RESULT AND DISCUSSION 1 Adaptability

Bogor, 21-22 October 2015 814 Fj : effect of the jthfamily; BFij : interaction effect of the ithblock and the jthfamily; Eijk : residual 2.3.3 Heritability Genetic parameters were estimated by calculating the heritability values and genetic correlation between traits. Heritability is the proportion of the genetic factors of interest that is inherited from parent to offspring Zobel Talbert, 1984.In other words, heritability is the statistical expression for the relative contributions of genotype and environment to the phenotype performance, and is useful in predicting gain from selection. Individual h 2 i and a family h 2 f heritabilities were calculated from the following equations Zobel Talbert, 1984: .............................................................................. 2 .............................................................................. 3 Where: σ 2 f : variance component of family; σ 2 fb : variance component of family and block interaction; σ 2 e : variance component of error; n : harmonic mean of trees per plot sum; b : harmonic mean of blocks sum. 3. RESULT AND DISCUSSION 3.1 Adaptability The survival rate across this exsitu conservation plot was 92,40 at the age of eight months after planting. It ranged between 60 and 100 perplot famili per replication Figure. 1. This was high and it may decrease with age. The current exsitu conservation plot is planted within its natural distribution and natural altitudinal range. However survival rate also depends on adaptation to biotic and abiotic stress factors, and soiltype and condition Maid, 2006. Figure 1: The average of 25 families of sandalwood survival rates at eight months after planting at the exsitu conservation plot S u rv iv al Famili Bogor, 21-22 October 2015 815 According to Zobel, et al.1960, variation among forest trees may occur among tree species, site provenance, stand, individual tree and within individual tree. Survival and adaptability of trees planted in new site ismost likely associated with variation of site provenanceseed source of the genetic materials involved in the trial. It is rationale when survival rate of the families in the ex situ conservation plot are relatively similar as they are originated from a population where site are relatively uniform. Meanwhile, the economic traits of plants that are not associated with fitness such as stem straightness and growth are most affected by variations between individual trees. 3.2 Variations in height and diameter Across the 25 families, mean total height was 48.49 cm, ranged between 21.0 cm and 96.0 cm, and mean diameter was 4.77 cm,ranged between 2.18 mm to 9.61mm. No significant difference on plant height and diameter among families Table 1 indicated that families involved in the trial had narrow genetic variation in terms of height and diameter traits. Table1: Variance analysis of stem height and diameter on sandalwood at 8 months after planting Source of Variation

d.f m.s

F v F pr Height Block 9 1567,412 7,07 ns 0,284 Family 24 173,578 0,78 ns 0,730 Block Family 115 227,239 1,03 ns 0,675 Error 1 221,551 Total 229 Diameter Block 9 8,155 9,64 ns 0,245 Family 24 0,855 1.01 ns 0,670 Block Family 115 1,073 1,27 ns 0,624 Error 1 0,846 Total 229 d.f = degrees of freedom, s.s = sum of square, m.s = mean square, F v = F value F pr. = F probability, Ns = not significant differences at p0.05

3.3 Heritability

Family h 2 f heritabilities for height and diameter were 0.60 and 0.68 respectively. This heritabilities can be considerred high based on the Cotterill and Dean 1990 classification, that anticipates values 0.6. Heritability of diameter in this study was relativelly identical. It should be noted however that heritability is also expected to change with plant age. In general, heritability estimates for height and diameter had atendency to increase with age. The trend of increasing heritability with age was also reported in the previous study of E. urophylla in China Wei Borralho, 1998 and in Vietnam Kienet al.,2009. The later authors reported that heritabilities estimated for diameter and height increased about twofold in two progeny trials. Other eucalypt species Bouvet and Vigneron 1995, Osorio et al.2001, Gapare et al.2003 and other tropical species, such as Araucaria cunninghamii Setiadi, 2010; Setiadi Susanto, 2012 and Tectona grandis Hadiyan, 2008 were also gave a similar trend. The change in heritability in long rotation crops such as forest trees is expected since genes involved in growth may change Bogor, 21-22 October 2015 816 with age and these changes may be related to different growth phases Missanjo et al., 2013. Kienet al. 2009 stated that the increased heritability with age forgrowth traits could also result from competitive effects occurred in later ages in the stand, whichmay cause over estimation of heritability

4. CONCLUSION