METHOD 4.1 Location Prosiding INAFOR III 2015 FullIssue low rest
2. METHOD 4.1 Location
The research was conducted in Citanduy Watershed which is one of the critical watersheds in Indonesia related to hydrologic condition and erosion rates Dwiprabowo, Basuki, Purnomo, Haryono, 2001; Dwiprabowo Wulan, 2003. Citanduy Watershed is geographically located between 108 o 04’ – 109 o 30’ East longitude and 7 o 03’ – 7 o 52’ South latitude Adly, 2009. Administratively, the watershed lies in two provinces, namely West Java and Central Java, where most of the area is located in the districts of Tasikmalaya, Ciamis, Banjar, and Cilacap, while a small area of the watershed is located in Majalengka District and Kuningan District Prasetyo, 2004. 4.2 Materials and Tools The materials used in this study are digital satellite images and thematic maps. The satellite images include Landsat 8 OLI Operational Land Imager recorded in May, 2013 and ASTER- DEM Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer-Digital Elevation Model with spatial resolution of 30 m. While digital thematic maps used are forest area function, watershed boundary and previous land usecover. The derived spectral data are Normalized Difference Vegetation Index NDVI, Normalized Difference Water Index NDWI and slope. NDVI and NDWI are derived from Landsat 8 OLI image, while slope are generated from ASTER-DEM. The tools used in this study are 1 hardware laptop and software Erdas Imagine 9.1 and ArcGIS 9.3 for digital image processing and GIS analysis and 2 field survey equipment consists of GPS, notebook and ballpoint. 4.3 Data Analysis Reference points comprising 384 training and 244 testing samples, which were used for image classification and accuracy assessment, were obtained from field survey and high resolution satellite imageries. The performance comparison of the three classification techniques was conducted based on accuracy assessment, i.e. error matrix or confusion matrix and Kappa coefficient of agreement Congalton, 1991; Foody, 2002. The error matrix represents a contingency table in which the diagonal entries represent correct classification agreement between the map and reference data and the off-diagonal entries represent misclassification Stehman Czaplewski, 1998. More over, it can be used to calculate producer’s accuracy, user’s accuracy, overall accuracy Congalton, 1991; Foody, 2002; Wynne, Joseph, Browder, Summers, 2007 . The producer’s accuracy indicates the probability that reference data are correctly classified or mapped and measures the omission error 1- producer’s accuracy Wynne, et al., 2007 . On the other hand, the user’s accuracy indicates the probability that sample data from classified image match those on the ground and measures the commission error 1- user’s accuracy. The overall accuracy is calculated by dividing the total correct, which is the sum of major diagonal, by the total number of pixels in the error matrix Congalton, 1991. Kappa coefficient of agreement is an index which indicates to what extent classification accuracy is due to true agreement between classified image and reference data, and to what Bogor, 21-22 October 2015 252 extent it could have been achieved by chance Lillesand Kiefer, 2000; Salovaara, Thessler, Malik, Tuomisto, 2005. In addition, to estimate Kappa using sample data, Kappa statistics Khat: Kˆ is used and the value can be interpreted based on the Table 1 Landis Koch, 1977. It is calculated using Equation 1 Salovaara, et al., 2005. r 1 i i i 2 r 1 i r 1 i i i ii x x N x x x N Kˆ where r is number of the rowscolumns in the error matrix, x ii is number of observations in the cell ii row i and column i, x i+ is marginal totals of row i, x +i is marginal totals of column i and N is total number of observations. Table 1: Interpretation of Kappa statistics Landis Koch, 1977 Kappa Agreement 0.00 –0.20 0.21 – 0.40 0.41 –0.60 0.61 –0.80 0.81 –1.00 Less than chance agreementpoor agreement Slight agreement Fair agreement Moderate agreement Substantial agreement Almost perfect agreement 3. RESULT AND DISCUSSION 3.1 Unsupervised classification-ISODATAParts
