EXPERIMENTAL METHOD 1 Time and location of research

3 Bogor, 21-22 October 2015 dependent on the ability of the community to access food, not only from own production but also food purchased from the market using its own assets. In the same line, EIU 2012 states that food insecurity in Indonesia is not necessarily due to unavailability of food, but rather due to lack of affordability and vulnerability to food price shocks. High prices make food less affordable for consumers. Those, for whom food consumption makes a significant portion of household expenditure, are the most vulnerable to higher prices EIU, 2014. The ability to purchase food links to income. Most rural households’ incomes in developing countries depend directly or indirectly on agriculture. Hence, for these households, income plays a very important means to secure food. A relatively small temporary reduction of income would mean that the household would consume less food than is required to maintain a healthy and active life Zeller et al., 1997. This is one of the important condition enabling food security as stated in Rome Declaration on World Food Security at World Food Summit 1996, i.e., τFood security exists when people at all times have physical, social and economic access to sufficient and nutritious food that meets their dietary needs for a healthy and active lif e”. The nexus between income and food security is thus important for a rural community survival, specifically where local food crop production is not an option. Such condition can be found among the agroforestry farmers of Wan Abdul Rachman Grand Forest Park who are given the rights to practice agroforestry inside a state protected area. The agroforestry lands are only allowed to be planted with cash crops and cannot be planted with food crops. Thus, cash crops are an integral part of strategies to improve food security for the households in this area. By selling their cash crops on markets, the households generate income that improves their accesses to food. On the other hand, communities with increased specialisation in cash crops will face a drop in incomes during harvest failure, when prices fall, or lack or minimum access to market. Such income slump will have consequences for their food security status Achterbosch et al., 2014, which could eventually lead to food insecurity. Food insecurity is an indicator of poverty and social capital is said to be able to significantly alleviate poverty. Research by Dzanjaet al. 2013 specifically concludes that social capital has positive influence on household food security. The linkage between social capital and food security, is however, has not been extensively studied. This paper will look at the importance of social capital in ensuring food security of the cash crops agroforestry farmers of Wan Abdul Rachman Grand Forest Park of Lampung Province in Indonesia, with focus on the contribution of agroforestry to the local income-generation. 2. EXPERIMENTAL METHOD 2.1 Time and location of research The research was conducted in Wan Abdul Rachmad Grand Forest Park, Lampung Province of Indonesia from May-July 2014. Specifically, the research took place on the social forestry and reforestation block within the Grand Forest Park. 2.2 Sampling procedure and size Sampling procedure involve a multi-stage sampling. Sample villages were selected based on the following criteria 1 directly adjacent to the Grand Forest Park; 2 the local population are practicing agroforestry within the social forestry and reforestation block; and 3 has the characteristic of developing, moderately developing and under developing economies. The villages selected were, Sumber Agung, Batu Putu and Talang Mulya Villages respectively. The 4 Bogor, 21-22 October 2015 unit of population sampled selected was agroforestry household. A simple random sampling technique was used to select respondents out of all the agroforestry farmers. To determine the minimum amount of population that must be acquired, Paul Leedy formula Arikunto, 2010 was used Equation 1, while the total number of respondents within each village followed Walpole formula Equation 2 as follows: 1 Where: n : size of sample p : the estimated proportion of cases in the population e : the proportion of sampling error in a given situation z : the standard score corresponding to a given confidence level 2 Where: N village : number of individuals in each village Ni : number of i th population in a village N : total population n : population size The use of Equation 1 and 2 gave the total number of respondents as shown in Table 1. Table 1: Total number of samples No. Village name Sub-district No. of household No. of household sampled 1. Sumber Agung Kemiling 499 43 2. Batu Putu Teluk Betung 251 22 3. Talang Mulya Padang Cermin 398 34 Total 1148 99 2.3 Data Collection Technique Both primary and secondary data were collected. Primary data included household income, social capitals comprised of trust, norms and networks elements, expenses from both agroforestry and non-agroforestry practices, and agroforestry plants composition, which were collected from direct observation and interviews. Secondary data included social-economic condition of the village samples collected through literature studies from periodic reports and publications from local authorities, institutions, government offices and websites. 2.4 Data Analysis Data collected were analysed to determine ag roforestry contribution on the farmers’ household income. The total income was calculated as the sum of total income from agroforestry and non-agroforestry practices, whereas total expenses were calculated as the sum of total expenses for food and non-food. 5 Bogor, 21-22 October 2015 3. RESULT AND DISCUSSION 3.1 Agroforestry Practice in Wan Abdul Rachman Grand Forest Park