ῆἶῂⰞ㠦㍲ ₖ㧊 ⳾⧓⳾⧓ ⋮⍺㣪. The steam is rising from the baked sweet potato.
㌂ὒ⋮ⶊṖ ⶊ⩃ⶊ⩃ 㧮 㧦⧖┺. The apple tree is growing rapidly.
⋮⓪ 䞲 ➢Ⱒ 㥶ⳛ䟞┺Ṗ 㧠䡖㰖⓪ 㰳Ṗ㑮⓪ ♮₆ 㕁㠊. I don’t want to be a flash-in-the-pan type of singer.
⺇䢪㩦㠦㍲ 㡺⓮ 䞮⬾Ⱒ 㰳㎎㧒㦚 䞲╖㣪. I heard that there’s a surprise one-day sale at the department store today.
₎㠦 ⛺⪲ ⻢⩗ 㧦ザ㪢㠊. I slipped and fell flat on my back on the snowy road.
ⶦṖ ⶊ㎃┺ἶ ⁎⩝Ợ ⻢⻢ ⟾㠊? What’s so scary that you’re trembling like that?
⍞ⶊ 䢪Ṗ ⋮㍲ ㏦㧊 ✺✺ ⟾Ⰶ┺. I am so angry that my hands are shaking.
㞚䂾䎆 ゚Ṗ 㔂㔂 㡺⍺㣪. It’s been drizzling since morning.
㢲 㧊⩝Ợ ゚㔺゚㔺 ₆㤊㧊 㠜┞? Why do you mope around with no energy?
゚䔖゚䔖䞮⓪ Ệ ⽊┞₢ 㤊㩚䞮Ⳋ 㞞 ♮Ỷ┺. Seeing you staggering and wobbling, there’s no way you can drive.
⁎ ㌂⧢㦖 ☚╖㼊 ザⰕザⰕ䞲 ῂ㍳㧊 㠜ἶ ⓦ⩺ 䎆㪢㠊. That person does nothing energetically and is terribly slow with everything.
╊⺆Ⱒ ㄦ⊪ㄦ⊪ 䞒㤆ἶ 㞟㞚 㧞㰖 Ⱖἶ ⋮Ṗ㍲ 㧒㧦Ⰲ 㫖 㺔㞚 ⽦. Stop sitting around puffing on your cigarette and go look for a job.
㧊 㧒㠦 ╖䟊㍲ 㧛☚ ㄻ⊭䞮㰖Ⱎ, 㞢㞮㰖? Don’t say a word about this, okay?
䞮⬾㫛㧒 ㈆⪲䐋䟊㍲ Ⱖ☚ 㞞 䟊㣪. She doesn’t even talk, sulking and pouting all day.
⳾┮㧊 ₾㔲㰖 㞠Ợ 㠦 ㌊⁞㌊⁞ ✺㠊Ṫ㠊㣪. I tip-toed in, so my parents wouldn’t wake up.
㤆⓪ 㞚㧊⯒ ㌊㌊ ╂⧮㟒㰖 ⁎⩝Ợ 㦓㰖⯊Ⳋ 㠊⟷䟊㣪? How can you scold him so harshly when you should be comforting the crying kid?
⧢㧊 ㏪㏪ 㠊 㞚㭒 㔲㤦䞮┺. The gentle breeze is very refreshing.
㫎⩺㍲ 㧊 㓺⯊⯊ Ṧ₊┺. My eye lids are slowly drooping because I’m sleepy.
㧊㩲 ⋶㝾☚ ㍶㍶䟊㪢㦒┞ 㤊☯㦚 㔂㔂 㔲㧧䟊 ⽒₢? Now that the weather is getting cooler, shall we slowly start exercising?
⋮☚ ╖ṫ 㞢ἶ 㧞㦒┞₢ 㔲㔲䆲䆲 ┺ 㟮₆䞶 䞚㣪 㠜㠊.
You don’t have to give me all the trivial details because I generally know what it’s about.
