of controversy. Chronic prenatal hypoxia is strong prognosis factor for the outcome of various disease. Prenatal hypoxia contributed to the emergence of several neurological disorders due to abnormalities of brain development such as cognitive and behavioral deficits. Long‐tern effects of exposure of hypoxia during early intrauterine development very important to investigate. This study aims to assess spatial memory on Y Maze during adolescence due to prenatal hypoxia‐ischemia. This is experiment study.The design of the study is a posttest control group design. Samples were grouped randomly with simple random allocation into groups treatment groups and control groups . Pregnant Sprague‐Dawley rats underwent unilateral ligation of the uterine arter, which supplies one uterine horn on E , E and E . Rats with birth weight over . g were not used in the present study. Control groups C , C and C were not inducedprenatal hypoxia‐ischemia. We used male rats divided into treatment groups and control groups. Y Maze was employed to scale the spatial memory. The results showed that the spatial memory signiticant decreases as the length of prenatal hypoxia‐ischemia in adolescence p= . , C . Conclusions of this study is prenatal hypoxia‐ischemia reduce spatial memory of adolescen Rattus norvegicus. The lowest spatial memory is in the group which prenatal hypoxia‐ischemia occur at days of pregnancy. Keywords hypoxic, prenatal, memory, Y Maze 11 Introduction Chronic prenatal hypoxia is considered to cause perinatal brain injury. t can result in neurological disorders such as cerebral palsy or learning disabilities. These neurological problems are related to chronic placental insufficiency CP , which leads to chronic hypoxemia and hypoglycemia. Prenatal ypoxia can cause brain lesions. The effects of hypoxia on neurogenesis during development have been a matter of controversy. Chronic prenatal hypoxia is strong prognosis factor for the outcome of various disease Gilany Vafakhah, ; Chung et al., . Prenatal hypoxia contributed to the emergence of several neurological disorders due to abnormalities of brain development such as cognitive and behavioral deficits Rees arding, ; Barrett, ; So et al., . Cell death began to occur approximately hours after the induction of hypoxic ischemic rodentia. The increase in the number of apoptotic cells occurred three days after the induction of hypoxic ischemic prenatal and reached a peak days later. Approximately ‐ days after induction of hypoxic ischemic prenatal, lesions in the brain tissue Golan uleihel, . ypoxia associated with the onset of cognitive disorders, motor and behavioral Larroque et al., 8; Fazzi et al., ; Deloby et al., . One of the developments that affected the brain is hypoxic cognitive abilities. One cognitive ability is a memory. Long‐tern effects of exposure of hypoxia during early intrauterine development very important to investigate. This study aims to assess spatial memory during adolescence due to hypoxic ischemic prenatal. Material and Methods This is experiment study. The design of the study is a posttest control group design. Samples were grouped randomly with simple random allocation into groups treatment groups and control groups . Pregnant Sprague‐Dawley rats were obtained from laboratory research and testing integrated Gadjah Mada University of Yogyakarta, underwent unilateral ligation of the uterine artery, which supplies one uterine horn on E , E and E , under deep anesthesia ketamine hydrochloride mgkg intra musculare . We used gradient of growth restriction to differentiate pups after delivery as follws. Pups whose birth weght was below . g were classified in the treatment groups P , P and P . Then rats with birth weight over . g were not used in the present study. Control groups C , C and C were not induced hypoxic ischemic prenatal. We used male rats divided into treatment groups P , P and P and control groups C , C and C . After weaning on aged days, rats were housed in standard cages x x cm . The cages were kept in a temperature and moisture controlled room with hours light‐dark cycles : AM to : PM with food and water ad libitum. The same rats were used for cognitive test y maze test , which started on aged days. Before y maze test, the research subjects acclimatization. The subject entered the cage in the test room at least day prior to the test. Test procedure: Animal testing in arm B is placed on the central side and the left moving for minutes Y maze is great while monitored by cameras. Scoring is based on the number of achievements of each arm four feet into the sleeve . The animal returned to the test cage and counted the number