2 LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Overview of Pasi Island
Pasi islands located in the administrative area of Bontoharu Sub-district, Kepulauan Selayar Regency, South Sulawesi Province with geographical position
6
o
5’ - 6
o
13’ LS and 120
o
23’ - 120
o
27’ BT, and located on the Western of Selayar Island. This island is ± 1 km from the Selayar Island and can be reached by sea
trip during the 20-30 minute with traditional boats. The island is composed of 3 three villages, they are Bontolebang, Bontoborusu and Kahu-Kahu with an area
of ± 2335 ha BPS 2009 and a long coastline of ± 5.29 km.
Based on survey results PPTK Hasanuddin University 2007, the condition of live coral at Pulau Pasi is 29 or it can be said fair. Pasi Island has 66.62 ha
of mangrove area, 408.36 ha of coral reefs, 606.61 ha of coral reefs mixed sand, 799.53 ha of seagrass bed mixed sand, 171.32 ha of sandy that inundated by sea
water, 58.95 ha of white sand on the beach. There are two major ecosystems in the Pasi island waters; they are coral reef and sea grass beds. The type of coral reef is
fringing reef that consists of hard coral, soft corals and other biota associations. The Southern,
western and northern of Pasi Island consist of white sand that interspersed by rock, in other side on the eastern of this island is dominated by rocks with narrow
beach.
South, West and North of Pasi island coast is mainly composed by white sand that interspersed by rock. White sand grains that are palpable rather subtle, is
the result of wave energy reduction process by reef flat and seagrass beds that located on the beachfront. Stretch of reef in the western and southern is quite
extensive and it about 300-1000 m widely from coastal line. South and west of the island has a natural picturesque
with white sandy beaches, it is Je’neiya coast and beautiful beaches Liangtarussu, that suitable to be developed as a marine tourism
object. According to Marine Conservation Foundation 2001, the island in Selayar
Regency has special characteristics that can be developed for tourism activities. They are natural attractionsbeaches, water sports, and cultural tourism.
However, the developments of marine tourism activities need to be considered the
characteristics of geomorphology, ocean dynamics, ecosystem conditions, and utilization of coastal locations by the public. The different view was found on the
east of this island where are dominated by rocks with narrow beaches and mangrove vegetation.
Generally, rocky beaches has a narrow reef flats that only a few dozen yards away even there are only 50-10 m, especially on the east side of the
island. Topography of reef flats in the western and south is generally flat with the slope about 10
o
-25
o
and was followed between 25
o
-50
o
. Wide of reef flat on both sides are in range 50-250 m from the shoreline and there is a shallow reef slope
with only about 4-5 m depth. Reef flats on the north were located at 4- 5 m of depth, with 30-100 m of width, which was followed by a slightly steeper reef
slope about 20-40 m. On the east side is generally characterized by a narrow reef flat which has relatively steep reef slope, 40-70
o
slope, but the depth is only around 10-20 m.
Based on the research results, Government of the Kepulauan Selayar Regency decided the Pasi Island as a Marine Conservation Area through SK
Bupati No. 03. A2009 that be appointed at Benteng on January 5, 2009. This
decree is used as legal basis of a marine conservation area existence in Pasi Island.
2.2 Coastal Ecosystems
Coastal areas as a transition region has natural resources potential that is very large and could be a livelihood source of communities who around it as
fishermen and marine resources users. The major ecosystems in the coastal areas are mangrove, sea grasses and coral reefs ecosystem. According Kaswadji 2001,
the third ecosystem is not always observed, however, if they are found there are linkages of them. Each ecosystem has its own function.
Existing resources consist of: 1 coral reefs ecosystem, 2 sea grass ecosystems, and 3 mangrove
ecosystem.
2.2.1 Coral Reefs Ecosystem
Coral reefs have an important value in coastal areas. Coral reefs and entire life in it are one of the invaluable natural resources that owned by the Selayar
Regency. Coral reefs are complex ecosystems with high biodiversity which found
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