⋾₆㰖 Ⱖἶ 㕏㕏 ⲏ㠊 䂮㤆㧦.
Let’s not leave any food and eat everything on the plate. Ṗ㍲ 㧮ⴑ䟞┺ἶ 㕏㕏 ア㠊 ⽦.
Go and desperately try to beg for forgiveness.
㫛㠛㤦✺㧊 ┺ 㕏㕏䞮ἶ 䂲㩞䟊㣪. All the waiterswaitresses are so pleasant and kind.
㞚₆Ṗ 㞚㧻㞚㧻 ọ⓪ Ợ ⍞ⶊ ‖㡓⍺㣪. The baby’s toddling around is very cute.
Ἒ㏣ 㧒㠊㎆┺ 㞟㞮┺ 㞞㩞㩞ⴑ䞮ἶ 㧞㠊㣪. He’s restlessly getting up and down.
㠊ⶒ㠊ⶒ䞮┺Ṛ ⁎ ⋾㧦 ┺⯎ 㡂㧦䞲䎢 ュ₊┺. If you don’t make yourself clear and dawdle, you will
lose that man to some other girl.
⏎⓪ 䂲ῂ✺䞮ἶ 㠊㤎⩺ ┺┞Ⳇ 㠊㡗㡗䞮┺Ṗ ╖䞯 㰚䞯㦚 ⴑ䟞㠊㣪. Idling away my time while getting along with academically non-serious friends,
I failed to go to college.
㠒⩗⤇➛ ⍮㠊Ṗ㰖 Ⱖἶ 䌲☚⯒ 䢫㔺䞮Ợ 䟊. Don’t behave so evasively and take a definitive position.
䠞ⰂṖ ⍞ⶊ 㞚䗒㍲ 㠟⁞㠟⁞ ₆㠊┺┦ 㩫☚㡞㣪. My back hurts so much that I have to crawl around.
⍞ⶊ 㿪㤢㍲ 㡺✺㡺✺ ⟾Ⰶ┺. It’s so cold that I’m shivering.
㤆ⶒ㶞ⶒ䞮㰖 Ⱖἶ ➇ ⩂㰖Ợ ㍺ⳛ㦚 ✲⩺. Stop stammering around and give her a clear-cut explanation.
䞯㌳✺㧊 㔲䠮ⶎ㩲Ṗ 㠊⩺㤢㍲ 㲪㲪ⰺ▮◆㣪. I noticed that the students were having a rough time because the test was so hard.
㴖㴖䞮Ợ ⶮ ⁎⩆ ㌂㏢䞲 㧒㠦 㔶ἓ㦚 㝆ἶ ⁎⧮? Why are you so sensitive about such a trifling matter?
䠞⚻╖㰖 Ⱖἶ 㹾⁒㹾⁒ Ⱖ䟊 ⽦㣪. Stop
rushing and try to explain it to me slowly and carefully.
㞚ザṖ ⍞ⶊ 䢪Ṗ ⋮㍲ 䗚㲣䗚㲣 ⥆㎾㠊. My dad was so angry that he was jumping up and down.
⍞ 㑶 䀾䟞ῂ⋮, 䟊⫇䟊⫇䞮⓪ Ệ ⽊┞₢. You must be drunk because I see you acting silly.
䟊㍲ 䠞ỗ㰖ỗ ⋮㡺ⓦ⧒ἶ 㞚䂾☚ ⴑ ⲏ㠞㠊㣪. I was in such a rush leaving home this morning that I couldn’t even have breakfast.
⓼Ợ 㧒㠊⋮㍲ 䠞⚻㰖⚻䞮㰖 Ⱖἶ 㧒㹣 㧒㠊⋮. Wake up early and don’t get yourself all flustered by rushing because
you woke up late.
ⶒ㠦 ザ㪎 䠞㤆㩗╖⓪ Ỏ ㌊⩺ 㮂┺. I saved the drowning person who was splashing around.
