Seagrass Ecosystem Coastal Ecosystems

Ampat Island Waters area in Papua and surrounding sea of 60 000 ha, 4 Gili Ayer Islands, Gili Meno, and Gili Trawangan in NTB with an area of 2954 hectares, 5 Kapoposan Islands and surrounding sea of 50 000 hectares, 6 along Padaido Islands surrounding waters covering 183 000 ha, 7 Long Island in Irian Jaya, covering 271 630 hectares, and 8 Pieh Island in West Sumatra and surrounding waters covering 39 900 hectares. Beforehand, cooperation between the Marine and Fisheries Department and the Forestry Department in the conservation sector has been initiated since 2003 by mutual agreement between the Director General of Forest Protection and Nature Conservation, Ministry of Forestry to the Director General of the Marine, Coastal and Small Islands, Ministry regarding the implementation of activities in the 6 six national parks, which include strengthening of national parks zoning system activities, strengthening of research and development, biological natural resources, strengthening of socio-economic communities surrounding national parks, development of marine tourism, human resource development, development of information and promotion and monitoring capacity of the area. In addition, the development cooperation likewise carried out in the program of rehabilitation and management of coral reefs COREMAP II. Act No. 312004 about the fishery; it is the governments duty to use the ecosystem approach obviously through a Marine Conservation Area MCA as a fisheries management tool. This can be seen at Article 7 paragraph 1 point q concerning asylum fisheries and Article 13 paragraph 1 of the conservation of fishery resources. The government is completing a Government Regulation which governs the conservation of fishery resources in Indonesia currently. Department of Marine has been to anticipate the fisheries policy to MCA with the formation of the Directorate of Conservation and Marine National Park, under the Directorate General KP3K. Indeed, General Directorate of Fisheries added one of the structure, namely Loka Pemacu Stok that is expected works to restore the stock of fisheries resources.

2.3.2 Functions and Role of Marine Conservation Area

The coastal and marine conservation regions has a major role as follows: 1 protect biodiversity and the structure, function and integrity of the ecosystem, 2 improve the fishery, 3 provide a recreation and tourism places; 4 expand the knowledge and understanding of ecosystems, and 5 provide the socio-economic benefits for coastal communities. The main goal of the conservation areas establishment on the coastal and the marine is to conserve the ecosystems and natural resources, so that ecological processes in an ecosystem can continue to progress and keeping sustained food production and environmental services for sustainable human interests. The objective of conservation areas in the coastal and marine areas are to: 1 protecting critical habitats, 2 maintain biodiversity, 3 conserve the fishery resources, 4 protecting the shoreline, 5 protecting the locations with historical and cultural value, 6 provides a location for recreation and nature tourism, 7 clustering the exploited areas, and 8 to promote sustainable marine development. Some basic principles in the management of marine conservation regional areas are as follows: a. Adaptive Management must be adaptive to changes and new information, and is also able to improve its management performance during the current assessment. b. Sustainable All activities and the utilization efforts carried out based on sustainable and ecologically principle. c. Using the Ecosystem Approach Ecosystems management focuses on managing and the ecological integrity the whole of an ecosystem, taking into account of utilization aspects. d. Dual Benefit Management must be equipped by a process or an explicit framework for the allocation of resources and decision making, especially in terms of planning and determination of marine conservation regional areas. e. Cooperation management Co-management There are several objectives that are expected from the determination of a location into the marine conservation areas DKP 2003, they are: Co-management is required to implementing the best practice approaches in the marine planning.