⻪㧎㦖 㧦₆ 㧮ⴑ㦚 ⒮㤆䂮Ⳇ ╃⡻ṯ㦖 ⶒ㦚 㭚㭚 䦮⪎┺. The criminal was shedding big tear drops as he lamented his past mistakes.
㔂Ⰲ䗒⯒ ⁎⩝Ợ 㰞㰞 ⊢Ⳇ ┺┞㰖 Ⱎ⧒. Stop going around dragging your slippers like that.
䞮⬾ 㫛㧒 㴚㴚 ῌ㠞▪┞ 㠦 ⾞⓪ Ợ 㠜⍺. After starving to death the whole day, I can eat just about anything.
㺆㕏䞮ἶ ➆‖ ➢Ⰲ⓪ ㏢ⰂṖ ⌂┺. There was a sound as if someone got slapped in the face.
㺆䃋 ㏢ⰂṖ ⌂⓪◆ ㌂㰚㧊 㞞 㹣䡪㠊㣪. It sounded like it took the picture, but it didn’t.
㑮㡗㧻㠦 ㌂⧢㧊 ⍞ⶊ Ⱔ㞚㍲ ⁎⌻ 㻾⻯ỆⰂ┺ 㢪㠊. There were too many people in the pool, so I just splashed around in the water.
ⶒ㧊 䇎䇎 㘵㞚㰖㰖 㞠ἶ 㹪⊪㹪⊪ ⋮㡺⍺㣪. Water
is dripping
out, not pouring out. ⍞ⶊ ㎎Ợ 䂮㰖 Ⱖἶ Ṗ⼣Ợ 䏷 Ị✲⩺ ⽦.
Don’t hit it too hard; try to softly tap it. ➛┻㠦 䎎㖿 㭒㩖㞟㞮┺.
He sat down on the ground with a plop. In the following examples, the sounds are less directly associated with the action
or state described by the sentence but still evoke some aspect of meaning for Koreans.
㤆Ⰲ☚ ⠋⠋ỆⰂἶ ㌊ ➢Ṗ 㢂 Ệ㟒. There will be a time when we can live grandly.
㌂⧢㧊 ⡧ ⩂㰖㰖 ⴑ䞮ἶ ⍞ⶊ 㤆㥶┾䞮┺. She can’t crack down and be firm; she’s too indecisive.
Ẫ ➢ⶎ㠦 ㏣㧊 ⁖⁖ ⊩㠊. I’m boiling with anger because of him.
㔲Ṛ㧊 ⍞ⶊ ザ❅䞮┺. It’s too tight; there’s not enough time.
䅊䜾䎆⧒Ⳋ ザ㌃䟊㣪. If it’s the computer, I’m fairly familiar with it.
㧊⻞ 㧒㦮 ㎇ὒ㠦 ╖䟊 Ṗ㔊㧊 ㈢❅䞿┞┺. I feel happy and satisfied about the results from the recent project.
㠊⪎㦚 ➢⓪ 㢞Ṗ┻㧊▪┞ ↗䞲 ㎇ỿ㦒⪲ ≢㠞㠊. She was boisterous when she was little, but now she is glum and introverted.
⍞⓪ ⁎ 㤇䞮⓪ ㎇ỿ㧊 ⶎ㩲㟒. The problem with you is your hot temper.
ⶊ㓾 ∣∣㧊Ṗ 㧞⓪ Ợ 䔖Ⱂ㠜㠊. There is definitely an ulterior motive.
㡺⓮☚ ➷➷㧊 䂮ἶ 䞯ᾦ㠦 㞞 Ṫῂ⋮, ⍞ You played hookie again, didn’t you?
㰗㧻 ☯⬢Ṗ 㤆Ⰲ ⴆ⧮ 䣢゚⯒ 㝇㕏䟞㠊. My company co-worker embezzled the club membership fees.
13.3 Mimetic expressions 㦮䌲㠊
Mimetic expressions attempt to convey the speaker’s impression of appearances and behaviors through the choice of particular speech sounds. Some expressions
of this type may have both onomatopoeic and mimetic effects.
13.3.1 Impressions of appearance
ṫ㞚㰖Ṗ 㔶ⶎ㦚 Ṟ₆Ṟ₆ 㹸㠊 ⏩㞮㰖 ⶦ㡞㣪. The dog shredded the newspaper into pieces, you know.
㠒Ὴ㠦 ỆỆ䞮Ợ 㭒⁒₾Ṗ ㌳ἒ㠊. Freckles appeared on my face, creating dark spots here and there.
ῂ㰞ῂ㰞䞮Ợ 㧊⩝Ợ ▪⩂㤊 ◆㍲ 㠊⠑Ợ 㧦? It’s grotty, how can I sleep in this messy place?
