Expressions denoting feeling and touch 㦮㩫㠊

14.2 Sino-Korean numbers 14.2.1 Sino-Korean cardinal numbers 1 㧒 螐 2 㧊 蝊 3 ㌒ 芓 4 ㌂ 艏 5 㡺 薺 6 㥷 蜄 7 䂶 謥 8 䕪 讱 9 ῂ 粝 10 㕃 葟 20 㧊㕃 21 㧊㕃㧒 30 ㌒㕃 40 ㌂㕃 50 㡺㕃 60 㥷㕃 70 䂶㕃 80 䕪㕃 90 ῂ㕃 99 ῂ㕃ῂ NOTE: Chinese characters are provided in parentheses. Unlike English, which breaks down long numbers into three-numeral units, Korean organizes long numbers into four-numeral chunks. Nonetheless, when writing large Arabic numbers, Korean uses commas to group numerals into sets of three, just as English does. English: 9,| 6 0 1, | 2 3 4 ,| 5 0 0, | 7 8 9 trillion billion million thousand 9 trillion, 601 billion, 234 million, 500 thousand, 789 Korean: 9, | 6 0 1 , 2 | 3 4 , 5 0 | 0 , 7 8 9 㫆 㠋 Ⱒ 9 㫆 6,012 㠋 3,450 Ⱒ 0,789 [ῂ㫆 㥷㻲㕃㧊㠋 ㌒㻲㌂⺇㡺㕃Ⱒ 䂶⺇䕪㕃ῂ] To keep the groupings clear, it is useful to remember particular reference points such as ‘ thousand’ 㻲 and Ⱒ ‘ten thousand,’ and so on. 㧒 one 㕃 ten ⺇ hundred 㻲 thousand 㧒Ⱒ ten thousand 㕃Ⱒ hundred thousand ⺇Ⱒ million 㻲Ⱒ ten million 㧒㠋 one hundred million 㕃㠋 billion UK 1,000 million ⺇㠋 ten billion UK 10,000 million 㻲㠋 one hundred billion UK 100,000 million 㧒㫆 trillion UK one billion 1 㧒⿞ = approx. ƒ 1,000 㻲㤦 10 㕃⿞ = ƒ 10,000 Ⱒ㤦 100 ⺇⿞ = ƒ 100,000 㕃Ⱒ㤦 1,000 㻲⿞ = ƒ 1,000,000 ⺇Ⱒ㤦 10,000 Ⱒ⿞ = ƒ 10,000,000 㻲Ⱒ㤦 100,000 㕃Ⱒ⿞ = ƒ 100,000,000 㧒㠋㤦 1,000,000 ⺇Ⱒ⿞ = ƒ 1,000,000,000 㕃㠋㤦 14.2.2 Sino-Korean ordinal numbers Sino-Korean ordinal numbers are formed with the help of the prefix 㩲- as in 㩲 12 ⿖ ‘the twelfth episode.’ However, except in formal writing, 㩲- is usually omitted and the bare Sino-Korean number is used in combination with various counters to indicate order. 1 䗮㧊㰖㴓 page 1 2 ὒ lesson 2 3 䘎 volume 3 5 ⻞ number 5 㔲䠮, ἓ₆ 1 ❇ top score in an exam, game 㧒  䢎䎪 first class hotel 㧻₆, ⹪⚧ 2   second rank in chess, paduk ⽊ⶒ 1 䢎 treasure 1 䌲ῢ☚ 5 ┾ fifth rank in T’aekw ǂndo 㺓Ⱃ 25 㭒⎚ twenty-fifth anniversary of the foundation 10 ╖ ╖䐋⪏ 10 th president 㟒ῂ, ✲⧒Ⱎ 9 䣢 9 th inning in baseball, 9 th episode in a drama 㧛䞯㔲䠮, 䕢䕆 2 㹾 the second round entrance exam, partying 㞚䕢䔎 15 䂋 15 th floor of an apt. ἶ❇䞯ᾦ 2 䞯⎚ second grade in high school 㦢⹮ 4 㰧 Vol. 4 music CD 䞲ῃ㧎 2 ㎎ second generation Korean

