Research Method RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

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CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents the method of the study to solve the problem which is stated in chapter I. This study intended to observe the code-mixing, which is made by the participants of presidential candidate debate. This chapter presents the discussion of research method, research setting, research participants, instruments and data gathering, data analysis technique, and the last is a research procedure.

A. Research Method

The researcher used qualitative research for this research. Qualitative research is an approach to the study of social and behavioral phenomena Ary, D., Jacobs, L. C., Razavieh, A. 2002. In addition, the goal of this research is a “holistic picture and depth understanding, rather than a numeric analysis of data” Ary et al., 2002. Qualitative research and quantitative research are different. According to Fraenkel and Wallen 2008, one of the differences is a qualitative researcher collects the data in a form of words or pictures and seldom involve numbers. Therefore, to analyze the data in a form of words, the researcher used observation sheet and document. The researcher used observation sheet and the transcript of the debates since it was difficult to interview the participants. According to Fraenkel and Wallen 2008, content analysis is a primary method of data analysis in qualitative research. 21 Fraenkel and Wallen 2008 say that content analysis is a technique that enables researchers to study human behavior in an indirect way, through an analysis their communications. The source of data can be from textbooks, essays, newspapers, novels, magazines, cookbooks, songs, political speeches, advertisement, and pictures. In this study, the sources of the data are videos of presidential candidate debates 2014. The researcher did not record the videos by herself, but she took it from www.youtube.com. Furthermore, content analysis is a research method that uses a set of procedures to make valid inferences from text Weber, 1990. Moreover, Leedy and Ormrod 2005 state, that content analysis is a detailed and systematic examination of the content of a particular body and it typically performed on forms of human communication. This method would support the researcher to answer the problems which are stated in chapter I. While conducting the research, the researcher used two kinds of content analysis method. They were manifest content of communication and latent content of a document. Faenkel and Wallen 2008 explain that a manifest content of communication refers to the surface of the words, pictures, and images which accessible to the naked eye or ear. Using the manifest content of a communication, the researcher can find the types of code-mixing which is made by the participants.

B. Research Setting