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30 more to the atmosphere than trees, and is a continuously harvested crops Suroso, 2015.
The visits and socialization on development of bamboo by Centerfor Forest Biotechnology and Tree Improvement Research CFBTIR Yogyakarta several months ago motivated
Bondowoso’s local government to push ahead on the development of bamboo as the main commodity. After CFBTIR’s visit, the local government decided to build bamboo
conservation plot at Sumberweringin area, Bondowoso Regency, East Java. The local government will then plan to develop the eco-tourism facility on the site and asked CFBTIR
researcher’s assistant to develop the bamboo cluster in Bondowoso. Bamboo plantations development in Bondowoso will increase ecological quality in the area by rehabilitating the
critical land areas using bamboo plantations along the river basin. The program will also increase the socio-economic of surrounding communities by accelerating bamboo handicrafts
local industries. The ideal program for developing bamboo cluster in the area should be total development
from upstream to downstream. In the upstream, there are seedlings or clones production and plantations, while in the middle stream there are plantation development, community
awareness on bamboo plantation development by conducting meetings, workshops, surrounding community empowerment by developing bamboo handicrafts facilitated by local
government authorithies and scientists. In the downstream, there are productions and the marketing of bamboo products by building cooperation with the enterpreneurs and related
institutions. . This paper presents the bamboo cluster development in Bondowoso Regency. The objective
of the activity is to develop bamboo plantation cluster to produce culms and young shoots to provide bamboo material for industries and to develop bamboo ecology by conserving critical
lands along the watershed in Bondowoso Regency.
2. THE UPSTREAM CONDITIONS
In 2002, CFBTIR received fund from International Plant Genetic Resources Institute to implement conservation on petung bamboo D. asper. There were two activities carried out,
firstly, detecting the variabilities among populations collected from Java Island including West Java, Central Java, Special Province Yogyakarta and East Java 19 populations. The second
activity was planting the 12 out of 19 populations as population conservation garden in Sumberwringin, Bondowoso Regency. There are about 441 clumps that were arranged in
three blocks replications with planting space of 5 m x 5 m. The five by five meter space was chosen for the conservation garden Charomaini Rimbawanto, 2013.
The age of petung bamboo clumps
in the Bondowoso’s garden is about 12 years old by 2015. The culm is relatively dense and the diameter is about 15 - 20 cm. Each clump grows of about
6 to 14 culms or more Figure 1.The altitude of the garden is about 800 m above sea level asl that this site is appropriate enough for growing petung bamboo. Petung bamboos grow
from the low altitude up to 1500 m asl, while grows better at the altitude of 400 – 500 m asl
with annual rainfall of about 2400 mm Anonymous, 2012. Cutting the culms in the garden is not recommended. This activity will trigger surrounding
people to cut the culms without permission. The garden is owned by government Perhutani that every cuttings should have permission from the authority, additionally, cutting time has
been previously planned in the Yearly Cutting Plan. Cutting in order to utilize for research
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government’s attention so when a Regent Secretary visit to the site, he promised to build an eco-tourism facility in the site and it is possible to use the garden for genetic material to
propagate petung bamboo. Plantation production will start by cloning for better genetic material in the garden after being selected and this action will be implemented in 2016.
Therefore, the garden could be used as the main source of bamboo clones to generate planting stocks bamboo clones. In the future, the collection of other bamboo species is also
possible to support bamboo plantation in the area.
Figure 1: The 12 years old of petung bamboo in conservation garden Currently, Bondowoso Regency possesses bamboo plantations as natural resources in the area.
Bamboo plantation grows enormously in the scattered areas of Bondowoso Regency Anonymous, 2014. This condition could lead bamboo as the main icon of Bondowoso
Regency and the commodity could lead to the activity of related institutions or non profit organization such as Dewan Bambu IndonesiaIndonesian Bamboo Council DBI, Yayasan
Bambu Lingkungan Lestari etc.
The research institute such as CFBTIR is willing to cooperate with the Bondowoso Regency authority by assisting the local government in bamboo clones production in 2016 and
bamboo plantation program in 2015. The collaboration is good system to achieve the main objective of developing bamboo cluster in Bondowoso. Stakeholders such as bamboo scouts
of the local Forest Services, bamboo farmers, bamboo observers and bamboo lovers together with researchers will be a good collaborator in developing bamboo plantations.
Bambu Nusa Verde in Yogyakarta has produced mass planting stock originated from tissue culture Figure 2. The company has exported several species of bamboo such as, petung D.
asper, yellow Bambusa vulgaris var striata, wulung Gigantochloa atroviolacea Wijaya etc. to Africa, and possible export enhancement to other countries Anonymous, 2012. There are also more
bamboo planting stocks in Yogyakarta such as bamboo farmers group in Turgo and Minggir, Yogyakarta Province. Available bamboo stocks in Bondowoso will cut the transport
expenditures of bamboo and to develop bamboo industries in Bondowoso.
Collaboration program between Bondowoso Forestry Services, local government and research institution CFBTIR Yogyakarta is a good model for supporting bamboo planttaion
development. The collaboration will guarantee in achieving 40 ha bamboo plantations in 2015.
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3. THE MIDDLE STREAM CONDITIONS