» Prosiding INAFOR III 2015 FullIssue low rest
» EXPERIMENTAL METHOD 1 Time and location of research
» RESULT AND DISCUSSION 1 Agroforestry Practice in Wan Abdul Rachman Grand Forest Park
» INTRODUCTION Prosiding INAFOR III 2015 FullIssue low rest
» tepperianum spores solution EXPERIMENTAL METHOD 1 Seedlings and gall rust spores material
» EXPERIMENTAL METHOD Prosiding INAFOR III 2015 FullIssue low rest
» RESULT AND DISCUSSION 1 Trust
» METHOD 1 Research Approach Prosiding INAFOR III 2015 FullIssue low rest
» RESULT AND DISCUSSION 1 Actors and their roles in smallholder timber value chain model
» MATERIAL AND METHOD 1 Study area
» RESULT AND DISCUSSION Prosiding INAFOR III 2015 FullIssue low rest
» RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Prosiding INAFOR III 2015 FullIssue low rest
» CONCLUSION Prosiding INAFOR III 2015 FullIssue low rest
» METHOD 1 Study Site Prosiding INAFOR III 2015 FullIssue low rest
» METHODOLOGY 1 Site description Prosiding INAFOR III 2015 FullIssue low rest
» RESULT AND DISCUSSION 1 Silt-pit as a tool for controlling erosion and sedimentation
» METHOD Prosiding INAFOR III 2015 FullIssue low rest
» STUDY SITES Prosiding INAFOR III 2015 FullIssue low rest
» INTRODUCTION METHOD 1 Time and Location
» RESULT AND DISCUSSION 1 The Role of Women in Fatumnasi Village
» METHOD 1 General description of the study area
» RESULT AND DISCUSSION 1 Prosiding INAFOR III 2015 FullIssue low rest
» RESULT AND DISCUSSION 1 Mangrove potential as alternative food
» RESULT AND DISCUSSION 1 Community forest and Livelihood
» METHODS RESULTS 1 Overview of State Forest Area and Forest and Wood Products Utilisation Licence
» DISCUSSION Prosiding INAFOR III 2015 FullIssue low rest
» MATERIAL AND METHOD 1 Material and Location
» RESULT AND DISCUSSION 1 Growth
» RESULT AND DISCUSSION 1 AGB and BA estimates in the study area
» auriculiformis EXPERIMENTAL METHOD 1 Material
» RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 1 Decolorization by immobilized enzymes MnP and 1,2-D
» METHOD 4.1 Location Prosiding INAFOR III 2015 FullIssue low rest
» RESULT AND DISCUSSION 1 Unsupervised classification-ISODATA
» RESULT AND DISCUSSION 1 Research Results
» EXPERIMENTAL METHOD 1 Materials Prosiding INAFOR III 2015 FullIssue low rest
» RESULT AND DISCUSSION 1 Isolation and Screening of Fungal Strain
» INTRODUCTION METHOD 1 Location and the duration of the study
» RESULT AND DISCUSSION 1.1 Prosiding INAFOR III 2015 FullIssue low rest
» MATERIAL AND METHOD 1 Experimental Design
» INTRODUCTION CBFM definition, CBFM and forest managementgovernance
» RESULT AND DISCUSSION 1 Social statuses and agricultural pattern in Aek Matio Jae
» EXPERIMENTAL METHOD 1 Description of the Study Area
» RESULT AND DISCUSSION 1 Characteristics of land and
» METHODOLOGY 1 Framework Prosiding INAFOR III 2015 FullIssue low rest
» RESULT AND DISCUSSION 1 Potential of reducing CO
» INTRODUCTION Material and method
» EXPERIMANTAL METHOD 1 Study Site
» INTRODUCTION METHOD Prosiding INAFOR III 2015 FullIssue low rest
» MATERIAL AND METHOD 1 Materials and equipment
» EXPERIMENTAL METHOD 1 Plant material and the explant
» verstegii verstegii EXPERIMENTAL METHOD 1 Location and Material
» METHODOLOGY 1 Preparation Prosiding INAFOR III 2015 FullIssue low rest
» RESULT AND DISCUSSION 1 Extract levels
» METHOD 1 Collecting data method
» RESULT AND DISCUSSION 1 Characteristics of black bamboo
» MATERIAL AND METHOD 1 Materials
» EXPERIMENT METHOD Prosiding INAFOR III 2015 FullIssue low rest
» RESULT AND DISCUSSION 1 Moisture distribution: pattern and influential factors
» INTRODUCTION RESEARCH METHOD 1 Approach