14.3 Native versus Sino-Korean numbers

In most cases, there is a strict division of labor in the use of native Korean numbers and Sino-Korean numbers. For example, native Korean numbers are used for counting small numbers and for o’clock ㎎㔲 ‘3 o’clock’, while Sino-Korean numbers are employed for minutes, dates, months, years, money, and so forth 16 㩞㰖 ‘8 ½ by 11 size paper,’ 24 ⁞ ’24 K gold,’ and so on. In some cases, both types of numbers can occur with the same counter, creating sharp contrasts in meaning. Native number Sino-Korean number quantity order 䞲 䗮㧊㰖㴓 one page 㧒 䗮㧊㰖㴓 page 1 ⚦ ὒ two lessons 㧊 ὒ lesson 2 ㎎ 䘎 three volumes ㌒ 䘎 volume 3 ┺㎅ ⻞ five times 㡺 ⻞ number 5 Very rarely, either number can be used for the same concept, but this is correlated with a contrast in speech style. Native number Sino-Korean number colloquial writtenformal ㌂㰚 ⚦ 㧻 ㌂㰚 2 ⰺ two photos 㓺ⶊ ㌊ 20 ㎎ 20 years old 㞚✺ 䞮⋮ ➎ ㎡ 1 ⋾ 3 ⎖ one son, three daughters ㎎㱎 㞚✺ 3 ⋾ third son ┺㎅ 㔳ῂ 5 㧎Ṗ㫇 a family of five The rest of this section focuses on how the functions of the two sets of numbers are divided up. 14.3.1 Counting Native numerals are used for counting smaller units. For larger quantities, Sino- Korean numerals are used, often in combination with native numbers. There is a tendency for Sino-Korean numbers to be used for multiples of 10, starting from 20, even when there is a native Korean counterpart. 1 㫛㧊 䞲 㧻 one sheet of paper 10 㡊 㧻 20 㓺ⶊ 㧻 or 㧊㕃 㧻 21 㓺ⶒ 䞲 㧻 125 ⺇ 㓺ⶒ ┺㎅ 㧻 or ⺇ 㧊㕃 㡺 㧻 1,502 㻲 㡺⺇ ⚦ 㧻 or 㻲 㡺⺇ 㧊 㧻 1 䞯㌳ 䞲 ⳛ one student 10 㡊 ⳛ 70 㧒䦪 ⳛ or 䂶㕃 ⳛ 99 㞚䦪 㞚䢟 ⳛ or ῂ㕃ῂ ⳛ 52,309 㡺Ⱒ 㧊㻲 ㌒⺇ 㞚䢟 ⳛ or 㡺Ⱒ 㧊㻲 ㌒⺇ ῂ ⳛ Counters or Classifiers Numbers usually occur with counters such as 㧻 for thinflat objects like sheets of paper, ⳛ for people, ⰞⰂ for animals, and so on, all of which indicate the type of element being counted. When counting large numbers, thingspersons are usually counted by twos, as in ⚮ ⎍ 㡂㎅ 㡂▵ 㡊 㡊⚮ 㡊⎍ 㡊㡂㎅ 㡊㡂▵ 㓺ⶒ… using only even numbers. The following counters are frequently used. Counters for inanimate things ṧ⽊⬾ a packcarton of cigarettes: ╊⺆ 䞲 ṧ⽊⬾ Ṳ 3-D objects in general , ‘default classifier’ when nothing else fits: ニ 䞲 Ṳ one piece of bread, 㝆⩞₆䐋 ⚦ Ṳ two garbage cans ῢ bound material: 㧷㰖 䞲 ῢ one magazine, Ⱒ䢪㺛 㡊 ῢ ten cartoon books ⁎⬾ tree: ㏢⋮ⶊ 䞲 ⁎⬾ one pine tree ╖ machines and large appliances: 㹾㎎䌗₆⚦ ╖ two carswashing machines ╖, Ṳ゚ tiny slender objects: ╊⺆ 䞲 ╖ one cigarette, ㎇⌻ ⚦ Ṳ゚ two matches ⰺ sheets of paper [formalwritten]: 㧊⩻㍲ 1 ⰺ one copy of a résumé ⻢ clothes, silverware: 㩫㧻 䞲 ⻢ one formal suit, 㑮㩖 ⚦ ⻢ two spoon chopstick sets ⿖ periodicals such as magazines, multi-page documents: 㤪Ṛ㰖 䞲 ⿖ one monthly magazine, 㔶㼃㍲ 䞲 ⿖ one application document ㏷㧊┺⹲ stembouquet: 㧻⹎ ⚦ ㏷㧊┺⹲ two stemsbouquets of roses 㧦⬾ long slender objects: 㡆䞚 䞲 㧦⬾ one pencil 㧻 thin, flat objects: ☚䢪㰖 㡊 㧻 10 sheets of drawing paper 㩦 pieces of art: ⁎Ⱂ 䞲 㩦 one picture 㺚 buildings: 㰧 䞲 㺚, Ịⶒ 㞚䢟 㺚 nine buildings 㻯 ships: ⺆ 䞲 㻯 one boat, 㧶㑮䞾 ㎎ 㻯 three submarines 㻿 pack of herbal remedy: 䞲㟓 㓺ⶊ 㻿 = 䞲 㩲 20 packs of Chinese medicine 䅺⩞ pair of shoes, socks, gloves: 㤊☯䢪 䞲 䅺⩞ one pair of sneakers, 㟧Ⱖ ㎎ 䅺⩞ three pairs of socks 䐋 letters in an envelope: 䘎㰖 ㎎ 䐋 three letters NOTE: Unlike most other counters, ⰺ can be used with Sino-Korean numbers – ㌂㰚 2 ⰺ, 㧊⩻㍲ 1 ⰺ.