⋮☚ ⳾⯊Ợ ⶒ㧊 ⁖㗓⁖㗓䟊㰖⍺㣪. I can’t control the tears building up in my eyes.
䞒Ṗ ₢ⶊ㧷㧷䟊㍲ Ịṫ䟊 ⽊㡂㣪. Her skin is nice and dark, so she looks healthy.
㍲⮮Ṗ ↂₙↂₙ ┺ ∎Ỿ㪢┺. The document got wrinkled all over.
㠒㦢㧊 ↗↗ 㠒㠞⍺㣪. The ice is frozen all the way through.
㎎㑮☚ ⴑ䟊㍲ 㠒Ὴ㧊 ⇖㬚㬚䞮┺. I didn’t even get to wash my face, so it looks grimy.
㤊☯䢪Ṗ ⍞▲⍞▲䟊㪢㠊. 䞮⋮ ㌂㟒Ỷ┺. The sneakers are worn out and tattered. I’ll have to buy new ones.
㫗㦖 ☯⍺㠦 㰧✺㧊 ┺┻┺┻ 㠊 㧞┺. The houses are clustered together in the small town.
䞯☯㞞 㡂₆㩖₆ ῆ㌊㧊 ▪▫▪▫ 㠞㠊㣪. I gained weight all over during the vacation.
㎎㑮 㫖 䟊⧒. 㠦 㧊 ▫㰖▫㰖 ⋒㠞⍺. Wash your face. You still have crud stuck all over in your eyes.
㠒Ὴ㧊 ☯⁖☯⁖䟊㍲ 㞚㭒 㠊⩺ ⽊㡂㣪. His face is nice and round, so he looks very young.
㺛㌗ 㥚Ṗ ⛺㭓㭓 㩫㔶㧊 䞮⋮☚ 㠜┺. The desk is so cluttered I can’t find anything.
䂮㞚Ṗ 㟓Ṛ ✺㚻⋶㚻䞮㔲⍺㣪. ᾦ㩫㦚 㞚 ⽊㔺 ㌳ṗ 㠜㦒㎎㣪? Your teeth are slightly crooked. What do you think about getting braces?
ⲏἶ 㧶Ⱒ 㧦┞₢ ⛺⬿⛺⬿ ㌊㧊 㹦┺. I do nothing but eat and sleep, and I’m getting fatter and fatter.
⹎⊞䞮Ợ 㧮 ザ㪢┺. He has a nice body.
⺇䢪㩦㠦 ㌂⧢㧊 ⁖⁖䞮▪⧒. The mall was bustling with people.
㩖Ợ ⶦṖ ⋶㞂䞲Ệ┞, 㕏 Ⱎ⯎ Ệ㰖. That’s not slender, but skinny to the bone.
㧚㌆㻮⩒ ⺆Ṗ ⬿ 䓖㠊⋮㢪⍺. My stomach is bulging as if I’m pregnant.
䕢ⰞṖ ⍞ⶊ ザ⁖ザ⁖䞮Ợ ⋮㢪┺. The perm came out too curly.
⍞ⶊ ▪㤢㍲ ➖㧊 ㄮㄮ ⋲┺. It’s
so hot
I’m sweating bullets. 㭚㧊 ㋦⣺㋦⣺䞮Ợ ⁎⩺㪢⍺.
The line came out squiggly. 㰧㧊 㩫Ⱖ 㦒Ⰲ㦒Ⰲ䞮▪⧒.
The house is so luxurious, I noticed. ㌳⁖㌳⁖ 㤙⓪ ⳾㔋㧊 ‖㡂㤢㣪.
Her pleasantly smiling face is cute. ⁎ ⋾㧦⺆㤆⓪ 㝿 㤙㦚 ➢Ṗ 㩲㧒 ⲡ㧞㠊㣪.
That actor is most handsome when he flashes a big smile. ⋮⓪ 㠒⬿▲⬿䞲 ⶊ│ ⽊┺⓪ ┾㌟㧊 㫡▪⧒ῂ㣪.
I prefer a single color to a multi-colored design. ㌞⪲ ㌆ 䢪㧻䛞㧊 䞒㠦 㞞 ⋮ ⽦. 㠒Ὴ㠦 㡺☢☚☢ ⶦṖ ⋲┺.
I think my skin is allergic to the new make-up. My face is breaking out in a rash. 㞚㧊Ṗ 㟧 ⽒㧊 㡺☯䐋䟊㍲ 㞚㭒 ‖㡂㤢㣪.
The kid’s cheeks are so chubby, it’s cute.
䆪Ṗ 㡺⡧䞲 Ợ 㧮 ㌳ἒ┺. He’s good looking with a high nose.
⋾㧦Ṗ 㤆⧓⧓䞲 Ợ 㫖 ⶊ㎃Ợ ㌳ἒ㠊. The guy looks rough, so he appears a bit scary.
