Bogor, 21-22 October 2015
757 stirred in a plastic bucket and then taken weighing to approximately 1 kg for lab testing. The
soil samples of soil is then analysed in Laboratory of Soil, Faculty of Agriculture of Sriwijaya University in Palembang South Sumatera. The forest history was obtained through in depth
interviews with respondents who have selected purposively in consideration that the respondents know about the forest history.
Figure 2: Laying sample plots of double plots method
2.4 Data analysis Class distribution study is conducted of the structure tree stands. Diameter classes are divided
into several classes: class 10-19 cm, 20-29 cm, 30-39 cm, 40-49 cm, 50-59 cm, and 60 cm. The data obtained from the field were analyzed by calculating density value of individual per
unit area. The number of individual trees found in each dimeter class range then plotted in two dimensional field: tree distribution of tree diameter classes x-axis and density y-axis
Wiharto et al., 2008. The pattern of individual spread trees were analyzed using index formula Morisita Odum, 1971 mentioned as follows:
∑ Where n is the number of sample plots, N is the total number of individu found in the plot
and Xi
2
is the square of the number of individu in plot -i. If = 1, then the individual is in
random pattern of deployment; if 1, then the dispersal pattern of individuals are
clustered; and if 1, then the individual uniform pattern of spread.
3. RESULT AND DISCUSSION 3.1 History of
Bulian Forest
Bulian forest of Mambang were planted centuries ago by ancestors of Mambang and Bingin Jungut village namely Moyang Telapak Libo. Based on the depth interviews, Ria Lampor King Telapak
LiboTelapak Lebar left his residence in the territory of Musi path toward the wilderness now Mambang and Bingin Jungut village in order to avoid war and bloodshed with Hulu Balang
Rum kingdom Palembang. The forest was opened family life survival by farming and gardening. In gardening, the king and the people who planted bulian for grandchildren stock
and descendants. Genetic material of bulian obtained from expenditure bellian: Musi language ships from Palembang.
Bogor, 21-22 October 2015
758 The sustainable of bulian customary forest grow together with the traditional wisdom of
communities of Mambang and Bingin Jungut Village. Cahyono 2014 described that the traditional wisdom in this forest contains of three essential elements: 1 religious values and
social ethics practices underlying biological resource management, 2 normscustomary rules that govern relationship between communities with bulian forest, and 3 local knowledge and
skills acquired from empirical experience years long ago to manage vegetation of bulian. Up to this point, it was an explanation that religious values illustrate that bulian should not be
cut down, except by local people of Mambang and Bingin Jungut Village, as the descendants of King Bingin. It was believed to be good luck to remember a lot of stories on the current
outsiders into the indigenous forest with good intentions are often to be unfortunate. The customary rules forbid cutting bulian for private economic purposes except for general public
purposes such as building mosques, meeting halls and so on. While local knowledge of indigenous people tend to believe that cultivation of bulian will only work well if the use of
land from the indigenous forest and will only grow if planted in the area of indigenous forest itself.
3.2 Habitat characteristics of Bulian Forest
Administratively, customary forests of bulian included in Beliti Jaya Village, but customarily remain managed by indigenous peoples of Mambang village. This customary forest area was
originally designated area of ± 50 ha, but the extent has been reduced to ± 34 ha due to encroachment. Domination vegetation in this forest area is bulian which covers about 21.75
ha of land and other types of mixtures Cahyono, 2014. Table 1: Results of soil analysis assessment customary forest of Mambang
No. Soil Properties
Soil Depth 0-20 cm Soil Depth20-60 cm
Value Category
Value Category
1. C-organic
2.22 Middle
1.88 Low
2. Nitrogen
0.22 Middle
0.18 Low
3. CN Ratio
10.09 Low
10.44 Low
4. P
2
O
5
Bray 4.50
Very low 3.75
Very low 5.
CEC me100 g 17.40
Middle 19.14
Middle 6.
K-dd me100 g 0.38
Low 0.45
Middle 7.
Ca-dd me100 g 0.88
Very low 0.65
Very low 8.
Mg-dd me100 g 0.22
Very low 0.25
Very low 9.
Na-dd me100 g 0.33
Low 0.55
Middle 10. Base saturation
10.40 Very low
9.93 Very low
11. Al saturation 64.83
Very high 63.90
Very high 12. pH H
2
O
2
4.09 Very acid
4.06 Very high
13. Texture class 42.72:15.12:
42.16 Clay
40.34:17.34: 42.32
Clay
Source: Pusat Penelitian Tanah, 1983.
Musi Rawas is a wet tropical climate, with 87 air humidity and the sun shines an average of 61.9, 32,9
o
C maximum temperature and minimum temperature 19.6
o
C. The average rainfall is high, i.e. 2,285 per year and an average of 116 rainy days per year. With the dry months only
just four months June, July, August and September, then the area is included in the precipitation type B very wet Pemkab Musi Rawas, 2010. Soil analysis result shows, this soil
forest type was Ultisols, textured clay, soil pH very acidic, low base saturation, phosphate
Bogor, 21-22 October 2015
759 available very low and very high Al saturation. Soil acidity and high monthly rainfall data
showed in this area has high rainfall reaches 300 mm per month. The same was reported by Sidiyasa, 2009 which says that the condition of the soil under stands of ironwood in Muara
Wahau East Kalimantan tends to be acid, with a content of macro elements particularly N, P, K and Ca is relatively low.
