-◆O㣪P: non-abrupt ending -㰖O㣪P:Ggentle questions and suggestions

A: 㞚┞, ⁎⌻ 㢖☚ ♮⓪◆ ⶊ㓾 ㍶ⶒ㦚 㧊⩝Ợ Ⱔ㧊 ㌂ 㢪㠊㣪? Bڕٻ⁎㩚㠦ٻ㔶㎎㰚ٻộ☚ٻ㧞ἶٻ䟊㍲㣪.ٻٻ vs. 㔶㎎㰚G ộ㧊G 㧞㠊㍲㣪. A: Oh no, you didn’t have to do this. What did you bring all these presents for? B: Because there’s something I owe you from the past and stuff like that. A: ⡦ 㧊㌂Ṗ㔲⩺ῂ㣪? Bڕٻ㡞,ٻᾦ䐋☚ٻ㫖ٻ⿞䘎䞮ἶٻ䟊㍲ٻ䞯ᾦٻ⁒㻮⪲ٻṖ⩺ῂ㣪.ٻ A: You are going to move again? B: Yes, the commute is inconvenient and so on, so I am going to move near school.ٻ

6.4.4 -⓪㦖 䘎㧊┺

This expression of approximation ‘kind of…’ is useful in toning down a statement when pointing out characteristics that are negative. It diminishes the negative impact of the statement. Ὃ⿖⯒ ⴑ䞮⓪ 䘎㧊㟒. vs. Ὃ⿖⯒ ⴑ䟊. ͑ ͑ She’s sort of not good academically. ㎇ỿ㧊 ₢┺⪲㤊 䘎㧊┺. vs. ㎇ỿ㧊 ₢┺⫃┺. He’s kind of finicky. In general, -䘎㧊┺ is a convenient way of making one’s statement less assertive and less commital by not being specific. A: ⳆⓦⰂṖ 㧦㭒 㺔㞚 㢖㣪? Does your daughter-in-law come to see you often? B: 㧦㭒 㡺⓪ 䘎㧊㠦㣪. She kind of does. She tends to. A: 㰖☚ ᾦ㑮Ṗ 䂲㩞䞮┞? Is your academic supervisor nice? B: 㦧, ⁎⩆ 䘎㧊㟒. Yes, she is, kind of.

6.4.5 -Ệ ṯ┺, -㦚₢ 䞮┺㕌┺

These are useful when it comes to softening the speaker’s assertion. 㦢㔳㧊 ⰱ㧊 㫖 Ṛ Ệ ṯ┺. I think that the food has gone bad. ⚦ ㌂⧢㧊 㔏㰚䞮₆ 㥚䟊 ㍲⪲ ἓ㨗䞮⓪ Ệ ṯ㞚㣪. I think that those two are competing to get promoted. ἓ₆Ṗ ⶊ㔏⿖⪲ ⊳⋶ Ệ ṯ㦖◆㣪. I think that the game will end in a tie. 㩲 ㌳ṗ㠪 ἆ䢒㦚 㫎㠛 䤚⪲ ⹎⬾⓪ Ợ 㫡㰖 㞠㦚₢ 䞮⓪◆㣪. In my opinion, it might be better to postpone the wedding until after graduation. ㌂㠛㧦⁞ 㫖 ╖ 㭒㔺 㑮 㧞㦚₢ 䟊㍲ 㢪㔋┞┺. I came wondering whether you can help me with my business start-up fund. ⁎ 㧻ὖ㧊 ⌊㧒 ㌂㧚㦮㌂⯒ 䚲ⳛ䞮㰖 㞠㦚₢ 㕌㔋┞┺. I think that the Cabinet minister may express his intention to resign tomorrow. 7 Local dialects Throughout this book, we focus on Standard Korean 표준말, which is spoken by educated people in the Seoul area. However, a familiarity with non-standard dialects 사투리 is also useful because they are often encountered when traveling and in movies and TV dramas. This section offers a brief summary of the distinctive features of various of these dialects. Aside from the fact that the Ky ŏ ngsang dialect and the Hamgy ŏ ng dialect have tones – unlike all other varieties of Korean – the differences involve mainly verb endings and the way certain words are pronounced. In the examples of dialectal speech that follow, the standard Korean equivalents are provided in the right-hand column.

7.1 Ch’ungch’ ŏng dialect 충청도 사투리

뭐여? 뭐야? 성, 그게 아니여. 형, 그게 아니야. Brother, that’s not it. 안녕하세유? 안녕하세요? 알것슈? 알겠어요? Do you get it? 진지 드셨슈? 진지 드셨어요? Have you eaten? 아니유, 안 먹었시유. 아니오, 안 먹었어요. No, I haven’t eaten. 어쩔 수 없어서 그랬나 벼. …그랬나 봐. Maybe she did it because she couldn’t help it.

7.2 Ch ŏlla dialect 전라도 사투리

뭣 땀세? 무 때문에? Because of what? 그란디 그런데 그랑께 or 긍께 그러니까 거시기 그것, 저기거기 정말로 부탁한당께. 정말 부탁한다. I’m really counting on you. 방 당께요. 오매 반가운 거. 반가워요. 정말 반 다. So glad to see you. 안녕하신구라? 안녕하세요? 잘 계신당가요? 잘 계신가요? Is he doing well?