Ecological effect on the attack intensity of P. javana
3.5 Ecological effect on the attack intensity of P. javana
The development of pests is influenced by various factor, one of this factor is ecology aspect. Two aspects of ecology used as parameter measured in this study are season and growth rate of H. macrophyllus represented by location. Based on analysis, influence of season and location of attack intensity show that season and location of each study significantly affect the intensity of attacks, while the interaction between season and location was not significant Table 3. Attack intensity of P. javana in dry season was higher 51.46 than rainy season 43.59. This condition showed that the influence of rainfall was significant to attack intensity of P. javana. This is similar to Fasunwon and Badjo 2010, that rainfall had significant effect on populations of Podagrica, while temperature and humidity had no significant effect. Moreover, based ANOVA test of regression models which presented in Tables 4 and 5, show that precipitation effect was significant linear with a reduction of rainfall as indicated by negative value constant or increasing rainfall then decreasing attack intensity of P.javana. The rain can directly affect the populations of pests, when large rain, many pest are dead, especially influential in the growth and activity of pests. The effect of rain on pest life can be directly mechanically or indirectly to air and soil condition. Mechanical influences intended as pounding of raindrops on insects or in habitat. Heavy rain can lead a lot of beetles fall and die, causing a significant reduction of pest population. Table 4: Further test results of location infleunce to attack intensity of P. javana Location Intensity of attack Tanjungjaya 43,1917a Sodonghilir 46,0000a Gunungtanjung 53,3333b Table 3: Analysis results of season and location influence to P. javana intensity attack Sum square df Mean square F Sig. Corrected Model 13175,125a 5 2635,025 12,491 ,000 Intercept 812535,025 1 812535,025 3851,658 ,000 Season 5577,469 1 5577,469 26,439 ,000 Location 6580,717 2 3290,358 15,597 ,000 Season Location 1016,939 2 508,469 2,410 ,091 Error 74678,850 354 210,957 Total 900389,000 360 Corrected Total 87853,975 359 Note: = significant significantly different Table 5: Analysis ANOVA results for linear regression Sum square df Mean square F Sig. Regresi 11748,674 2 5874,337 27,556 0,000 Residu 76105,301 357 213,180 Total 87853,975 359 Note: = significant significantly different Bogor, 21-22 October 2015 610 Effect of location represents the growth rate of H. macrophyllus. Table 4 shows that attack intensity in Gunungtanjung 53.3 was significantly different from attack intensity in Sodonghilir and Tanjungjaya. The growth rate of H. Macrophyllus in Gunungtanjung dominated with seedlings and saplings compared to Sodonghilir and Tanjungjaya that dominated with pole and tree. Larvae and imago P. javana prefer to attack young plants, so that pest attack on seedlings and saplings growth rate higher than pole and tree. Table 6: Value constants and coefficients for linear regression B KB t Sig. Constant 49,175 3,078 15,976 0,000 Season -7,872 1,539 -5,115 0,000 Location 5,071 ,942 5,380 0,000 Note: = significant significantly different Regression models obtained are as follows: Y = 49,175 - 7,872X 1 + 0,571X 2 Description: Y = attack intensity X1 = season X2 = location Similarly, the results of the regression analysis showed that the constant of location is positive or higher composition of seedlings and saplings of H. Macrophyllus make higher the attack intensity of P. javana. Food abundant of pest affect pest population increase that cause an increase attack intensity.3.6 Pest control
Parts
» Prosiding INAFOR III 2015 FullIssue low rest
