Ch’ungch’ ŏng dialect 충청도 사투리 Ch ŏlla dialect 전라도 사투리

Except for informal personal letters, written language differs from colloquial speech in many ways. Many features of written language are also employed in formal speech. Wherever possible throughout this book, we provide information about whether particular expressions are more appropriate for formal writing speech or colloquial speech. The following is a summary of recurring features of writtenformal language. Throughout this chapter, spoken counterparts are pro- vided in square brackets. 8.1 Grammatical differences 8.1.1 Sentence endings see 1.5 • Different sentence endings are used for formal writing. 䙃㭓䟟㌂Ṗ 㡊Ⰶ┺. […㡊Ⱃ┞┺.] Fireworks will take place. ✺㠊Ṗ㰖 Ⱎ㔲㡺. […Ⱎ㎎㣪.] Do not enter. 䞮⓮㦚 ⽊⧒. […⽦⧒.] Look at the sky. 䐋㧒㦖 Ṗ⓻䞲Ṗ? [ …Ṗ⓻䞿┞₢?] Is unification possible? • Sentences often end in a noun or are shortened in headlines or announcements. 㩫㑯 [⟶✺㰖 Ⱎ㎎㣪.] Keep quiet. 㩧⁒⁞㰖 [㩧⁒䞮㰖 Ⱎ㎎㣪.] Keep out. ⓼㦒Ⳋ 㩞╖ 㞞 ♾ […㞞 ♿┞┺.] No tardiness allowed. 㓓㰖 㞠㦚 ❅ […㞠㦚 ❅䞮┺.] Looks like it won’t be easy. 䟃㌗ Ịṫ䞮₎. […Ịṫ䞮₎ ⹪⧖┺.] Take care. 8.1.2 Particles see ch. 19 • Different particles are used for formal writingspeech. 㩚ⶎṖ㠦 㠦Ợ ⶎ㦮䞮㔲㡺. [㩚ⶎṖ䞲䎢 ⶎ㦮䞮㎎㣪.] Consult an expert. 㧧Ṗ㠦 㠦Ợ 㤦ἶ⯒ [㧧Ṗ⽊ἶ ▪⩂ 㤦ἶ⯒ ⽊⌊⧒ἶ 䞮㎎㣪.] ⽊⌊⧒ἶ 䞮㕃㔲㡺. Tell the author to send the manuscript. ⌅㍶ ㌂⧢ὒ ὒ ╖䢪䞶 ➢ [⳾⯊⓪ ㌂⧢㧊⧧ 㟮₆䞶 ➢] when talking with a stranger 10 㤪 9 㧒㠦 㠦 ☚㹿䟞┺. [10 㤪 9 㧒⋶ ☚㹿䟞┺.] They arrived on October 9 th . • Particles tend to be retained in formal writingspeech. 䣢㌂Ṗ Ṗ 䕢㌆䟞┺ἶ 䞲┺. [䣢㌂ 䕢㌆䟞╚┺.] I hear that the company went bankrupt. 䞯㌳✺㧊 㧊 ⹫ⶒὖ㦒 㦒⪲ ἂ䞯㦚 㦚 Ṫ┺. [䞯㌳✺ ⹫ⶒὖ ἂ䞯 Ṫ┺.] The students went to the museum. 8.1.3 Others • No honorific expressions are used in impersonal writingspeech see 2.6. ㍲㤎 㔲㧻㦖 ỿ⏎䞲 㔲⹒✺㠦Ợ ㌂㬚㦮 ⦑㦚 ⹳䡪┺. The mayor of Seoul expressed his intention of apologizing to the infuriated citizens. • Different types of pronouns are used in formal writingspeech see 3.2. ⁎⓪ ⑚ῂ㧎Ṗ? [⁎ ⋾㧦㡂㧦⿚㌂⧢㦖 ⑚ῂ㧛┞₢?] • Different quoting verb forms are used in formal writingspeech see 22.1.2. 㥚䠮䞮┺ἶ 䞲┺. [㥚䠮䞮┺ ⁎⩆┺. or 㥚䠮䞮╚┺.] It’s said to be dangerous. ⹿ⶎ䞲┺ἶ ⹳䡪┺. [⹿ⶎ䞲┺ ⁎⨂㠊㣪. or ⹿ⶎ䞲╪㠊㣪.] He announced that he would visit.

8.2 Vocabulary differences

see 9.1 Vocabulary tends to be more technical-sounding in formal writingspeech. 㔶㧻ὒ 㼊㭧 [䋺䞮ἶ ⴎⶊỢ] height and weight 㔶㏣䞲 䣢⽋㦚 ⹪⧣┞┺. [ゾⰂ ⌁₆⯒ ⹪⧣┞┺.] I wish you a speedy recovery. ἓ㺆㠦 ỖỆ♮㠞┺. [ἓ㺆㠦 㧷䡪┺.] He got arrested by the police. 䡧㌗㧊 ἆ⪂♮㠞┺. [ 䡧㌗㧊 ₾㪢┺.] The negotiations fell through. ⹪䊊Ṗ 䕢㡊♮㠞┺. [䌖㧊㠊Ṗ 䎆㪢┺ We got a flat tire. ニ∎⌂┺.] 䢪㨂Ṗ ⹲㌳䟞┺. [⿞㧊 ⌂┺.] A fire broke out. ⶊ㻯 Ⱔ┺. [ⶊ㰖♮Ợ㠚㼃 Ⱔ┺.] There’s a lot. ╖┾䧞 Ṧ㌂䞿┞┺. [㩫Ⱖ ἶⰯ㔋┞┺ .] Thank you very much.