ⶊ㓾 㧒㧊⧒☚ ⋲ ❅ 䠦⩞⻢⟷ ⥆㠊Ṗ▮◆㣪. I saw him running along panting and puffing as if something had happened.
㧊 䢲䢲 㧮 䌚┺. The fire is burning well.
ⶊ㓾 䞲 㧒㧊 㧞⓪㰖 䤚┻┻ ⥆㠊⋮Ṗ▮◆㣪. I saw him rushing out hurriedly, maybe because he has something urgent.
ⴎ㌊₆㤊㧊 㧞⓪㰖 㡾ⴎ㧊 䤚✺䤚✺ ⟾⩺. My whole body is shivering; I must be having flu symptoms.
ệ㩫㧒⧧ 䤢䤢 䎎㠊 ⻚Ⰲἶ 㡂䟟㦚 ⟶⋮ ⽊⓪ Ợ 㠊➢? Shed your worries completely and why don’t you take a trip?
䞮⬾㫛㧒 ῌ㠞▪┞ ┺ⰂṖ 䥮㼃ỆⰆ┺. My legs are unsteady after not having eaten all day long.
㧊Ṗ 䦪✺䦪✺ ザ㰞 Ệ ṯ㞚㣪. The wobbly tooth looks like it’s about to come out.
㧊⩝Ợ ☞㦚 䦻㼃ⰳ㼃 㝆┺Ṛ Ἵ 㞢Ệ㰖 ♮Ỷ┺. If we mindlessly splurge money like this, we will soon end up as bums.
㩖 ㌂⧢㧊 㞚₢䎆 㤆Ⰲ⯒ 䧦⊭䧦⊭ 㰞⪲ 㼦┺⽊⍺. That person has been glancing at us from the corner of his eye.
13.4 Expressions denoting feeling and touch 㦮㩫㠊
13.4.1 Impressions of feeling
₆㠋㧊 ṖⶒṖⶒ䞲◆㣪. My memory is hazy. I can’t remember it clearly.
Ṗ ⌊ 㟮₆䞮⋮ ⽊┺, ‖Ṗ Ṛ㰞Ṛ㰞䟊. My ears are tingling [tickling], so someone must be talking about me.
㡂䟟䞮ἶ 㕌㠊㍲ ⴎ㧊 ⁒㰞⁒㰞䟊㣪. I’m itching to go traveling.
㌳㍶䣢⯒ ⲏἶ ⋮Ⳋ 䟃㌗ ㏣㧊 ⓦ⁖ⓦ⁖䟊. I feel nauseous everytime after I eat raw fish.
㧊 ⍞ⶊ ↂ✺⡦✺䟊㍲ ⴑ ⲏỶ㠊㣪. I don’t think I can eat the rice because it’s too dry and hard.
⁎ ㌂⧢Ⱒ ⽊Ⳋ Ṗ㔊㧊 ⚦⁒⚦⁒ ⥆㠊. My heart starts beating fast everytime I see him.
ῃ 㫖 ➆⊞➆⊞䞮Ợ ◆㤢 㭒㎎㣪. Please make the soup piping hot for me.
Ↄ ⋮⯒ ⚦ἶ 䞮⓪ Ⱖ㧎 ộ ṯ㞚㍲ ⥾⊪䟞㠊. I was feeling guilty [I had a stinging feeling] because
he sounded like he was talking about me.
䞮⬾㫛㧒 ⲎⰂṖ ⧋䞮┺. I’ve been having a dull headache all day.
㩫㔶㧊 Ⱖ⡻Ⱖ⡻䞲 Ợ 㧶㧊 㞞 㡾┺. I can’t sleep because I’m wide awake.
㹾Ⲗ⹎Ṗ ⋮⓪ 㰖 ㏣㧊 ⰺ㓻Ệ⩺㣪. I think I’m having motion-sickness from the car ride; I’m feeling nauseous.
⳿㧊 ⍞ⶊ Ⱖ⧒㍲ 㰳㰳 䌚┺. I’m so thirsty that my throat is burning.
