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PAPER D4 - Integrated Approach for Land Use Change Analysis as An Effort to Climate Change Mitigation in Medan
North Sumatera Province
Rahmawaty
1
, Monnica Zalukhu
1
, Abdul Rauf
2
1
Forestry Study Program, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Sumatera Utara, Jl. Tri Dharma Ujung No. 1 Kampus USU, Medan 20155, Indonesia
2
Agroecotechnology Study Program, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Sumatera Utara, Jl. A.Sofyan No. 3 Kampus USU, Medan 20155, Indonesia
Corresponding Email: rahmawaty1974gmail.com; rahma2107usugmail.com
ABSTRACT
Changes in land uses is among the important issues in North Sumatra, especially in the city of Medan. To support climate change mitigation, this study aimed to analyze changes in land use
during the period 2000 to 2011 and to identify main factors affecting the changes of land uses in Medan city. This study was conducted from March to August 2013. The Geographic
information system GIS with overlay technique was used to analyze land use changes. The analytical hierarchy process AHP with questioner and interview was used to determine the
cause of changes and the factors driving the changes in land use. Field observations were also undertaken to assess the biophysical conditions due to changes in land use. The results
showed that for eleven years, the greatest extensive changes in land use were in the form of dry land farming mixed shrubs become dry land agriculture, followed by changes in rice fields
becomes settlement. Other land use changes that affect widely were changes of shrubs into oil palm plantations and fish pond. Economic factors were the main cause of changes,
followed by social factors and ecological factors. Economic criteria selected by respondents showed as the most important priority for activities in Medan City, that cannot be separated
from economic activities that has strong alignment with spatial development. Changes on land uses basically is influenced by economic or financial considerations of agricultural land that
has been converted into non-agricultural use, either for residential, offices, and other facilities. In order to mitigate climate change in Medan City, role of all stakeholders, especially local
governments should be improved in order to minimize in land uses. Keywords: AHP, climate change, GIS, Medan City, mitigation, plantation
1. INTRODUCTION
Increasing human population has consequences on accelerating demands and intensity of human activities on the land with various degrees of impact on all of the material and natural
resources in the world. Population pressures have accelerated the increased in land values and diverse demand for land. Changes in land uses in Medan City need to be monitored because
it affects on climate change, especially in the city. In North Sumatra,some studies on land use have been carried out Rahmawaty et al., 2011; Onrizal, 2010.
Some of these studies explain on how changes in forest land into plantations, agricultural land into non-agriculture. Other studies show on mangrove forest that turned into ponds, also
changes on the uses of rice fields to other uses. Human activities brought on the changes of urban land uses from year to year. According to Parengkuan 1991 that urban activities will
grow if the population is growing. Because the land is permanent, some land will be contested
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353 by the activities that have criteria in accordance with the land is located. Competition in land
use has accumulated and caused land originally allocated for a particular activity in the city plan, often been used by other types of activities at implementation.
Human needs on goods and space impact on land use change. Increased interaction between people and land influence the land use change. Remote sensing technology and Geographic
Information System GIS are suitable methods to monitor land cover change and to support management effort of these resources sustainability. Analysis of factors causing changes in
land cover using Analytical Hierarchy Process AHP can provide several solutions in Medan to improve the situation. This study aimed to analyse changes in land use in the period 2000 to
2011 and to identify the main factors causing the changes of land use in Medan North Sumatera Province.
2. Material and method
This study was conducted from March to August 2013. Data collection was conducted from March 2013 to April 2013, and the data analysis was conducted from May 2013 to August
2013. The research was undertaken in the area of Medan, North Sumatra Province Figure 1. Data processing was performed at the Laboratory of Integrated Forest Management
Department of Forestry, Faculty of Agriculture, North Sumatra University. The Geographic information system GIS with overlay technique was used to analyze land
use changes. The analytical hierarchy process AHP with questioner and interview was used to determine the cause of changes and the factors driving the changes in land use. Field
observations were also undertaken to assess the biophysical conditions due to changes in land use.
Figure 1: Study site map
Medan City Map
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354 All data thematic layers gathered from different offices were projected on UTM Universal
Transverse Mercator Zone 47 N before determination of land useland use change. Then, Land useland use change in the area was determined by overlaying maps of different periods,
using ArcView GIS and ArcGIS multi-thematic intersect operation. The data gathered were encoded in the computer using the spreadsheet program Microsoft Office Excel and output
tables were exported as data based file dbf table. Computing the decrease or increase in area was done using a Microsoft Office Excel program.
Land use change maps were derived from maps of different years of acquisition by using geoprocessing analysis with two thematic layers overlay resulting from different year of
interpretation. XTool extension in ArcView was used to analyze changes. Microsoft Excel software supported the conversion of the tabulated data into a dbf IV format. The ArcView
was used in converting the tabulated data into shape files and the merging of the different themes through the geoprocessing wizard.
3. RESULT AND DISCUSSION
