EXPERIMENTAL METHOD 1 Zone delineation into management clusters

Bogor, 21-22 October 2015 555 2. EXPERIMENTAL METHOD 2.1 Zone delineation into management clusters Seven parameters are used as criteria for delineating or forest area divide into clusters or management area section based on functions and silvicultural systems. Seven criteria are divided into three groups, namely the absolute criterion, consideration and decisions. Delineation is conducted in two stages. The first stage that the initial delineation is conducted to establish of protected areas and utilization area. The absolute criteria group is used, which it consists of two criteria, namely topography and initial potential stands. All areas with slope grade 40 in absolute terms is categorized in protected area. Initial potential stands are the amount of volume per hectare of commercial trees with diameter ≥ 50 cm. All parts of forest utilization areas that do not have tree stands in absolute terms are categorized as THPB or NTFP non timber forest products cluster due to the application of selective logging is not possible because the area do not have trees to be selected. Topography criteria consist of five indicators and potential stands criteria consist of four indicators. The process delineation is using map processing software, and for digitization, each indicator is given quality and value scores as presented in tables 1 and 2. Table 1: Indicators and Scoring Value in Topography Criteria Slope Grade Classification Quantity Quality Scoring value 0 - 8 Flat 1 15 15 9 - 15 Sloping 2 15 30 16 - 25 Rather steep 3 15 45 26 - 40 Steep 4 15 60 40 Up Very steep 5 15 75 Table 2: Indicators and Scoring Value in Potential Criteria Initial Stands Potency Class Land Cover Types Quantity Quality Scoring Value Very low 0 - 20 m 3 ha Young brushwoodscrubland without crops 1 35 35 Low 20 - 40 m 3 ha Young secondary forest Old scrub 2 35 70 Moderate 40 - 60 m 3 ha Secondary Forest 3 35 105 Dense 60m 3 ha Primary forest Succession secondary forest 4 35 140 The topographic maps and the tree stands potency data are digitized and then do to overlaying process. Overlaying results a total value of scores reference to establish silvicultural systems in the utilization area. Table 3 describes the division of forest area and silvicultural systems using forward. The data overlaying will generate a map in a pattern and random spotting. This random pattern should be interpreted to obtain management units clustered in an amount sufficient area for each cluster of protected areas and TPTI, TPTJ and THPB NTFP clusters. Grouping will tend to be qualitative, so the companion option should be provided. Expert academic review are required for scientific justification. Bogor, 21-22 October 2015 556 Table 3: Function and Usage Direction of Silviculture System Funtion and Silviculture system Range of the number of value scores Explanation Protected Area Cluster - All area with slope grade 40 THPB NTFP Area Cluster 90 TPTJ Area Cluster 90 – 154 TPTI Area Cluster 155-200 The second stage is the continued delineation in setting business development plan. Consideration criteria group are used which it consists of four criteria, including soil type, rainfall, village distribution and accessibility. They are classified as a consideration criterion because they are not binding but more likely to be used as a consideration matter in determining development options in the management. Because of that, indicators for each criterion are not provided. The next options are generated of opening choices of business, especially in the use of TPTJ, THPB and NTFP clusters, as for example in the selection of plants, cycle and other treatment in TPTJ cluster. Including when combined with the use more than one pattern of TPTJ with plant species, plant platform, rotation and the extensive use of area in the same or different size. In THPB clusters, more diverse options are available. Such as choice of crop commodities, whether of type of raw material for producing, as follows; chips or pulp or wood carpentry. Including cropping, rotation, or also use a combination of more than one pattern THPB with extensive options are the same or different respectively. Also including the NTFP development options for the purpose of the buffer zone and social responsibility. This combination will not only generate two or three options but would be so many combinations. Overview of academic experts can be used as scientific justification for pursing they become quite 2 - 5 only options. Decision criterion is used later. The board of directors of the prospective license holders are taking into consideration policies regulator then select and assign a business development plan option that gives the best benefits. Indicators used include effectiveness in the utilization areas, land productivity, the number of production, financial, labor absorption and taxes contribution to the state. The indicators are provided for simulating the operation of all the variables for each alternative using the device Supersilvik models. Enabled device models are used as aids in decision-making device which delivered in the following section.