Ⱎ㦢㧊 㕇㒃㌳㒃䟊㍲ 㧒㧊 ㏦㠦 㧮 㞞 㧷䡖㣪. My mind is scattered and wandering, so I can’t work.
䞮Ⱎ䎆Ⳋ 㭓㦚 ㄪ䟞㠊. 㰖⁞ ㌳ṗ䟊☚ 㞚㹪䞮┺. I almost died. I still feel jumpy when I think about it.
㞢┺Ṗ☚ ⳾⯊Ỷ㠊㣪. 㩫Ⱖ 㞢㙃╂㙃㞚Ⰲ㏷䟊㣪. I think I know it, but I don’t. It’s really vague and perplexing.
㠊㰞㠊㰞䞲 Ợ ⲎⰂṖ クク ☞┺. I’m so dizzy that my head is spinning.
Ⱎ䀾Ṗ 㞞 䛖⩺㍲ 㞚㰗☚ 㠒㠒䟊. I’m still feeling the effects of the anesthetic, so I still feel numb.
㰦㦚 㫖 ⋶⧦▪┞ 㡾ⴎ㧊 㤇㔶㤇㔶 㚺㔶┺. After moving some luggage, my whole body is aching.
ⴎ㌊Ṧ₆ ỎⰂ⩺⋮ ⽦. 㧦∎ 㦒㔂㦒㔂 㿪㤢. I must be catching the flu. I keep feeling cold.
ⲎⰂṖ 㰖⊞㰖⊞䞮┺. My head is pounding.
㰲Ⱅ䞲 Ṧ☯㦚 㭒⓪ ⁎⩆ 㡗䢪㡞㣪. That’s the type of film that moves and electrifies you.
㺓䞒䟊㍲ 㠒Ὴ㧊 䢪⊞ ╂㞚㡺⯊⓪ Ệ 㧞㰖. My face suddenly started burning, you know, because I was feeling embarrassed.
13.4.2 Impressions of touch
Ỿ㤎㧊⧒ ⁎⩆Ṗ? 㠒Ὴ㧊 ₢䂶₢䂶䟊㪢㠊㣪. I wonder whether it’s because it’s winter. My face became very dry.
Ⱖ⧧Ⱖ⧧䞮▮ ニ㧊 ㌞ ➇➇䟊㪢⍺㣪. The nice and soft bread became rock hard overnight.
㹾⯒ 䟃㌗ ✺✺䞮Ợ ┼㞚 Ṭἶ ┺┢┺. He always keeps his car super shiny.
㰖㎇䞒⧒㍲ 㠒Ὴ㠦 Ṳ₆⯚㧊 䟃㌗ ⻞✺⻞✺䟊㣪. I have oily skin, so my face is always greasy.
㌊ἆ㧊 㩫Ⱖ ⽊✺⽊✺䞮┺. Your skin is really silky smooth.
㠒ῊⰢ ズ✲⯊⯊䞮Ợ ㌳Ỿ Ṭἶ 㢚㩚 ⋶⧒Ⰲ㟒. The only thing going for her is her sleek-looking face; she’s
a really superficial playgirl.
Ṗ㭓㧊 ✲⩓㰖Ṗ 㞠ἶ 㞚㭒 ㄹㄹ䞮⍺㣪. The
leather is very stiff, not soft.
㧎㩞⹎Ṗ 㴚ₙ㴚ₙ䞲 Ợ ⰱ㧞┺. This sweet-rice cake is good because it’s chewy.
14 Numbers
Like English, Korean makes use of two types of numbers – cardinal numbers, which are used for simple counting e.g., one book, two books, etc., and ordinal
numbers, which are used to indicate order or position in a series e.g., first place, second place, and so on.
Unlike English, Korean makes use of two sets of numbers, one native Korean in origin and the other Sino-Korean. Native numbers stop at 99, but Sino-Korean
numbers can be as long as 16 digits.
