Pest of crop Pest attack symptoms Percentage and attack intensity
3.2 Pest of crop
Crops contained in the study sites are cardamom, bananas and taro. Pest of crop only attack cardamom while the banana and taro attack by disease. Type of pests in cardamom is aphids, Pentalonia nigronervosa. Aphid attack symptoms such as leaf roll. Live aphids clustered in of the leaf. Affected leaves yellowish. However this aphid attack can still be tolerated by cardamom and does not interfere with the growth of cardamom. Based on the types of pests that attack H. macrophyllus and crops, show the different types of pests. This shows that there is no similarity between the hosts of the pests so that a combination of H. macrophyllus with cardamom, banana and taro does not create the risk of pests and displacement sustainability of host.3.3 Pest attack symptoms
Phase larvae and imago of P. javana are stage of beetle that attack H. macrophyllus . Larvae and imago eat the young leaves of H. macrophyllus so that the leaves become perforated Figure 2. Larvae and imago attack all H. macrophyllus age. P. javana prefer to attack young plants, so that pest attack on seedlings and saplings growth rate higher than pole and tree. Podagrica spp. beetles or known as leaf beetle is causing defoliation on the leaves, causing severe damage to the plant species that bother photosynthesis and reduced fruit production as happened in Okra plant species in Africa Banful and Mochiah, 2012; Ekoja et al., 2012. According to Adewole 2010, Podagrica beetle attracted to Malvaceae possibility due to chemical content in the leaves of malvaceae in the form of phytate, tannin, terpenoids, flavonoids and crude fat.3.4 Percentage and attack intensity
Percentage and attack intensity of P. javana beetle are presented in Table 1. Table 1 shows, the pest attack on H. macrophyllus relatively rather heavy to severe category with percentage attack reach 100. Based on the extent intensity of pest attack, P. javana classified as a major pest for H. macrophyllus. The new type is first reported to be pest of H. macrophyllus. Meanwhile other types namely P. sjostedti reported to be a major pest on Okra with attack intensity reached 80 Adewole, 2010. Table 1: Percentage and attack intensity of P. javana District Plot Dry season Wet season Percentage Intensity Percentage Intensity Tanjungjaya Plot 1 100 58,25 100 50 Plot 2 100 50,5 100 47 Plot 3 100 27,8 100 25,7 Average 100 45,52 100 40,9 Sodonghilir Plot 1 100 42,5 100 32,3 Plot 2 100 59,3 100 57 Plot 3 100 55 100 30 Average 100 52,27 100 39,77 Gunungtanjung Plot 1 100 55 100 52,3 Plot 2 100 53,8 100 43 Plot 3 100 61 100 55 Average 100 56,6 100 50,10 Bogor, 21-22 October 2015 6093.5 Ecological effect on the attack intensity of P. javana
Parts
» Prosiding INAFOR III 2015 FullIssue low rest
» EXPERIMENTAL METHOD 1 Time and location of research
» RESULT AND DISCUSSION 1 Agroforestry Practice in Wan Abdul Rachman Grand Forest Park
» INTRODUCTION Prosiding INAFOR III 2015 FullIssue low rest
» tepperianum spores solution EXPERIMENTAL METHOD 1 Seedlings and gall rust spores material
» EXPERIMENTAL METHOD Prosiding INAFOR III 2015 FullIssue low rest
» RESULT AND DISCUSSION 1 Trust
» METHOD 1 Research Approach Prosiding INAFOR III 2015 FullIssue low rest
» RESULT AND DISCUSSION 1 Actors and their roles in smallholder timber value chain model
» MATERIAL AND METHOD 1 Study area
» RESULT AND DISCUSSION Prosiding INAFOR III 2015 FullIssue low rest
» RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Prosiding INAFOR III 2015 FullIssue low rest
» CONCLUSION Prosiding INAFOR III 2015 FullIssue low rest
» METHOD 1 Study Site Prosiding INAFOR III 2015 FullIssue low rest
» METHODOLOGY 1 Site description Prosiding INAFOR III 2015 FullIssue low rest
» RESULT AND DISCUSSION 1 Silt-pit as a tool for controlling erosion and sedimentation
» METHOD Prosiding INAFOR III 2015 FullIssue low rest
» STUDY SITES Prosiding INAFOR III 2015 FullIssue low rest
» INTRODUCTION METHOD 1 Time and Location
» RESULT AND DISCUSSION 1 The Role of Women in Fatumnasi Village
» METHOD 1 General description of the study area
» RESULT AND DISCUSSION 1 Prosiding INAFOR III 2015 FullIssue low rest
» RESULT AND DISCUSSION 1 Mangrove potential as alternative food
» RESULT AND DISCUSSION 1 Community forest and Livelihood
» METHODS RESULTS 1 Overview of State Forest Area and Forest and Wood Products Utilisation Licence
» DISCUSSION Prosiding INAFOR III 2015 FullIssue low rest
» MATERIAL AND METHOD 1 Material and Location
» RESULT AND DISCUSSION 1 Growth
» RESULT AND DISCUSSION 1 AGB and BA estimates in the study area
» auriculiformis EXPERIMENTAL METHOD 1 Material
» RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 1 Decolorization by immobilized enzymes MnP and 1,2-D
» METHOD 4.1 Location Prosiding INAFOR III 2015 FullIssue low rest
» RESULT AND DISCUSSION 1 Unsupervised classification-ISODATA
» RESULT AND DISCUSSION 1 Research Results
» EXPERIMENTAL METHOD 1 Materials Prosiding INAFOR III 2015 FullIssue low rest
» RESULT AND DISCUSSION 1 Isolation and Screening of Fungal Strain
» INTRODUCTION METHOD 1 Location and the duration of the study
» RESULT AND DISCUSSION 1.1 Prosiding INAFOR III 2015 FullIssue low rest
» MATERIAL AND METHOD 1 Experimental Design
» INTRODUCTION CBFM definition, CBFM and forest managementgovernance
» RESULT AND DISCUSSION 1 Social statuses and agricultural pattern in Aek Matio Jae
» EXPERIMENTAL METHOD 1 Description of the Study Area
» RESULT AND DISCUSSION 1 Characteristics of land and
» METHODOLOGY 1 Framework Prosiding INAFOR III 2015 FullIssue low rest
» RESULT AND DISCUSSION 1 Potential of reducing CO
» INTRODUCTION Material and method
» EXPERIMANTAL METHOD 1 Study Site
» INTRODUCTION METHOD Prosiding INAFOR III 2015 FullIssue low rest
» MATERIAL AND METHOD 1 Materials and equipment
» EXPERIMENTAL METHOD 1 Plant material and the explant
» verstegii verstegii EXPERIMENTAL METHOD 1 Location and Material
» METHODOLOGY 1 Preparation Prosiding INAFOR III 2015 FullIssue low rest
» RESULT AND DISCUSSION 1 Extract levels
» METHOD 1 Collecting data method
» RESULT AND DISCUSSION 1 Characteristics of black bamboo
» MATERIAL AND METHOD 1 Materials
» EXPERIMENT METHOD Prosiding INAFOR III 2015 FullIssue low rest
» RESULT AND DISCUSSION 1 Moisture distribution: pattern and influential factors
» INTRODUCTION RESEARCH METHOD 1 Approach
» RESULT AND DISCUSSION 1 Feasibility of coffee as a seeded non wood forest products
» INTRODUCTION 1 Background Prosiding INAFOR III 2015 FullIssue low rest
» MATERIAL AND METHOD 1 Introduction to the FORIS project
» RESULT AND DISCUSSION – KEY HIGHLIGHTS
» RESULT 1 Bird Diversity Prosiding INAFOR III 2015 FullIssue low rest
» DISCUSSION 1 Bird respond to the human disturbances
» EXPERIMENTAL METHOD 1 Time and Location
» RESULT AND DISCUSSION 1 Structure of mangrove forest
» RESULT AND DISCUSSION 1 Financial Analysis
» EXPERIMENTAL METHOD 1 Material Prosiding INAFOR III 2015 FullIssue low rest