of faeces. The equipment is cleaned before being used for testing again. The total amount total entries arm achieved. The total 11 number of test = total entries‐ Percent alternation = number of alternation total test x Tamura et al., . Results Rattus norvegicus males were tested with Y Maze test at the age of days. Percent alternation achieved. The result of Y Maze test showed figure . Figure . Pattern of Y Maze test from treatment groups P , P and P and control groups C , C and C . Y Maze test showed alternation percent higher in the control group C , C and C compared to the treatment group P , P and P . P group showed the value of the lowest Y Maze test. The next data is analyzed with ANOVA test. ANOVA analysis test results show a decline in the value of the Y Maze test were statistically significant between treatment groups with the control group p= . ; C= . Further, data is tested by Post oc Test LSD . Post hoc Test results can be seen in Table . Table . Multiple comparison with Post oc test LSD from Y Maze test treatment groups P , P and P and control groups C , C and C . Group Group J Mean difference ‐J Std error Sig. confidence interval Lower Bound Upper bound P C P C P C ‐ . ‐ .8 ‐ 8. ‐ . 8 ‐ . . . . . . . . 8 . . . ‐ . ‐8. 8 ‐ . ‐ .8 ‐ . ‐ . . ‐ .8 ‐ . 8 ‐ . Table shows that there is no impairment of spatial memory were statistically significant between groups P with C , C and C p= . ; p= . ; p= . . Likewise between P to P group p= . . While the group P to P there are no statistically significant improvement p= . 8 . 117 Discussion This study shows that there is spatial memory loss in the treatment group compared to the control group. The decline in spatial memory most lace is in the P group. Age ‐ day rat fetus is a sensitive period of neural development Sigit, . Prenatal hypoxia‐ischemia refers to a reduced level of oxygen hypoxia and a decreased blood flow ischemia during fetal development, which can cause various complications during pregnancy associated with neurological deficits and long‐term neurodevelopmental disabilities in later life. One of these complications is cerebral palsy that occurs in per , babies Graham et al., 8 . Of these, ‐ will die during the postnatal period, and another will develop permanent severe neuropsychological conditions. Fetal growth and development are a complex and dynamic process that depends on sophisticated interactions among the mother, placenta and fetus to ensure optimal growth and survival conditions Warner and Ozanne, . Numerous epidemiological, clinical and experimental studies have shown clearly that a compromised intrauterine environment may have subtle or drastic impact on tissueorgan ontogeny, structure and function, and alter the vulnerability or resiliency to some challenges and diseases in later life Cottrell and Seckl, ; Dudley et al., . Fetal hypoxia affects normal brain development and induces abnormal behavioral presentations. The cerebral cortex, hippocampus and sub‐ventricular zone are the most vulnerable regions to the hypoxic insult Northington et al., . A rat model study has indicated that prenatal hypoxia produces a mild neurological deficit in a variety of behavioral tests. The duration in an accelerating rotarod test was shorter for the offspring with prenatal hypoxic exposure compared to the control offspring, and they traveled a shorter distance and spent most of their time stationary compared with the control group reland et al., . Some structural proteins of the white matter were measured in adult offspring with prenatal hypoxic exposure during gestational days to . These structural proteins were associated with normal development of myelin and axon, and their expression levels decreased due to maternal hypoxia while the expression of protein related to astroglia increased, predisposing the individual to white matter changes later in life Wang et al., . Conclusion Prenatal hypoxia‐ischemia reduce spatial memory of adolescen Rattus norvegicus. The lowest spatial memory is in the group which prenatal hypoxia‐ischemia occur at days of pregnancy. References Barrett, R.D., Bennet, L., Davidson, J., Dean, J.M., George, S., Emerald, B.S. Gunn, A.J. . Destruction and reconstruction: hypoxia and the developing brain. Birth Defects Res C Embryo Today. 8 : ‐ . Chung, Y., So, K., Kim, E., Kim, S. Jeon, Y. . mmunoreactivity of neurogenic factor in the guinea pig brain after prenatal hypoxia. J. Ann. Anat. : ‐ Cottrell EC, Seckl JR. . Prenatal stress, glucocorticoids and the programming of adult disease. Front Behav Neurosci. : . Deloby, A.M., Arnaud, C., White‐Koning, M., Casper, C., Pierrat, V. Garel, M. . Behaviour problem and cognitive performance at years of age after preterm birth: the EPPAGE study. Pediatrics. : 8 ‐ . Dudley, K.J., Li, X., Kobor, M.S., Kippin, T.E. Bredy, T.W. . Epigenetic mechanisms mediating vulnerability and resilience to psychiatric disorders. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. : – . 118 Fazzi, E. Bova, S. Giovenzana, A. Signorini, S. Uggetti, C. Bianchi, P. . Cognitive visual dysfunctions in preterm children with periventricular leukomalacia. Dev Med Child Neurol. : ‐8 Gilany, K. Vafakhah, M. . ypoxia: a Review. J. Paramed. Sci.Vol : . Goyal, R, Papamatheakis, D.G., Loftin, M., Vrancken, K., Dawson, A.S., Osman, N.J., Blood, A.B., Pearce, W.J., Longo, L.D. Wilson, S.M. . Long‐term maternal hypoxia: the role of extracellular Ca + entry during serotonin‐mediated contractility in fetal ovine pulmonary arteries. Reprod Sci. 8: 8– . Graham, .K., Boyd, R., Carlin, J.B., Dobson, F., Lowe, K., Nattrass, G., Thomason, P., Wolfe, R. Reddihough, D. 8 . Does botulinum toxin a combined with bracing prevent hip displacement in children with cerebral palsy and hips at risk”? A randomized, controlled trial. J Bone Joint Surg Am. : – . oman, A., Guan, ., ardy, D.B., Gratton, R.J. Yang, K. . ypoxia blocks beta‐ hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type induction in human trophoblast cells during differentiation by a time‐dependent mechanism that involves both translation and transcription. Placenta. :8 –8 . reland, Z., Dickinson, ., Fleiss, B., utton, L.C. Walker, D.W. . Behavioural effects of near‐term acute fetal hypoxia in a small precocial animal, the spiny mouse Acomys cahirinus . Neonatology. : – . Larroque, B. Delobel, M., Arnaud, C. Marchand, L. 8 . Outcome at and 8 years of children born very preterm. Arch. Pediatr. : 8 ‐ . Northington, F.J., Ferriero, D.M., Graham, E.M, Traystman, R.J. Martin, L.J. . Early Neurodegeneration after ypoxia‐schemia in Neonatal Rat s Necrosis while Delayed Neuronal Death s Apoptosis. Neurobiol Dis. 8: – . Sigit, K. . Growth and Development of Fetal Rat Brain of Parent ypothyroidism, Graduate School of Bogor Agricultural University. Rees, S arding, R. . Brain development during fetal life: influences of the intra‐ uterine environment. Neurosci Lett. ‐ : ‐ . So, K., Chung, Y., Lee, ., Kim, E. Jeon, Y. . The effect of chronic prenatal hypoxia on the development of mature neurons in the cerebellum. J. Neurodev. Disord., : : ‐ . Yafeng, D. Weijian, . Jiaxue, W. Weiner, C.P. . Chronic hypoxemia absent bacterial infection is one cause of the fetal inflammatory response syndrome FRS Reprod Sci. : – . Wang, L., Cai, R., Lv, G., uang, Z. Wang Z. . ypoxia during pregnancy in rats leads to the changes of the cerebral white matter in adult offspring. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. : – . Warner, M.J. Ozanne, S.E. . Mechanisms involved in the developmental programming of adulthood disease. Biochem J. : – . Joint Scientific Symposium IJJSS 2016 Chiba, 20‐24 November 2016 119 EFFECTS OF LOW FREQUENCY SOUND VIBRATION TO HUMAN PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL PHENOMENON : A LITERATURE REVIEW Dziban Naufal a , Ahmad Rofiq Sofyan a a Departement of Physics, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jalan Raya Badung‐Sumedang KM 21, Jatinangor 45363, West Java, Indonesia Abstract Low frequency sound LFS is used in Vibroacoustic Therapy VAT which categorized as one of Complementary and Alternative Medicine CAM fashion. VAT is a therapy fashion that uses audible sound z ‐ z to produce vibrations through the transducer which is applied directly to the body. The aim of this paper is to describe the effects of LFS to human psychological and physiological behaviour. The papers were peer‐reviewed based on published papers that can be accessed freely online and the essences were combined to synthesize a new conclusion accompanied by the writer’s ideas. t is showed that VAT can reduces the anxiety level, indicated by the decrease of average patients blood pressure up to . bpm. The significance reduction on patients Fibromyalgia mpact Questionnaire 88.8 to .8 indicated the capability of VAT to overcome Fibromyalgia’s symptoms. The difference of neurite outgrowth frequency in NGF‐treated PC m cells between intervention of z and z vibrational sound condition is significance and potentially lead to the cure Alzheimer disease. LFS in VAT also decrease pain in patients with Juvenile diopathic Arthritis due to the reduction of Simplified Disease Activity ndex up to . Results showed great effects of LFS on the health improvement and human psychology through VAT as a physics agent therapy. owever, research about effects of VAT to human health and psychology is still needed due to the lack of information about physics phenomenon in the body with VAT treatment. Keywords Low frequency sound; Vibroacoustic Therapy; anxiety; Fibromyalgia; Alzheimer; Arthritis