» RESULT AND DISCUSSION 1 Feasibility of coffee as a seeded non wood forest products
» INTRODUCTION 1 Background Prosiding INAFOR III 2015 FullIssue low rest
» MATERIAL AND METHOD 1 Introduction to the FORIS project
» RESULT AND DISCUSSION – KEY HIGHLIGHTS
» RESULT 1 Bird Diversity Prosiding INAFOR III 2015 FullIssue low rest
» DISCUSSION 1 Bird respond to the human disturbances
» EXPERIMENTAL METHOD 1 Time and Location
» RESULT AND DISCUSSION 1 Structure of mangrove forest
» RESULT AND DISCUSSION 1 Financial Analysis
» EXPERIMENTAL METHOD 1 Material Prosiding INAFOR III 2015 FullIssue low rest
» RESULT AND DISCUSSION 1 Genetic diversity
» RESULT AND DISCUSSION 1 Sustainable utilization of forest plant
» EXPERIMENTAL METHOD 1 Material and tools
» RESULT AND DISCUSSION 1 Tree individual increment
» MATERIAL AND METHOD 1 Leaves samples
» RESULT AND DISCUSSION 1 Population of Timor Deer
» CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 1 Conclusion
» MATERIAL AND METHOD Prosiding INAFOR III 2015 FullIssue low rest
» EXPERIMENTAL METHOD 1 Study site RESULT AND DISCUSSION 1 Results
» EXPERIMENTAL METHOD 1 Zone delineation into management clusters
» EXPERIMENTAL METHOD RESULT AND DISCUSSION
» dorsata and T. itama bee bread composition
» dorsata RESULT AND DISCUSSION 1
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» FARM FORESTRY AND LOCAL KNOWLEDGE
» FARM FORESTRY OPTIMIZATION Prosiding INAFOR III 2015 FullIssue low rest
» COCLUSION Prosiding INAFOR III 2015 FullIssue low rest
» DEVELOPMENT OF INTEGRATED BIO-CYCLE FARMING SYSTEM
» CONCLUSSION Prosiding INAFOR III 2015 FullIssue low rest
» RESEARCH METHOD 1 Data Prosiding INAFOR III 2015 FullIssue low rest
» RESULT AND DISCUSSION 1 Zoning function of urban forest in low laying coastal city
» CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION Prosiding INAFOR III 2015 FullIssue low rest
» Pest of crop Pest attack symptoms Percentage and attack intensity
» Ecological effect on the attack intensity of P. javana
» EXPERIMENTAL METHOD 1 Materials and Equipment CONCLUSION
» EXPERIMENTAL METHOD 1 Study area and people RESULT AND DISCUSSION
» EXPERIMENTAL METHOD 1 Study Sites
» p RESULT AND DISCUSSION 1 Seedling Survival
» p p RESULT AND DISCUSSION 1 Seedling Survival
» RESEARCH METHOD 1 Theoretical framework
» MATERIAL AND METHOD RESULT DAN DISCUSSION 1 Potency of teak forest as source of cattle feeds
» RESEARCH METHOD Prosiding INAFOR III 2015 FullIssue low rest
» EXPERIMENTAL METHOD 1 Research Area
» RESULT AND DISCUSSION 1 Land cover changes
» INTRODUCTION RESEARCH METHOD Prosiding INAFOR III 2015 FullIssue low rest
» INTRODUCTION METHOD RESULT AND DISCUSSION
» EXPERIMENTAL METHOD 1 Place and Time
» RESULT AND DISCUSSION 1 Mycelial growth
» METHOD 1 Location RESULT AND DISCUSSION
» CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION Prosiding INAFOR III 2015 FullIssue low rest
» RESULT AND DISCUSSION 1 Precipitation
» EXPERIMENTAL METHOD 1. Materials and Tools RESULT AND DISCUSION
» LOCATION MANAGEMENT BY LOCAL INSTITUTION DESIGN AND CONTRUCTION
» INTRODUCTION EXPERIMENTAL METHOD Prosiding INAFOR III 2015 FullIssue low rest
» INTRODUCTION EXPERIMENTAL METHOD 1 Description for Study Area
» EXPERIMENTAL METHOD 1 Location Prosiding INAFOR III 2015 FullIssue low rest
» RESULT AND DISCUSSION 1 History of
» MATERIAL AND METHOD 1 Management of breeding population
» RESULT AND DISCUSSION 1 Growth and genetic parameters
» Axillary buds initiation in F. moluccana micro propagation
» moluccana families 1 mgl IBA
» THE UPSTREAM CONDITIONS Prosiding INAFOR III 2015 FullIssue low rest
» THE MIDDLE STREAM CONDITIONS
» THE DOWNSTREAM CONDITIONS Prosiding INAFOR III 2015 FullIssue low rest
» MATERIAL AND METHOD RESULT AND DISCUSSION
» MATERIAL AND METHOD 1 Fungal isolates RESULT AND DISCUSSION
» RESULT AND DISCUSSION 1 Bud culture
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