Ṗ㦚㠦⓪ 㤎䞲 ┾䛣㧊 㩫Ⱖ ⽒Ⱒ䟊㣪. The leaves changing color in the fall are worth seeing.
₎㧊 㤎䒗䒗䟊㍲ 㧮ⴑ䞮┺Ṛ ⍮㠊㰖Ỷ┺. The road is bumpy, so you might fall if you’re not careful.
⋮ⶊ㠦 Ṧ㧊 㭒⩗㭒⩗ ╂ⰆỢ 䌦㓺⩂㤢 ⽊㧎┺. The blossoming persimmon clusters on the tree look delicious and tempting.
䞮㢖㧊⓪ ₎㧊 㶟㶟 ㄭ㰖 㞠ἶ ↂↂ䞮┺. The roads in Hawaii are winding, not straight.
㢍㧊 ┺ Ⱖ⧦㦒Ⳋ 㹾ἷ㹾ἷ Ṳ㠊 ⏩㞚⧒. When the clothes are dry, neatly fold them.
⽊㍳㦚 ⍞ⶊ 䂮⩗䂮⩗ ╂Ⳋ 㻲䟊 ⽊㧊㰖 㞠┞? If you have too much jewelry hanging from you, won’t you
look cheap and superficial?
䖓䖓䍇䍇䞮▮ 䞒Ṗ 㴒⁖㴒⁖䟊 㰚┺. My once tight and toned skin is turning wrinkly.
㧊 㔶⋮Ợ 䗧䗧 㘵㞚㰚┺. It’s snowing hard; it’s exciting.
⤇⤇䞮₊㣪. 䙂☯䙂☯䞲 Ợ ‖㡓₆Ⱒ 䞮⍺㣪. What do you mean ‘fat’? His chubbiness is just cute.
㌊㧊 ザ㪎㍲ ↟ ⋒▮ 㼃㰖Ṗ 䠦⩗䠦⩗䟊㪢┺. I lost weight, so my blue jeans that used to be tight became big and baggy.
䋺Ṗ 䢎Ⰲ䢎Ⰲ䞮Ợ 䋂ἶ 㠒Ὴ☚ ⁎Ⱒ䞮Ⳋ ⹎㧎㧊㠦㣪. She’s tall and slender, and has a fairly beautiful face.
㠊❪ 㞚䕶㠊㣪? ⁎☯㞞 㠒Ὴ㧊 䢖㶟䟊㪢⍺㣪. Were you sick? Your face got smaller from your losing weight.
ⲎⰂṖ 䧂⊭䧂⊭䞲 Ợ 㩗㠊☚ 40 ╖ 㭧㦖 ♦㦚 Ệ㟒. His few grey hairs show that he must be at least in his mid 40s.
13.3.2 Impressions of behaviormotionmanner
㥭✺ Ⱖ㝖 ἶἶ 㧮 ✹☚⪳ 䟊. Make sure you obediently listen to your superiors.
㩖 ㌂⧢㦖 㞚Ṗ 㕂䟊. ὒ㧻┮Ⱒ ⽊Ⳋ ⓮ ΐ㔺Ệ⩺. That person brown-noses a lot. Whenever the director is around,
he sucks up to him bowing constantly.
㑮㌗䞮Ợ 㢲 ⋾㦮 㰧㦚 ₆㤙ỆⰂ㰖? I wonder why he is suspiciously snooping around other people’s houses?
㞚㹾, ₲シ䟞┺. Oops, I totally forgot [I blinked].
㤆Ⰲ 㞚ザ⓪ ⌊ ☯㌳㧊⧒Ⳋ 㢚㩚 ™ㄧ 㭓㦒㎪. My dad would give his life when it comes to my brother.
㎇ỿ㧊 ⍞ⶊ ↂ㧻ↂ㧻䟊㍲ 䞒Ἲ䟊. His personality is so straight and strong that it is tiring.
㧊⩝Ợ →㰖⧓ỆⰂ┺Ṗ ⡦ ⓼Ỷ┺. We’ll be late again if we act this slow and clumsy.
⍞ⶊ 㫎⩺㍲ ṫ㦮㔲Ṛ ⌊⌊ ∎⻛∎⻛ 㫎㞮㠊㣪. I was so drowsy that I was nodding off through the entire lecture.
㰖⩗㧊Ṗ ∞䔖∞䔖䞮⓪ Ợ ⍞ⶊ 㰫⁎⩓┺. It’s so disgusting the way worms wiggle.
㞢㞮┺⓪ ❅㧊 ἶṲ⯒ ⊚▫⊚▫䞲┺. He’s nodding his head as if in agreement.
