EXPERIMENTAL METHOD 1 Study Sites
Bogor, 21-22 October 2015
621 cacao Theobroma cacao agroforestry systems that include timber, fruit, and native forest species
also contribute to biodiversity conservation by providing habitat for avian and mammalian, enhancing landscape connectivity, and reducing edge effects between forest and agricultural
land Jose, 2009. Partly of the buffer zone of Cibodas Biosphere Reserve, there are farmers home-gardens
which are high risk to forest degradation as it classified as farming inside the protected forest. Re-introduction of plantation inside the utilization zone of protected forest should include the
local timber-tree species in GPMNP, such as Altingia excelsa, Dacrycarpus imbricatus and Castanopsis acuminatissima van Steenis, 2006. The local timber-tree species is aiming to restore
the native ecosystem of protected forest using exotic species. Non-native species, especially potentially invasive alien species, such as Bellucia pentamera, Maesopsis eminii and Cinchona
pubescens in GPMNP Kudo et al. 2014, threaten biodiversity and need to be avoided. McNeely 2004 reported that complex plantation of forest gardens are more supportive of
biodiversity than monocrop systems, shade coffee more than sun coffee, and systems using native plants tend to be more biologically diverse. Home-garden provides similar function
with those of forest when farmers could manage the tree inside the area McNeely, 2004. Agroforestry practices involve the integration of trees with annual crop cultivation, livestock
production and other farm activities, such as tree and coffee plant on agroforestry system in Mexico, multi-storey home-garden in Rwanda and agrosilvopastural cattle, maize field and
tree in Africa, have been widely adopted globally e.g., Valencia et al. 2014; Luedeling et al. 2016. Planting the local tree species will encourages establishment local ecosystem, and the
local ecosystem can be the host for the local animal species. The local animal species in this paper focuses on local insect. Insect find their host plant habitat through the stimulus
contained in an environment consisting of light, gravity and even sometimes temperature and humidity. The local insects, for example caterpillars, have some of the physical factors that
affect the process of acceptance of the host, such as leaf shape, hard or not the leaf surface and also the wax layer on the leaf surface, and pubescence on density and type of feather leaf
Pedigo and Rice, 2006. This paper studies the comparison of tree composition of home garden and forest ecosystem
in term of local insect habitat.
2. EXPERIMENTAL METHOD 2.1 Study Sites
Data were collected from two agroforestry sites in the utilization zone of GPMNP or on protected forest 106° 49’ 58,2’’E, 06° 49’ 39,6’’S with elevation 575-636 m asl and in the
farmer’s home-garden in Nagrak sub-district, Sukabumi, West Java, Indonesia. Farmers in Nagrak Sub-District were identified for frequent farming based on seasonal plantation and
annually planting in the utilization zone of protected forest.
2.2 Plantation Establishment on Utilization Zone in Protected Forest The rectangular sampling plot size of 30x150 m was prepared for agroforestry plantation. In
this plantation plot timber seedling species are preferred than fruit tree seedling. This method encourages farmers to harvest the fruit only and avoid in harvesting the timber. The plantation
model is in row plantation of 5x5 m, then there were 180 seedlings. Data collections were conducted on the seedlings in the middle of the plot only. It was assumed that seedlings on
the outer line as the fence of the plot and they will have different micro climate and unstable growing than seedlings inside the plot. This plantation consists of six local species, however
Bogor, 21-22 October 2015
622 this study focus only on four species: A. excelsa, Elaeocarpus angustifolius, Magnolia champaca and
Sloanea sigun. 2.3 Plantation Establishment in Home-Gardens
Agroforestry plantation in the home-garden is not in the rectangular shape of sampling plot. It is caused by the fact that usually farmers plant based on their need. The plantation in the
home-garden depends on the land coverage and also along the village main street for easy access.
Parameters of this study were growth of seedling survival, seedling height, stem diameter, leaf size and insect species and its habitat. Even for individual trees, the tree length density and
width of the crown, tree leaf area, and branch morphology were shown to influence rainfall interception Samba et al. 2014. Data collecting were collected four times in the duration of
2014 to 2015 for seedling growth analysis. Seedling height and crown width were measured by conventional ruler and stem diameter was measured by Freder digital caliper. Chlorophyll
content of the seedling was measured using Konica Minolta Model SPAD-502 Plus. Insects were collected using insect trap which was located in field. The traps were set up twice a day
for two days collection time. The data of seedling growth parameters obtained were subjected to one-way analysis of variance ANOVA using SPSS 21 for Windows.
3. RESULT AND DISCUSSION 3.1 Seedling Survival