How to express differences

• -▮Ṗ 䞯ᾦ㠦 㧞▮Ṗ 㰧㠦 㧞▮Ṗ ⚮ 㭧㠦 䞮⋮㧒 Ệ㟒. He will be at school or at home, either of the two. ⶦ 䟊㍲ ⹻ ⲏ㰖? ⁎⌻ ῃ㠦 Ⱖ㞚 ⲏ▮Ṗ 䟊㟒Ỷ┺. What should I eat rice with? I guess I better eat it mixed with soup or something. • -✶㰖 ⍺Ṗ 㡺✶㰖 ⌊Ṗ Ṗ✶㰖 ⁎ ➢ ㌗䢿 ⽦㍲ 䞮㧦. Whether you come or I go, let’s play it by ear. ⹻㦚 ⲏ✶㰖 Ⱖ✶㰖 ㌗ὖ 㞞 䟊. I don’t care whether you eat or not. 㕂㕂䞮Ⳋ 㔶ⶎ㦚 㧓✶㰖 䟊. If you’re bored, read a newspaper or something. ニ㧊✶ ⶦ✶ 㫖 ✲㎪㟒㰖㣪. You should eat something, whether it’s bread or anything. • -┺✶㰖…-┺✶㰖 -┺ changes to -⧒ for the verb -㧊┺ 㩚䢪Ṗ 㡾┺✶㰖 ⑚Ṗ 㺔㞚 㡾┺✶㰖 䞮Ⳋ 㯟㔲 㡆⧓䟊, 㞢㞮㰖? Let me know immediately if there’s a phone call or someone looking for me, okay? 㑮⹫㧊⧒✶㰖 㺎㣎⧒✶㰖 ⶦ ⁎⩆ Ệ 㠜㠊㣪? Do you have watermelon or melon, or something like that? • -㧊⧚㰖…-㧊⧚㰖 [spokencolloquial] 㧎㌒㹾⧚㰖 ㌳ṫ㹾⧚㰖 ῃ㌆㹾⪲ 㞚ⶊGỆ⋮ 䞲㧪 㭒㎎㣪. Give me Korean tea, like ginseng tea, ginger tea, or anything like that. 21.1.4 ‘Not only…but also’ • -☚…-ἶ…-☚ 䞒㞚⏎☚ 㧮 䂮ἶ ⏎⧮☚ 㧮 ⿞⩂㣪. She’s not only a good piano-player but also a good singer. ㎇㩗☚ 㤆㑮䞮ἶ ╖㧎ὖἚ☚ 㤦Ⱒ䞿┞┺. He has a high GPA and also gets along well with people. • ͑ -㦚 ㈦▪⩂, -㦚 ㈦Ⱒ 㞚┞⧒ ⲎⰂṖ 㤆㑮䞶 ㈦▪⩂ ⏎⩻☚ Ⱔ㧊 䟊㣪. She is not only smart, but also hard-working. ⶒỊ㧊 Ⱔ㦚 ㈦Ⱒ 㞚┞⧒ Ṩ☚ 㕒 Ệ ṯ㞚㣪. It seems that they not only have a lot of stuff, but their prices are cheap as well. • -Ệ┞㢖, -㦒⩺┞㢖 㔲Ṛ☚ 㠜Ệ┞㢖㠜㦒⩺┞㢖 Ⱒ⋮ἶ 㕌㰖☚ 㞠㞚㣪. Not only do I have no time, but I don’t want to see him either. ↙㦖 ゚㕎₆☚ 䞮⩺┞㢖䞮Ệ┞㢖 ⁞⹿ 㔲✺㠊㍲… Flowers are not only expensive but they wither so soon, so… ☞☚ ☞㧊⩺┞㢖☞㧊Ệ┞㢖 㔲Ṛ☚ ⶎ㩲㟒. Money is a problem, so is time. • -Ⱒ…-Ợ 㞚┞⧒ 㧊 㔳╏㦖 㦢㔳ⰱⰢ 㫡㦖 Ợ 㞚┞⧒ 㫛㠛㤦✺☚ 㺎 䂲㩞䟊. This restaurant not only has good food, but their employees are really kind as well. 䅊䜾䎆㠦Ⱒ ὖ㕂㧊 㧞⓪ Ợ 㞚┞⧒ 㧦☯㹾㠦☚ ὖ㕂㧊 Ⱔ㞚㣪. He is not only interested in computers, but also in cars. • -㧊㧦, -㧊㣪 㻮㦢㧊㧦 Ⱎ㰖Ⱏ㧊┺. This is the first and the last. 㔲㧎㧊㣪 䞯㧦┺. She is a poet and a scholar.

21.2 Combination of unequal-status clauses

In what follows, we will look at conjunctive patterns where one of the clauses is subordinate, providing additional information about the main clause when the action occurred, why it occurred, and so forth. The dividing lines for the various clause types ‘sequence’ versus ‘reason,’ ‘background’ versus ‘sequence,’ etc. is sometimes blurry, but they will do for the purposes of exposition. 21.2.1 Background The following patterns give speakers a way to attract the listener’s interest and to provide the information needed to draw relevant inferences. • -⓪◆㦖◆ To draw the listener’s interest and attention: 㩖 䞲ῃ Ṗ⓪◆ ⶦ ⿖䌗䞶 Ệ 㠜㠊㣪? I’m going to Korea; do you have anything to ask of me? ⿖䌗✲Ⰺ Ợ 䞲 Ṗ㰖 㧞⓪◆ 㫖 ✺㠊 㭒㔲Ỷ㠊㣪? I have one favor to ask of you; would you do it for me? 㧻⳾┮℮ ✲Ⰺ ㌳㧒㍶ⶒ㦚 㺔⓪◆ ⶦṖ 㫡㦚₢㣪? I’m looking to buy a gift for my mother-in-law’s birthday; what do you recommend? 㠊㩲 ⺇䢪㩦㠦 Ṫ㠞⓪◆ ㎎㧒㦚 䋂Ợ 䞮▪⧒ῂ㣪. I went to the department store yesterday and saw that they were having a big sale. To have the listener draw relevant inferences: 㰖⁞ 㫖 䞒Ἲ䞲◆…┺㦢㠦 䞮Ⳋ 㞞♒㣪? I’m a bit tired right now… can I do it later?