14.1 Native Korean numbers
14.1.1 Native Korean cardinal numbers
1 䞮⋮ 2 ⚮ 3
㎡ 4 ⎍ 5
┺㎅ 6 㡂㎅ 7
㧒 8 㡂▵ 9
㞚䢟 10 㡊
20 㓺ⶒ 21 㓺ⶒ䞮⋮ 30 ㍲⯎ 40
Ⱎ䦪 50 㓆
60 㡞㑲 70 㧒䦪 80
㡂✶ 90 㞚䦪 99
㞚䦪㞚䢟 NOTE: When followed by a counter, 䞮⋮, ⚮, ㎡, ⎍, and 㓺ⶒ change their form to 䞲
Ṳ, ⚦ Ṳ, ㎎ Ṳ, ⍺ Ṳ, and 㓺ⶊ Ṳ, respectively. For some counters such as 㧻, 㧪, ╂, ┾, and ╖ see 14.3.1, ㎎⍺ alternates with ㍳⍟, mostly in the speech of
senior adults.
14.1.2 Native Korean ordinal numbers
Native Korean ordinal numbers are formed by adding -㱎 to the cardinal number – except for 㼁㱎 ‘first.’
㼁㱎, ⚮㱎⚦㱎, ㎡㱎㎎㱎, …㡊䞲㱎, 㡊⚦㱎, …㓺ⶊ㱎, 㓺ⶒ䞲㱎,…
When the number occurs with a counterclassifier see 14.3.1, -㱎 is attached after the counter.
㡺⓮ ㌂ὒ ㎎ Ṳ㱎 ⲏ⓪┺. This is the third apple that I’m eating today.
┺㎅ ╂㱎 ㏢㔳㧊 㠜㠊㣪. There’s no news for the fifth month in a row.
⻢㖾 㡂▵ ⼧㱎㟒. It’s the
eighth bottle already. ⻢㖾 ⳝ ⻞㱎 㟮₆⯒ 䟞⓪㰖 ⴆ⧒. I already told him for the umpteenth time.
14.2 Sino-Korean numbers 14.2.1 Sino-Korean cardinal numbers
1 㧒 螐 2 㧊 蝊 3
㌒ 芓 4 ㌂ 艏 5
㡺 薺 6 㥷 蜄 7
䂶 謥 8 䕪 讱 9
ῂ 粝 10 㕃 葟
20 㧊㕃 21 㧊㕃㧒 30
㌒㕃 40 ㌂㕃 50
㡺㕃 60 㥷㕃 70
䂶㕃 80 䕪㕃 90
ῂ㕃 99 ῂ㕃ῂ
NOTE: Chinese characters are provided in parentheses. Unlike English, which breaks down long numbers into three-numeral units,
Korean organizes long numbers into four-numeral chunks. Nonetheless, when writing large Arabic numbers, Korean uses commas to group numerals into sets
of three, just as English does.
English: 9,| 6 0 1, | 2 3 4 ,| 5 0 0, | 7 8 9
trillion billion million thousand 9 trillion, 601 billion, 234 million, 500 thousand, 789
Korean: 9, | 6 0 1 , 2 | 3 4 , 5 0 | 0 , 7 8 9
㫆 㠋 Ⱒ
9 㫆 6,012 㠋 3,450 Ⱒ 0,789 [ῂ㫆 㥷㻲㕃㧊㠋 ㌒㻲㌂⺇㡺㕃Ⱒ 䂶⺇䕪㕃ῂ]
To keep the groupings clear, it is useful to remember particular reference points such as ‘
thousand’ 㻲 and
Ⱒ ‘ten thousand,’ and so on. 㧒 one
㕃 ten ⺇ hundred
㻲
thousand
㧒Ⱒ ten thousand
㕃Ⱒ hundred thousand
⺇Ⱒ
million
㻲Ⱒ ten million
㧒㠋 one hundred million
㕃㠋
billion
UK 1,000 million
⺇㠋 ten billion
UK 10,000 million
㻲㠋 one hundred
billion
UK 100,000 million
㧒㫆 trillion
UK one billion