䂾㹿䞮㰖 ⴑ䞮ἶ 㢲 㧊⩝Ợ ▲⩗╖┞? Why can’t you be calm; why do you act so carelessly?
㭖┺ἶ ⁎⩝Ợ ▻㍳ ⓪ Ợ 㠊❪ 㧞㠊? How can you snatch it so quickly just because someone offered it?
Ἒ┾㠦㍲ ⍮㠊㪎 Ṭἶ ◆Ὴ◆Ὴ Ὴ⩂ ⟾㠊㪢㠊. He fell and rolled down the stairs.
䟊㍲ 㦚 ☯☯ ῂ⯎┺. He is in such a hurry he can’t stop moving around.
ῂ⯒ 㺔⓪㰖 Ἒ㏣ ⚦Ⰲ⻞ỆⰂ⍺㣪. He keeps looking around as if he’s looking for somebody.
⋮⓪ ⤇䞲 ㌂⧢⽊┺⓪ ⋮⋮䞲 ㌂⧢㧊 㫡▪⧒. I prefer a soft and gentle person over a glum and untalkative one.
㞢㰖☚ ⴑ䞮⓪ ㌂⧢䞮ἶ ⰾ㒃ⰾ㒃 㞟㞚㍲ ⶊ㓾 㟮₆⯒ 䟊㣪?
What can I talk about, sitting awkwardly with someone I don’t even know?
ῆἶῂⰞ㠦㍲ ₖ㧊 ⳾⧓⳾⧓ ⋮⍺㣪. The steam is rising from the baked sweet potato.
㌂ὒ⋮ⶊṖ ⶊ⩃ⶊ⩃ 㧮 㧦⧖┺. The apple tree is growing rapidly.
⋮⓪ 䞲 ➢Ⱒ 㥶ⳛ䟞┺Ṗ 㧠䡖㰖⓪ 㰳Ṗ㑮⓪ ♮₆ 㕁㠊. I don’t want to be a flash-in-the-pan type of singer.
⺇䢪㩦㠦㍲ 㡺⓮ 䞮⬾Ⱒ 㰳㎎㧒㦚 䞲╖㣪. I heard that there’s a surprise one-day sale at the department store today.
₎㠦 ⛺⪲ ⻢⩗ 㧦ザ㪢㠊. I slipped and fell flat on my back on the snowy road.
ⶦṖ ⶊ㎃┺ἶ ⁎⩝Ợ ⻢⻢ ⟾㠊? What’s so scary that you’re trembling like that?
⍞ⶊ 䢪Ṗ ⋮㍲ ㏦㧊 ✺✺ ⟾Ⰶ┺. I am so angry that my hands are shaking.
㞚䂾䎆 ゚Ṗ 㔂㔂 㡺⍺㣪. It’s been drizzling since morning.
㢲 㧊⩝Ợ ゚㔺゚㔺 ₆㤊㧊 㠜┞? Why do you mope around with no energy?
゚䔖゚䔖䞮⓪ Ệ ⽊┞₢ 㤊㩚䞮Ⳋ 㞞 ♮Ỷ┺. Seeing you staggering and wobbling, there’s no way you can drive.
⁎ ㌂⧢㦖 ☚╖㼊 ザⰕザⰕ䞲 ῂ㍳㧊 㠜ἶ ⓦ⩺ 䎆㪢㠊. That person does nothing energetically and is terribly slow with everything.
╊⺆Ⱒ ㄦ⊪ㄦ⊪ 䞒㤆ἶ 㞟㞚 㧞㰖 Ⱖἶ ⋮Ṗ㍲ 㧒㧦Ⰲ 㫖 㺔㞚 ⽦. Stop sitting around puffing on your cigarette and go look for a job.
㧊 㧒㠦 ╖䟊㍲ 㧛☚ ㄻ⊭䞮㰖Ⱎ, 㞢㞮㰖? Don’t say a word about this, okay?
䞮⬾㫛㧒 ㈆⪲䐋䟊㍲ Ⱖ☚ 㞞 䟊㣪. She doesn’t even talk, sulking and pouting all day.
⳾┮㧊 ₾㔲㰖 㞠Ợ 㠦 ㌊⁞㌊⁞ ✺㠊Ṫ㠊㣪. I tip-toed in, so my parents wouldn’t wake up.
㤆⓪ 㞚㧊⯒ ㌊㌊ ╂⧮㟒㰖 ⁎⩝Ợ 㦓㰖⯊Ⳋ 㠊⟷䟊㣪? How can you scold him so harshly when you should be comforting the crying kid?
⧢㧊 ㏪㏪ 㠊 㞚㭒 㔲㤦䞮┺. The gentle breeze is very refreshing.
㫎⩺㍲ 㧊 㓺⯊⯊ Ṧ₊┺. My eye lids are slowly drooping because I’m sleepy.