» EXPERIMENTAL METHOD 1 Time and location of research
» RESULT AND DISCUSSION 1 Agroforestry Practice in Wan Abdul Rachman Grand Forest Park
» INTRODUCTION Prosiding INAFOR III 2015 FullIssue low rest
» tepperianum spores solution EXPERIMENTAL METHOD 1 Seedlings and gall rust spores material
» EXPERIMENTAL METHOD Prosiding INAFOR III 2015 FullIssue low rest
» RESULT AND DISCUSSION 1 Trust
» METHOD 1 Research Approach Prosiding INAFOR III 2015 FullIssue low rest
» RESULT AND DISCUSSION 1 Actors and their roles in smallholder timber value chain model
» MATERIAL AND METHOD 1 Study area
» RESULT AND DISCUSSION Prosiding INAFOR III 2015 FullIssue low rest
» RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Prosiding INAFOR III 2015 FullIssue low rest
» CONCLUSION Prosiding INAFOR III 2015 FullIssue low rest
» METHOD 1 Study Site Prosiding INAFOR III 2015 FullIssue low rest
» METHODOLOGY 1 Site description Prosiding INAFOR III 2015 FullIssue low rest
» RESULT AND DISCUSSION 1 Silt-pit as a tool for controlling erosion and sedimentation
» METHOD Prosiding INAFOR III 2015 FullIssue low rest
» STUDY SITES Prosiding INAFOR III 2015 FullIssue low rest
» INTRODUCTION METHOD 1 Time and Location
» RESULT AND DISCUSSION 1 The Role of Women in Fatumnasi Village
» METHOD 1 General description of the study area
» RESULT AND DISCUSSION 1 Prosiding INAFOR III 2015 FullIssue low rest
» RESULT AND DISCUSSION 1 Mangrove potential as alternative food
» RESULT AND DISCUSSION 1 Community forest and Livelihood
» METHODS RESULTS 1 Overview of State Forest Area and Forest and Wood Products Utilisation Licence
» DISCUSSION Prosiding INAFOR III 2015 FullIssue low rest
» MATERIAL AND METHOD 1 Material and Location
» RESULT AND DISCUSSION 1 Growth
» RESULT AND DISCUSSION 1 AGB and BA estimates in the study area
» auriculiformis EXPERIMENTAL METHOD 1 Material
» RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 1 Decolorization by immobilized enzymes MnP and 1,2-D
» METHOD 4.1 Location Prosiding INAFOR III 2015 FullIssue low rest
» RESULT AND DISCUSSION 1 Unsupervised classification-ISODATA
» RESULT AND DISCUSSION 1 Research Results
» EXPERIMENTAL METHOD 1 Materials Prosiding INAFOR III 2015 FullIssue low rest
» RESULT AND DISCUSSION 1 Isolation and Screening of Fungal Strain
» INTRODUCTION METHOD 1 Location and the duration of the study
» RESULT AND DISCUSSION 1.1 Prosiding INAFOR III 2015 FullIssue low rest
» MATERIAL AND METHOD 1 Experimental Design
» INTRODUCTION CBFM definition, CBFM and forest managementgovernance
» RESULT AND DISCUSSION 1 Social statuses and agricultural pattern in Aek Matio Jae
» EXPERIMENTAL METHOD 1 Description of the Study Area
» RESULT AND DISCUSSION 1 Characteristics of land and
» METHODOLOGY 1 Framework Prosiding INAFOR III 2015 FullIssue low rest
» RESULT AND DISCUSSION 1 Potential of reducing CO
» INTRODUCTION Material and method
» EXPERIMANTAL METHOD 1 Study Site
» INTRODUCTION METHOD Prosiding INAFOR III 2015 FullIssue low rest
» MATERIAL AND METHOD 1 Materials and equipment
» EXPERIMENTAL METHOD 1 Plant material and the explant
» verstegii verstegii EXPERIMENTAL METHOD 1 Location and Material
» METHODOLOGY 1 Preparation Prosiding INAFOR III 2015 FullIssue low rest
» RESULT AND DISCUSSION 1 Extract levels
» METHOD 1 Collecting data method
» RESULT AND DISCUSSION 1 Characteristics of black bamboo
» MATERIAL AND METHOD 1 Materials
» EXPERIMENT METHOD Prosiding INAFOR III 2015 FullIssue low rest
» RESULT AND DISCUSSION 1 Moisture distribution: pattern and influential factors
» INTRODUCTION RESEARCH METHOD 1 Approach
» RESULT AND DISCUSSION 1 Feasibility of coffee as a seeded non wood forest products
» INTRODUCTION 1 Background Prosiding INAFOR III 2015 FullIssue low rest
» MATERIAL AND METHOD 1 Introduction to the FORIS project
» RESULT AND DISCUSSION – KEY HIGHLIGHTS