2.2 Model

Purnomo 2005 states that the modeling system is started from how we try to understand the real world and put it into a model with a variety of methods. The model itself is interpreted as an abstraction or simplification of the real world, which is able to describe the structure and interaction of elements and overall behavior in accordance with the viewpoint and the desired goal. MSS idea in this case summarizes the principles of management of natural stands and stands of plants in diverse typologies of variables, alternative development and use of capital goods, equipment, materials, buildings, labor and enormous financing. So, Supersilvik was built with the principles of a comprehensive model, detail and perspective-speculative. This model is very complex but with a way of using the familiar and easy to understand user friendly. Variables were identified from the analysis of primary data and secondary sourced from Bogor, 21-22 October 2015 557 literature, discussions with experts and field data. Source field data were obtained from six samples of natural forest management business unit covering PT. BFI, PT. IKANI, PT. SBK, PT. SBJ, PT. Sarpatim and PT. ITCIKU and 4 samples of forest plantation management units covering PT. Surya Hutani Jaya, PT. Arara Abadi, PT. WKS and PT. ITCI HM. Model Supersilvik processes more than 700 of data variables and using nearly 80 formula approach that then presents more than 200 of data outputs can query. Additionally, the model also summarizes the 5 data output in the form of an executive summary. This data is used as an indicator of decision-making as presented in the previous section. Because of its complexity, the elaboration of detail about the variables and model structure is not submitted in this paper. Translation of detail presented in other publications, of which have been available in https:youtu.be2O5bdRTBZhM and https:youtu.be07at-PE81IY in the form of video tutorials.

2.3 Location, time and research stages

Samples forest areas became the object of research and models simulation are located in IUPHHK PT. ITCI, East Kalimantan. Field data collection was conducted in the period of 2013. Stages of the study are as follows: a. Preparation of materials, supporting data and devices. These preparations include the provision of maps that contain spatial information on topography, land cover maps, map of Periodic Comprehensive Forest Inventory IHMB if available, type of soil maps, rainfall maps and work map situation. Map of situation contains information spatial streams, springs, roads and accessibility, village distribution and level of social vulnerability. Supporting data include field data obtained by conducting forest inventories in a particular sampling intensity. Ideally with an intensity of 1, but in this paper, we made six plots sampling, representing part of the area that is thought to have the potential of forests is very low two plots, low two plots, medium one plot and high one plot. Each of these plots is about 4 hectares. Data collected includes data of tree species and diameters up to 10 cm, height and diameter per section. Monograph results present the data structure stands in ninth grade diameter diameter classes 10, 20, 30 ... 90up, the composition of stands in the fifth group of species Shorea group, forest mix species, others, fancy species and protected species as well as the high value estimator, H D and numeric form for species group respectively. b. Delineation stage 1 that explained above. Outcome of this phase is the first map of an alternative pattern for the forest areas and the second alternative maps companion generated by different interpretation and judgment. c. The submission, verification, revision and approval. The result options from the initial delineation are proposed to the regulator Ministry of Environment and Forestry. Verification will be conducted by a team of experts that established by the regulator. If there is a correction, then the proposer IUPHHK make revisions to then repurpose for approval. For the purposes of this study, we pass this step. The process is simulated through discussions with experts and practitioners who then uses the assumption that alternative X approved. d. Delineation stage 2 that explained above. This stage produces the output of development plan in several options. e. Execution simulation is using Supersilvik device for each alternative. Outcomes of this stage are five key indicators which it mentioned above section 2.1. Bogor, 21-22 October 2015 558 3. RESULT AND DISCUSSION 3.1