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2. Listing the sentences which contained Code-mixing utterance
Through the transcriptions, the researcher had to list code-mixing utterances in order to complete the data analyzing. She picked all the utterances
which contain code-mixing.
3. Checking the words in Indonesian dictionary
After the researcher got all the utterances which contain code-mixing she started to check the English words in the dictionary. She checked the English
words are not loan words from English to Indonesian. The researcher checked the Indonesian dictionary Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia to find it out. Then the
researcher found the words such as credible, problem, export, import, and management etc. as the loan words. The researcher omitted the utterances which
had those words and did not make them as the data.
4. Classifying the types of Code-mixing
The list of code-mixing utterances was identified to which types of code- mixing. The researcher should put the checkmark in the A column if that utterance
belongs to the alternation type, in column B if that utterance belongs to the insertion type and in column C if that utterance belongs to the congruent
lexicalization. Through the identification, the data would help the researcher in understanding the code-mixing phenomenon in presidential candidate debate.
5. Analyzing the Data
Then, the researcher should analyze the tendency of code-mixing, which occurs in a presidential debate. To find out the amount of the data and the
tendency, the researcher should count which types of code-mixing which occurs
28 the most in the presidential debate. Then, researcher counted the percentage of
each type of code-mixing by using this formula:
1. P=
2. P=
3. P=
Note: P
= the percentage NA
= the number of alternation NI
= the number of insertion NCL = the number of congruent lexicalization
T = the total of code-mixing
The researcher would compare the occurrences of the code-mixing, which is made by participants in the debate. From the comparison, the researcher
observed, which types of code-mixing got the highest number. 6.
Drawing the Conclusions
The last step in this research was drawing the conclusion based on the findings. It would give a clearer description as the answer to the problem
formulations to the readers.
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CHAPTER IV RESEARCH RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
This chapter will discuss the findings of the research. The findings will be discussed to solve the problem formulations. Since there are two questions, so it is
divided into two main sections. The first is about the types of code-mixing made by the participants. Then the second is about the functions of code-mixing, which
is also made by the participants of the presidential debate 2014. The researcher uses the theories from chapter II to reveal the answer to the problem.
A. Findings
In this part, the researcher would like to present the findings of the research which were gathered from the checklist sheet. Previously, the researcher
will explain about the consideration of the meaning of code-mixing. The researcher refers to Singh
‟s theory 1985 which is cited by Romaine 1995 that code-mixing is an intra-sentential code-switching. According to Holmes 1992,
intra-sentential switching here means switching that occurs within one sentence. Moreover, McCormick 1995 suggests that code-switching involves the
alternation of elements longer than one word while code-mixing involves shorter elements, often just a single word. In addition, Alabi 2007 states that the code-
mixing is often unconscious illocutionary act in naturally occurring conversation as cited in Oladosu, 2011. Therefore, the researcher concludes that the code-
mixing is a case where the elements of two or more languages are found in single