» RESULT 1 Bird Diversity Prosiding INAFOR III 2015 FullIssue low rest
» DISCUSSION 1 Bird respond to the human disturbances
» EXPERIMENTAL METHOD 1 Time and Location
» RESULT AND DISCUSSION 1 Structure of mangrove forest
» RESULT AND DISCUSSION 1 Financial Analysis
» EXPERIMENTAL METHOD 1 Material Prosiding INAFOR III 2015 FullIssue low rest
» RESULT AND DISCUSSION 1 Genetic diversity
» RESULT AND DISCUSSION 1 Sustainable utilization of forest plant
» EXPERIMENTAL METHOD 1 Material and tools
» RESULT AND DISCUSSION 1 Tree individual increment
» MATERIAL AND METHOD 1 Leaves samples
» RESULT AND DISCUSSION 1 Population of Timor Deer
» CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 1 Conclusion
» MATERIAL AND METHOD Prosiding INAFOR III 2015 FullIssue low rest
» EXPERIMENTAL METHOD 1 Study site RESULT AND DISCUSSION 1 Results
» EXPERIMENTAL METHOD 1 Zone delineation into management clusters
» EXPERIMENTAL METHOD RESULT AND DISCUSSION
» dorsata and T. itama bee bread composition
» dorsata RESULT AND DISCUSSION 1
» mellifera worker June RESULT AND DISCUSSION 1
» FARM FORESTRY AND LOCAL KNOWLEDGE
» FARM FORESTRY OPTIMIZATION Prosiding INAFOR III 2015 FullIssue low rest
» COCLUSION Prosiding INAFOR III 2015 FullIssue low rest
» DEVELOPMENT OF INTEGRATED BIO-CYCLE FARMING SYSTEM
» CONCLUSSION Prosiding INAFOR III 2015 FullIssue low rest
» RESEARCH METHOD 1 Data Prosiding INAFOR III 2015 FullIssue low rest
» RESULT AND DISCUSSION 1 Zoning function of urban forest in low laying coastal city
» CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION Prosiding INAFOR III 2015 FullIssue low rest
» Pest of crop Pest attack symptoms Percentage and attack intensity
» Ecological effect on the attack intensity of P. javana
» EXPERIMENTAL METHOD 1 Materials and Equipment CONCLUSION
» EXPERIMENTAL METHOD 1 Study area and people RESULT AND DISCUSSION
» EXPERIMENTAL METHOD 1 Study Sites
» p RESULT AND DISCUSSION 1 Seedling Survival
» p p RESULT AND DISCUSSION 1 Seedling Survival
» RESEARCH METHOD 1 Theoretical framework
» MATERIAL AND METHOD RESULT DAN DISCUSSION 1 Potency of teak forest as source of cattle feeds
» RESEARCH METHOD Prosiding INAFOR III 2015 FullIssue low rest
» EXPERIMENTAL METHOD 1 Research Area
» RESULT AND DISCUSSION 1 Land cover changes
» INTRODUCTION RESEARCH METHOD Prosiding INAFOR III 2015 FullIssue low rest
» INTRODUCTION METHOD RESULT AND DISCUSSION
» EXPERIMENTAL METHOD 1 Place and Time
» RESULT AND DISCUSSION 1 Mycelial growth
» METHOD 1 Location RESULT AND DISCUSSION
» CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION Prosiding INAFOR III 2015 FullIssue low rest
» RESULT AND DISCUSSION 1 Precipitation
» EXPERIMENTAL METHOD 1. Materials and Tools RESULT AND DISCUSION
» LOCATION MANAGEMENT BY LOCAL INSTITUTION DESIGN AND CONTRUCTION
» INTRODUCTION EXPERIMENTAL METHOD Prosiding INAFOR III 2015 FullIssue low rest
» INTRODUCTION EXPERIMENTAL METHOD 1 Description for Study Area
» EXPERIMENTAL METHOD 1 Location Prosiding INAFOR III 2015 FullIssue low rest
» RESULT AND DISCUSSION 1 History of
» MATERIAL AND METHOD 1 Management of breeding population
» RESULT AND DISCUSSION 1 Growth and genetic parameters
» Axillary buds initiation in F. moluccana micro propagation
» moluccana families 1 mgl IBA
» THE UPSTREAM CONDITIONS Prosiding INAFOR III 2015 FullIssue low rest
» THE MIDDLE STREAM CONDITIONS
» THE DOWNSTREAM CONDITIONS Prosiding INAFOR III 2015 FullIssue low rest
» MATERIAL AND METHOD RESULT AND DISCUSSION
» MATERIAL AND METHOD 1 Fungal isolates RESULT AND DISCUSSION
» RESULT AND DISCUSSION 1 Bud culture
» MATERIAL AND METHOD 1 Material
» RESULT AND DISCUSSION 1 Adaptability
» EXPERIMENTAL METHOD 1 Place and time research
» RESULT AND DISCUSSION 1 Life percentage
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