Pest of crop Pest attack symptoms Percentage and attack intensity

Bogor, 21-22 October 2015 608

3.2 Pest of crop

Crops contained in the study sites are cardamom, bananas and taro. Pest of crop only attack cardamom while the banana and taro attack by disease. Type of pests in cardamom is aphids, Pentalonia nigronervosa. Aphid attack symptoms such as leaf roll. Live aphids clustered in of the leaf. Affected leaves yellowish. However this aphid attack can still be tolerated by cardamom and does not interfere with the growth of cardamom. Based on the types of pests that attack H. macrophyllus and crops, show the different types of pests. This shows that there is no similarity between the hosts of the pests so that a combination of H. macrophyllus with cardamom, banana and taro does not create the risk of pests and displacement sustainability of host.

3.3 Pest attack symptoms

Phase larvae and imago of P. javana are stage of beetle that attack H. macrophyllus . Larvae and imago eat the young leaves of H. macrophyllus so that the leaves become perforated Figure 2. Larvae and imago attack all H. macrophyllus age. P. javana prefer to attack young plants, so that pest attack on seedlings and saplings growth rate higher than pole and tree. Podagrica spp. beetles or known as leaf beetle is causing defoliation on the leaves, causing severe damage to the plant species that bother photosynthesis and reduced fruit production as happened in Okra plant species in Africa Banful and Mochiah, 2012; Ekoja et al., 2012. According to Adewole 2010, Podagrica beetle attracted to Malvaceae possibility due to chemical content in the leaves of malvaceae in the form of phytate, tannin, terpenoids, flavonoids and crude fat.

3.4 Percentage and attack intensity

Percentage and attack intensity of P. javana beetle are presented in Table 1. Table 1 shows, the pest attack on H. macrophyllus relatively rather heavy to severe category with percentage attack reach 100. Based on the extent intensity of pest attack, P. javana classified as a major pest for H. macrophyllus. The new type is first reported to be pest of H. macrophyllus. Meanwhile other types namely P. sjostedti reported to be a major pest on Okra with attack intensity reached 80 Adewole, 2010. Table 1: Percentage and attack intensity of P. javana District Plot Dry season Wet season Percentage Intensity Percentage Intensity Tanjungjaya Plot 1 100 58,25 100 50 Plot 2 100 50,5 100 47 Plot 3 100 27,8 100 25,7 Average 100 45,52 100 40,9 Sodonghilir Plot 1 100 42,5 100 32,3 Plot 2 100 59,3 100 57 Plot 3 100 55 100 30 Average 100 52,27 100 39,77 Gunungtanjung Plot 1 100 55 100 52,3 Plot 2 100 53,8 100 43 Plot 3 100 61 100 55 Average 100 56,6 100 50,10 Bogor, 21-22 October 2015 609

3.5 Ecological effect on the attack intensity of P. javana