» RESULT AND DISCUSSION 1 Genetic diversity
» RESULT AND DISCUSSION 1 Sustainable utilization of forest plant
» EXPERIMENTAL METHOD 1 Material and tools
» RESULT AND DISCUSSION 1 Tree individual increment
» MATERIAL AND METHOD 1 Leaves samples
» RESULT AND DISCUSSION 1 Population of Timor Deer
» CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 1 Conclusion
» MATERIAL AND METHOD Prosiding INAFOR III 2015 FullIssue low rest
» EXPERIMENTAL METHOD 1 Study site RESULT AND DISCUSSION 1 Results
» EXPERIMENTAL METHOD 1 Zone delineation into management clusters
» EXPERIMENTAL METHOD RESULT AND DISCUSSION
» dorsata and T. itama bee bread composition
» dorsata RESULT AND DISCUSSION 1
» mellifera worker June RESULT AND DISCUSSION 1
» FARM FORESTRY AND LOCAL KNOWLEDGE
» FARM FORESTRY OPTIMIZATION Prosiding INAFOR III 2015 FullIssue low rest
» COCLUSION Prosiding INAFOR III 2015 FullIssue low rest
» DEVELOPMENT OF INTEGRATED BIO-CYCLE FARMING SYSTEM
» CONCLUSSION Prosiding INAFOR III 2015 FullIssue low rest
» RESEARCH METHOD 1 Data Prosiding INAFOR III 2015 FullIssue low rest
» RESULT AND DISCUSSION 1 Zoning function of urban forest in low laying coastal city
» CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION Prosiding INAFOR III 2015 FullIssue low rest
» Pest of crop Pest attack symptoms Percentage and attack intensity
» Ecological effect on the attack intensity of P. javana
» EXPERIMENTAL METHOD 1 Materials and Equipment CONCLUSION
» EXPERIMENTAL METHOD 1 Study area and people RESULT AND DISCUSSION
» EXPERIMENTAL METHOD 1 Study Sites
» p RESULT AND DISCUSSION 1 Seedling Survival
» p p RESULT AND DISCUSSION 1 Seedling Survival
» RESEARCH METHOD 1 Theoretical framework
» MATERIAL AND METHOD RESULT DAN DISCUSSION 1 Potency of teak forest as source of cattle feeds
» RESEARCH METHOD Prosiding INAFOR III 2015 FullIssue low rest
» EXPERIMENTAL METHOD 1 Research Area
» RESULT AND DISCUSSION 1 Land cover changes
» INTRODUCTION RESEARCH METHOD Prosiding INAFOR III 2015 FullIssue low rest
» INTRODUCTION METHOD RESULT AND DISCUSSION
» EXPERIMENTAL METHOD 1 Place and Time
» RESULT AND DISCUSSION 1 Mycelial growth
» METHOD 1 Location RESULT AND DISCUSSION
» CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION Prosiding INAFOR III 2015 FullIssue low rest
» RESULT AND DISCUSSION 1 Precipitation
» EXPERIMENTAL METHOD 1. Materials and Tools RESULT AND DISCUSION
» LOCATION MANAGEMENT BY LOCAL INSTITUTION DESIGN AND CONTRUCTION
» INTRODUCTION EXPERIMENTAL METHOD Prosiding INAFOR III 2015 FullIssue low rest
» INTRODUCTION EXPERIMENTAL METHOD 1 Description for Study Area
» EXPERIMENTAL METHOD 1 Location Prosiding INAFOR III 2015 FullIssue low rest
» RESULT AND DISCUSSION 1 History of
» MATERIAL AND METHOD 1 Management of breeding population
» RESULT AND DISCUSSION 1 Growth and genetic parameters
» Axillary buds initiation in F. moluccana micro propagation
» moluccana families 1 mgl IBA
» THE UPSTREAM CONDITIONS Prosiding INAFOR III 2015 FullIssue low rest
» THE MIDDLE STREAM CONDITIONS
» THE DOWNSTREAM CONDITIONS Prosiding INAFOR III 2015 FullIssue low rest
» MATERIAL AND METHOD RESULT AND DISCUSSION
» MATERIAL AND METHOD 1 Fungal isolates RESULT AND DISCUSSION
» RESULT AND DISCUSSION 1 Bud culture
» MATERIAL AND METHOD 1 Material
» RESULT AND DISCUSSION 1 Adaptability
» EXPERIMENTAL METHOD 1 Place and time research
» RESULT AND DISCUSSION 1 Life percentage
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