Some recently created expressions

• Τhings that are put on by ‘spraying’: 뿌리다 향수는 너무 많이 뿌리지 않고 당히 뿌리는 것이 히 중요하다. It’s extremely important not to overdo one’s perfume but to wear just the right amount. • Things that are put on by ‘wrapping around’: 두르다 앞치마 apron 수건 towel 두건 bandana 실크 스카프 silk scarf 털 도리 wool scarf 숄 shawl 머리에는 두건을 두르고 에는 수건을 둘렀더라구요. I saw him with a bandana around his head and a towel around his neck. • Things that are put on by ‘inserting’: 꽂다 머리에 핀을 꽂고 양쪽 귀 뒤에 꽃을 꽂았어요. She wore a pin in her hair and flowers behind both her ears. • Things accessories that are put on in various manners: 하다 타이 necktie 벨트 belt 스카프 도리 scarf 팔찌발찌 braceletanklet 귀걸이 ear ring 걸이 necklace 리본 ribbon 머리핀 hairpin 가발 wig 가면 mask 앞치마 apron 브래지어 bra 큰 도리를 하니까 귀걸이가 안 보인다. Because you wore a big scarf, I cannot see your ear rings. • Any of the articles from above and other things that can be put on as part of formal attire, out of regulation, and so on: 용하다 [writtenformal] 유니폼 uniform 군 military uniform 교 school uniform 배지 badge 예 ceremonial clothes 정장 formal suit 수영모 bathing cap 구명조끼 life vest 이름표명찰 name tag 수영장에서는 반드시 수영모자를 용해 주시기 바랍니다. Please be sure to wear bathing caps in the pool. NOTE: 입다, 쓰다, 달다, etc. are used in non-formal situations: 수영모자 안 쓰고 수영하다 걸렸어 ‘I got caught while swimming without a bathing cap.’ As we have seen, more than one verb can be used with a particular item. This can come about due to differences in the formality of the situation as in the case of 달다 vs. 부 하다 and 입다쓰다달다 vs. 용하다. In addition, the choice of verb can vary depending on whether the speaker focuses on the body part that is covered or the manner of putting something on. So we can say 안경을 쓰다 because glasses are put on the head, but we can also say 안경을 끼다 because they are slipped on. Finally, when there is more than one manner of wearing a certain item usually accessories, 하다 may be used instead of a more specialized verb. Thus, we can say 타이를 매다 or 하다, 벨트를 매다 or 하다, 팔찌를 차다 or 하다, and so on.

11.2 Verbs of taking off

Verbs of taking off are not as diverse as verbs of wearing. There are just a few such verbs, and the choice among them is based on how something is taken off, as the examples below illustrate. Perfume cannot be taken off and an umbrella is either folded, for which the verb 접다 is used, or shut down, for which 끄다 is used. • Things that are taken off by ‘peeling’ or ‘lifting off’: 벗다 옷 any type of garment 신발 any type of shoes 양말 socks 스타킹 stockings 브래지어 bra 안경 glasses 모자 hat 가발 wig 가면 mask 장 gloves 옷도 안 벗고 신발도 안 벗은 채 그냥 잠이 들었어요. He fell asleep without taking off his clothes or even his shoes. • Things that are taken off by ‘taking out’: 빼다 반지 ring 귀걸이 ear ring 걸이 necklace 팔찌 bracelet 장 gloves 시계 watch 안경 glasses 콘택트 렌즈 contact lens 벨트 belt 핀 pin 리본 ribbon 기저귀 diaper 배지 badge 이름표 name tag 찜질방에 갈 때는 반지하고, 걸이, 귀걸이 전부 빼 놓고 가도록 해. Make sure to take the ring, necklace, and ear rings all off when you go to the sauna. • Things that are taken off by ‘untying’: 풀다 타이 necktie 시계 watch 도리 scarf 벨트 belt 할텐데 타이 푸세요. You must be feeling stuffy; why don’t you take your necktie off? • Things that are taken off by ‘detaching’: 떼다 밖에 나갈 때는 배지하고 이름표를 떼자. Let’s take off the badge and the name tag when we go out. Notice that more than one verb can be used with certain items: 안경을 벗다 or 빼다, 장 을 벗다 or 빼다, 시계를 풀다 or 빼다, and so on.

11.3 Verbs of playing

Unlike in English where the verb ‘play’ is used for all sorts of sports, games, and music, several different verbs are used in Korean. It is very important to note that 놀다 is an intransitive verb that means only ‘play around without doing any type of purposeful activity’ – the opposite of work. So, it cannot be used to describe participation in sports or games with the exception of 윷놀다 ‘play yut sticks’ – a traditional Korean game. Instead, as the next examples show, you must choose from a variety of other verbs based on the type of activity that is involved. • Activities that involve hitting – keyboards, a ball, cards, etc.: 치다 드럼 drum Korean drum 장구 hour-glass-shaped drum 기타 guitar 피아노 piano 탁구 table tennis 테니스 tennis 배드민턴 badminton 골프 golf 볼링 bowling 화투 hwat’ucards 트럼프 western cards 피아노는 좀 치는데 기타는 못 쳐요. I can play the piano a little bit, but I can’t play the guitar. 화투칠 때는 장불입이죠. When you play hwat’u, you cannot take your card back once you put it out. • Activities that involve plucking strings: 켜다 바이올린 violin 첼로 cello 가야금 Kayag ŭm 바이올린 켜는 소리가 정말 아름 다. The violin sound is really beautiful. • Activities that involve blowing: 불다 플룻 flute 피리 pipe 트럼펫 trumpet 색소폰 saxophone 나팔 bugle 호루라기 whistle 밤에 피리 부는 소리가 처량하게 들린다. The sound of playing a pipe at night is sad. • Playing musical instruments formally or professionally: 연주하다 다음 달에 국립 장에서 첼로를 연주할 예정입니다. I will be performing cello at the National Theater next month. • Activities that involve placing a piece in a board game: 두다 바 은 좀 두는데 장기는 못 둡니다. I can play paduk, but I don’t know how to play chess.