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LAMPIRAN
1 INTRODUCTION
1.1
Background
Indonesia is in the centre of the Coral Triangle, which has the world’s highest coral reefs biodiversity. Besides its biodiversity, coral reef has important
role in the coastal area. The coral reefs and the associate are natural richness. This is not only due to Indonesia’s geographical location around the equator where the
Pacific and Indian Oceans mixed, but also by the complex currents, seascape and ecosystems. For example is Selayar, South Sulawesi, which is one of the major
fishing grounds. However, the attentions of coral reef in the Selayar Islands are low. The
government and local people were not serious in the management. This poor management mainly caused by minimum of technology, low skill and poor
government policies. Increasing population and economic development are causing increased pressure and unsustainable use of marine resources over-
exploitation. One of major tools to manage the coral reefs is develop the zoning system.
It is important to make the zoning so that sensitive areas can be protected from destructive activities as well as intensive utilization in coastal can be sustained.
Zoning in conservation area is a model of space utilization through the establishment of functional boundaries conformed to the resource potential,
carrying capacity and ecological processes that take place as a unified ecosystem. Specifically, MCA designed to give permission to using the resources. But the use
of certain zones arranged in a suitable allocation in order to reduced conflict of space utilization Dermawan et al. 2007.
The Pasi Island was the administrative part of Kepulauan Selayar Regency, South Sulawesi Province with the geographical position 6
o
5’ - 6
o
13’ Latitude and 120
o
23’ - 120
o
27’ Longitude has an area about 388.78 hectares and 29.5 km coastline, located in adjacent to West of Selayar Island PPTK UNHAS 2007.
This island can be reached by sea for 20-30 minutes with the traditional ships jarangka.
Coral reefs in the Pasi Island are very susceptible to disturbance. Coral mining, blast fishing, cyanide, and other destructive fishing are the common
threats that can disrupt coastal and marine environmental conditions. To anticipate those problems, it is required an appropriate management. One
of the natural resource protections that may be applied is protected area management at sites with high biodiversity or with unique natural phenomena.
Such protected areas, known as Marine Conservation Area MCA. Marine Conservation Area MCA or Kawasan Konservasi Laut KKL ensures
sustainable use of marine organisms and their ecosystems. Furthermore MCAs preserve genetic sources.
In some places, the MCA has proven to be effective tools for the protection of marine biodiversity and for management of sustainable resource, such as
fisheries and tourism. There are two impact of marine conservation area. Firstly, there is strong evidence that “no-take-zone” area has a greater supply of fish,
bigger fish size and diverse of composition species commercial fish species are larger in size than other area of catches. But the direct impacts of fisheries
benefits are much harder to prove on the field and therefore of the various studies that have been implemented. Most models indicate that the fishery can really have
benefit from a marine conservation area and it’s also shown that sustainable of fishing can be maximized if less than 30 of habitat is fully-protected from
fishing activities Roberts Hawkins 2000. The functions of Marine Conservation Areas are
intended to maintain the brood stocks. A marine protected area is expected to be a source of seed, spawning ground, and as a nursery grounds of juvenile small fish
as well as a provider of adult fish to the surrounding area Dahuri 2004; Tulungan et al.
2002
There are some researches about the impact of marine conservation areas in the Indo-Pacific region based on the state. In Indonesia, inside protection area
shown that biomass and average size of fish species that are larger than the surrounding reserves area in North Sulawesi Blongko and Kakorutan
McClanahan et al. 2006; In Papua New Guinea, the protection area shown that biomass and average size of fish species that are larger than the surrounding area
in the protection of traditionally managed Muluk and Ahus McClanahan et al.
2006; In Philippines, the biomass of predator size increased eight times in the area of protection. In the area of catches, the average density and species diversity
of large predators also increased Russ and Alcala 1996 in Roberts Hawkins 2000; In Hawaii, The fish stocks is 63 more in the no-take-zone area Grigg
1994 in Roberts Hawkins 2000. In Kenya, the commercial fish species groupers, snappers, and emperors was recorded 10 times more in the fully
protected area of Marine National Park Kisite than in the protection area where the fishing is allowed Watson Ormond 1994 in Roberts Hawkins 2000.
Some research on the importance of conservation areas for economic interests, particularly in the development of fisheries have been conducted in
various countries. For example: Increasing of egg is up to 10 times and the abundance of fish is up to 2-9 times in marine conservation areas, respectively.
The increases of average size and diversity species of fish in marine conservation areas are 33-300 and 30-50, respectively. Then, the increase of fish catches
outside the nature reserve is 40-90 Sumardja 2002. The research by PPTK Hasanuddin University 2007 found that the
condition of coral reefs around the Pasi Island can be categorized as enough. The average percentage of life coral cover is 29 where 10 ten of existing
observation stations are mostly in good condition with total area about 408.36 hectares. In 2007, The Local Government had been initiated Pasi Island as MCA
KKLD with SK. BUPATI No. 3. A2009, regarding the establishment of MCA Kepulauan Selayar Regency. Although it have been initiated but have not formed
the management zones. This then became the attention of researcher to be developed both in terms of area, boundary and zoning system.