Non-use of honorific expressions in impersonal language

Friend’s family friend’s first name + family term 㡗㑯㧊 㠊Ⲏ┞㠊Ⲏ┮, 㡺ザ, etc. NOTE: -㧊 in 㡗㑯㧊 is a particle 19.2.2. Familiar married adult, such as neighbor 㞚㭢Ⱎ㞚㭒Ⲏ┞, 㞚㩖㝾 䞶㞚⻚㰖䞶㞚⻚┮; 䞶Ⲏ┞䞶Ⲏ┮ 㡗Ṧ┮ among very old males Close male adult friend of similar age or younger last name +G䡫GG ₖ䡫 Friend of similar age or younger with whom friendship developed after college full name + 㝾GG ₖ㍶㞚㝾 first name + 㝾GG ㍶㞚㝾 NOTE: See 10.4.4 for discussion of -㝾 . Familiar but much younger person by a senior person e.g., professor to a student name + ῆGGmale ₖῆ, ₖ⹒䢎ῆ, ⹒䢎ῆ name + 㟧GGfemale ₖ㟧, ₖ⹎㞚㟧, ⹎㞚㟧 name 㰚㣿㭒 Older or superior at workplace last name title + ┮G 㧻 ㌂㧻┮, ὓ ⹫㌂┮ full name title + ┮GG 㡺ṫ㧒 ᾦ㑮┮ ㍶⺆┮ ‘one’s senior at school’ Equal at workplace full name + 㝾GG 㩫⹎㞚㝾 Close friend of same age or younger at workplace last name + title ₖὒ㧻, ₖᾦ㑮, ₖ⹫㌂, ┻䎆ₖ foreign first name + title ⪲㓺㍶㌳ Inferior at workplace ⹎㓺 ⹎㓺䎆 + last name Titleless job holder such as janitor last name +G㝾G+ 㞚㩖㝾 㞚㭢Ⱎ ₖ㝾 㞚㩖㝾, ⹫㝾 㞚㭢Ⱎ NOTE 1 : 䡫 may be used by female students for male seniors because 㡺ザ is often used to refer to a boyfriend who happens to be older. NOTE 2 : Calling teachers by their first name or by using ⹎㓺 or ⹎㓺䎆 is not appropriate. The common ways of addressing teachers in English including ⹎㓺 ₖ or ⹎㓺䎆 ₖ are not appropriate in Korean.

3.1.3 Addressing a family member

The full range of address terms for members of the extended family can be daunting, but the following should suffice in most modern families. Family member Address term Grandmagrandmother 䞶Ⲏ┞䞶Ⲏ┮ Grandpagrandfather 䞶㞚⻚㰖䞶㞚⻚┮ Mommother 㠚Ⱎ㠊Ⲏ┞, 㠊Ⲏ┮ Mother-in-law 㠊Ⲏ┞, 㠊Ⲏ┮ husband’s mother 㠊Ⲏ┮, 㧻⳾┮ wife’s mother Dadfather 㞚ザ㞚⻚㰖, 㞚⻚┮ Father-in-law 㞚⻚┮ husband’s father 㞚⻚┮, 㧻㧎㠊⯎ wife’s father One’s own children first name + 㞚 㟒 Daughter-in-law ㌞㞚Ṗ, 㠊Ⲟ㞚, 㠦⹎㟒 Son-in-law last name + ㍲⹿GG ⹫㍲⹿ child’s name + 㞚⻪GG 㣿㭒㞚⻪ Aunt 㧊⳾, 㧊⳾┮ mother’s sister ἶ⳾, ἶ⳾┮ father’s sister Aunt’s husband 㧊⳾⿖, 㧊⳾⿖┮ mother’s sister’s husband ἶ⳾⿖, ἶ⳾⿖┮ father’s sister’s husband Uncle 㣎㌒㽢 mother’s brother ㌒㽢 father’s brother 䋆㞚⻚㰖, 䋆㞚⻚┮, ⺇⿖┮ father’s older, married brother 㧧㦖㞚⻚㰖, 㧧㦖㞚⻚┮, 㑯⿖┮ father’s younger, married brother Uncle’s wife 㣎㑯⳾ mother’s brother’s wife 䋆㠚Ⱎ, 䋆㠊Ⲏ┞, 䋆㠊Ⲏ┮, ⺇⳾┮ father’s older-brother’s wife 㧧㦖㠚Ⱎ, 㧧㦖㠊Ⲏ┞, 㧧㦖㠊Ⲏ┮, 㑯⳾┮ father’s younger-brother’s wife Sibling 㠎┞ female’s older sister 㡺ザ, 㡺⧒⻚┞ female’s older brother 䡫, 䡫┮ male’s older brother ⑚⋮, ⑚┮, ⑚㧊 male’s older sister NOTE: 㡺⧒⻚┞ ⑚㧊 are old-fashioned. Table continued on the next page