3.3 Diameter class distribution Based on the vegetation analysis, it was noted that the stands of ironwood forest has a density
value is relatively good that 67 trees0.4 ha 167.5 treesha and basal area of 11.78 m
2
0.4 ha 29.45 m
2
ha. About 28.36 of the area is dominated by trees in diameter class of 30-39 cm, followed by diameter class of 40-49 cm 22:39, 50-59 cm 19:40, 20-29 cm 14.93,
60 cm 11.94 and 10-19 cm 2.99 Figure 3. The tree stand density in this area is still better than those found in Muara Wahau East Kalimantan, which constitutes about 62.5
treesha Sidiyasa, 2009 and Nature Reserves of Durian Luncuk 2 Jambi which was about 54.5 treesha Nugroho, 2010.The value of both basal area are relatively high, which were about
11.78 m
2
0.4 ha and 29.45 m
2
ha relatively. According to Pambudhi 1994 in Sidiyasa 2009, the normal condition of natural forest with basal area of
trees with stem diameters of ≥ 10 cm is27-38 m²ha.
Figure 3: Diameter class distribution of bulian on customary forest of Mambang Based on the result’s analysis, the Morisita index value is 1.07 which means bulian distribution
patterns tend to clump clumped dispersion. Clumped patterns indicates that bulian grow through the process of natural regeneration. Bulian tends to grow close to each other in small
groups and more commonly around their mother trees. As it grows very close to each other, then there is natural competition between seedlings. Only portion of seedlings in a small
group is able to adapt and some of them are not able to adapt and die. Only naturally selected seedling is able to survive to grow further.
Figure 3 shows the distribution of tree number by diameter class is not in the upside down
‘J’ shape. It indicates the structure of tree stand is abnormal. The most abundant trees were
found at the diameter class of 30-39 cm 28.36, followed by the diameter class of 40-49 cm 22.39, 50-59 cm 19.40, 20-29 cm 14.93, 60 up cm 11.94, and 10-19 cm 2.99
respectively. In forest succession, there is always change from time to time. Changing in stand
5 10
15 20
25 30
10-19 20-29
30-39 40-49
50-59 60 up
2.99 14.93
28.36 22.39
19.40 11.94
T re
e d en
si ty
Class diameter cm
Bogor, 21-22 October 2015
760 structure is likely due to the differences in the ability of trees in harnessing solar energy,
nutrientsminerals and water, as well as the nature of the competition. Therefore, the arrangement of trees in forest stands will form a distribution of varying diameter classes
Ewusie, 1980.The lesser proportion of the small diameter class 10-29 cm compared to the larger ones 30 cm indicated that tree regeneration process is relatively slow. Closed canopy
from larger diameter class may inhibit the regeneration process of the small diameter class, especially for intolerant tree species. Thus the size of the class distribution pattern showing the
group types that is difficult to regenerate Partomiharjo, 2006. In general, the structures of bulian tree stands are abnormal in some observed natural
populations. Nugroho 2010 reported that the stands of bulian structure in Durian Luncuk 2 nature reserve also tend to be abnormal. This is evident from the number of bulian population
is continuously declining from tree to poles, sapling and seedling levels. Bulian is theoretically slow growing tree Heyne, 1987. Less adaptable to other vegetation may
become factors in slow growing. Irawan and Gruber 2004 reported that the average growth of diameter and height of 1 year old bulian generatively propagated seedling is about 0.88 cm
and 0.56 m. It indicates that ecologically the slow growth vegetation requires relatively long time to increase the population, as it will compete with other vegetation of causing natural
selection Heriyanto Garsetiasih, 2004. The failure in formation of gaps is also thought to be influenced by the ability of bulian
regeneration. A wide and thick forest canopy shade up to 95 will inhibit the growth of the seedlings, so that the seedlings will be depressed and even die before entering the next phase
poles and trees. Failures of one stage of reproductive cycle cause regeneration or creation of not optimal new stand. Several stages in regeneration cycle include: flowering, fruit
production, seed dispersal, germination rate, seedling’s growth percentage, and a chance of reaching the forest canopy. Bulian seedling is known as resistant to shade shade tolerant, but
further developments require enough sunlight to stimulate the growth. Nugroho et al.2011 reported that the shade intensity of 81.05 could improve the survival of bulian seedling into
54.33. While Milberg 1993 revealed that the saplings of various species of forest trees is mostly found difficulties in achieving growth success in shade of thick canopy. Monkey in the
forest, which feed the ripe bulian fruits, is causing the inhibitation of bulian regeneration. In addition, the conversions of land into oil palm plantations in the surrounding area will be
increasingly threaten the existence of bulian population. Currently, the bulian forest is under pressure from surrounding area, which is oil palm plantation owned by PT. Juanda Sawit
Lestari and plantation communities.
4. CONCLUSION
