21 Fraenkel and Wallen 2008 say that content analysis is a technique that
enables researchers to study human behavior in an indirect way, through an analysis their communications. The source of data can be from textbooks, essays,
newspapers, novels, magazines, cookbooks, songs, political speeches, advertisement, and pictures. In this study, the sources of the data are videos of
presidential candidate debates 2014. The researcher did not record the videos by herself, but she took it from www.youtube.com.
Furthermore, content analysis is a research method that uses a set of procedures to make valid inferences from text Weber, 1990. Moreover, Leedy
and Ormrod 2005 state, that content analysis is a detailed and systematic examination of the content of a particular body and it typically performed on
forms of human communication. This method would support the researcher to answer the problems which are stated in chapter I.
While conducting the research, the researcher used two kinds of content analysis method. They were manifest content of communication and latent content
of a document. Faenkel and Wallen 2008 explain that a manifest content of communication refers to the surface of the words, pictures, and images which
accessible to the naked eye or ear. Using the manifest content of a communication, the researcher can find the types of code-mixing which is made
by the participants.
B. Research Setting
Presidential candidate debate is an event which is held by General Election Commission. This event is held once in five years since 2009 before the Election
22 Day. The function of this debate is to tell the citizens about their mission and
vision. In 2009, there were three participants who joined the debate. There were SBY, JK, and MSP who were included in the debate in 2009. In 2014, there were
four participants who were divided into two groups. The first group is the first candidate in a presidential election PS and his running mate HR. The second
group consists of JW and his running mate JK. The case of this research is the presidential candidate debates 2014 which
was held five times in June up to July. The first debate was held on Monday 9
th
of June 2014, the second debate was held on 15
th
of June 2014, the third debate was held on 22
nd
of June 2014, the fourth debate was held on 29
th
of June 2014, and the last debate was held on 5
th
of July 2014. This program was aired on some National television channels. In this thesis, the researcher took five videos of the
presidential candidate debate which came from all of the debates parts. The researcher started downloading the videos on July 2014 and analyzed
them for the following months. The researcher could conduct the research effectively, which means she could conduct the research in any place and time in
which required supports and equipment are available.
C. Research Participants
The subjects of this research are the participants of the presidential candidate debates 2014. They were PS and his running mate HR the first
candidate in the presidential election. JW and his running mate as the second candidate of the presidential election JK. All of them have different educational
backgrounds, different experience in the carrier, and different background of
23 language competency. This different background, language competency would
give significant influence to their speaking production. In giving their arguments, they tend make code-mixing
during the debate. It attracted the researcher’s to conduct the research of code-mixing which are made by the participants. Between
the participants and the moderator tend to make code-mixing. However, the researcher only focused on the code-mixing which are made by the participants
since they had the same role in that event. Therefore, it would be easier to compare the speaking production from each participant.
D. Instrument and Data Gathering