1. Introduction

Complementary and alternative medicine CAM become popular because of its inexpensive cost and lack of side effects if it compared with conventional medicine. According to National ealth nterview Survey NS in , . of Americans had used natural products, exclude vitamin and mineral, as a medicine. There are many of CAM types that peoples have usually taken such as herbal medicine, acupuncture, yoga, etc. Vibroacoustic therapy VAT is a non‐invasive CAM types that transmit low frequency sound directly to the patient’s body. VAT is believed have a positive effects to patient’s Corresponding author. Tel.: + 8 E ‐mail address: dziban mail.unpad.ac.id 120 psychology and health such as reduce pain, anxiety, decreasing blood pressure, and other psychological and physiological phenomenon. owever, there is still lack of research which prove the evidence of VAT’s capability to overcome diseases or its symptoms. This literature review’s objective is to describe an effects of low frequency sound vibration that is usually used as a physics agent therapy in VAT to human’s psychological and physiological behaviour, especially on anxiety, fibromyalgia, Alzheimer, and juvenile idiopathic arthritis JA case. A studies that are cited in this scientific written have a various fashions for executing VAT to the patients so the effects of VAT which describe in this paper are depend on how VAT was done to the patients. This article tells readers about the effects of vibrational sound that traced via questionnaire and psychological and physiological measurement instrument. n special case, the effects that occurred in individual cell are watched on cell at in vitro condition. This paper can aid further research in VAT with a deeper understanding about how low frequency sound acts to the human body.

2. Material and Methods

This paper is based on a literature study of some paper which contained primary data that has been published worldwide in several journals. Those papers are free to be accessed through the internet. Writers used these papers to analyze a connection between low frequency sound to the human body and relate a facts that explained by them each other to find some similarities, contradictories, and other relations that reveal other facts or only some writer’s reviews. Authors also complemented the analysis with their own arguments and suggestions for further researches. At the end of the analysis, writers make a conclusion based on the examined data and facts that complemented in those papers and reviews from the writers. For gathering a suitable journals or papers that correlated with the effects of low frequency sound to the human body topic, the writers used a search engine and input the desired phrases that referred to the topic, such as effects of low frequency sound to the human physiology research”, vibroacoustic therapy research”, and other phrases that correlated with the topic. This research fashion resulted tens to hundreds of journals or papers that suitable with the topic

3. Results

3.1 Sound and VAT Sound is a form of energy that need a medium for transmit through a space or reach some point from the origin point. The molecules of medium are oscillating during the sound transmit through it due to the energy that transferred from one molecule to the other molecule. The oscillated molecules make other molecules to oscillate and those molecules produce a sound as consequence of vibration. uman can sense the sound through the ear and its vibration through the skin as a periodic displacement. uman can only sense the sound in the certain range of frequency ‐ z that called audible sound. The sound that can’t be sensed by human ear are categorized to be two categories : frequency that fall below z are categorized as infrasonic sound, and if fall above z are categorize as ultrasonic sound ooper, . Although those kind of sound can’t be sensed by human sensory system, they can still affect human body due to their physical characteristic and behaviour, such as they are vibrate in certain frequency, they can be reflected, etc. Sound vibration, the reason why sound is occurred, can affect human body by making certain parts of the body vibrate with the same frequency, called resonance. Vibroacoustic Therapy VAT is a new fashion of therapy that uses sound vibration from audible sound as a physical agent that intervene human body with non‐invasive