RESULT AND DISCUSSION 1 Characteristics of black bamboo
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3. RESULT AND DISCUSSION 3.1 Characteristics of black bamboo
Gigantochloa atrovilacae Widjaja was known as Bambu Hitam or black bamboo. The synonim is Gigantochloa verticillata Willd. Munro. It has local names in several region of Indonesia, namely
awi hideung Sundanese and pring wulung Javanese. Its features are the stem is purplish black to black, in some places also often found in blackpurple rather mixed with green. The purple
colour is prominent when it is grown in dry areas Branching begins from the middle to the end of the stem segment. There are aereal roots in the bottom of the stem segment. The stem
height can reach 14 meters with diameter of 11 cm. The internodes are 30-50 cm long. The species can be propagated vegetatively by culm loggings or rhizomes. Black Bamboo grows
well in the area of climate type A, B, and C with rainfall 1.800 mmyear, on lands that not waterlogged, the altitude from lowlands to 1.000 m above sea level. This species distributed
naturally in Sumatera and Java. People used Black Bamboo for furniture, angklung Sundanese musical instrument, cement fiber board, paper, chopstick, and its bamboo shoots can be used
as vegetable for food Widjaja, 1987 2001Heyne, 1951.
Figure 1: Black Bamboo
Figure 2: Plant Spacing of Black Bamboo 3.2 Silviculture technique of black bamboo
The silviculture technique of Black Bamboo consists of 5 steps, namely 1 planting preparation, 2 bamboo seedling preparation, 3 planting, 4 maintenance, and 5 logging
and production Sutiyono, 1990, 1992, 2014. The short description of Black Bamboo cultivation will be described as follows.
8m 8m
8m 8m
8m
8m 8m
8m 8m
8m 8m
8m 8m
8m
8m 8m
8m 8m
8m 8m
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Land to be planted with Black Bamboo must dry soil and never flooded. Before planting, the soil must be cleared from bush or weeds and if there is a tree, it must be felled. Then,
plant spacing is very important to obtain high productivity and easy harvesting logging. Black Bamboo using a spacing of 8x6 mha or 210 clumpsha. But if the land is
slopinghilly then the planting follow the direction of contour. A spacing between the contours can be made 2 m and a spacing within the contour of 7 m. At points of
predetermined spacing, plugged solid stake from bamboo ajir that are not easily fall due to wind or hit by animals or people.
In Black Bamboo cultivation we recomended to use organic fertilizers such as manure, green manure, or compost. Organic fertilizer helps the growth of bamboo seedlings.
Manure can be derived from chicken dung or cattle dung. While the green manure can be derived from shrubs, reeds or leaves. Each planting hole requires 40 lt of manure or
approximately 2 oil cans. The planting hole measuring 60x60x40 cm. Planting hole is then fitted with compost for 2 months until it is ready for planting.
2 Bamboo Seedlings Preparation Black Bamboo can be propagated by seed, cuttings of branches, stem cuttings and rhizom
cutting. Propagation by seed is never done because it must wait for Black Bamboo bear fruit, While we have never found Black Bamboo flowering. As stated previously, Black
Bamboo classified as medium sized type and do not have a prominent branches. Therefore, Black Bamboo propagation should using stem cuttings not branch cuttings.
Figure 3: Black Bamboo Propagations The use of rhizom cuttings is the last alternative with consideration there in abundance,
low cost, and small size. Rhizom cuttings are usually collected from the wild bamboo clump which is damaged or not maintained. Rhizom cuttings used can be small or large,
not broken and looks fresh budsno cuts or bruises. The bamboo seedling then be planted in polybag. The bamboo seedlings used are that have been aged 4-5 months
because of the seedlings less than 4 months are easily die.
3 Planting Planting should be done in the rainy season, such as in December, January, or February at
the latest. Improper planting time causing many seeds are dead. The bamboo seedlings then released from polibag and planted in the planting holes which the soil are opened
before. The polibag can be not separated especially planting in February in order to avoid damaging the roots of seedlings. Close the planting hole with excavation and then
condense after flushing water so the roots contact with the ground. If planting must be done in dry season then give the grass mulch in order to maintain the soil moisture.
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Maintenance consists of patching, weeding, slashing shrubs, prunning, fertilization, thinning, composing the structure and the composition of stems in the clump, and
managing the drainage. Not all will be described here. Fertilization is intended to stimulate stem shoots contained in rhizom in the soil and sustain the productivity of
stemsclumps. Fertilizer given one times a year before rainy season. Fertilizer application by sown the deep ditch at10 cm around a clump.
Table 1: The type and dosage of fertilizer for Black Bamboo
Age of clump Dosis Kgha
Urea TSP
1 year 2 years
3 years 4 years
5 years 6 years
≥ 7 years 40
80 120
200 300
320 400
40 80
120 200
300 320
400
Then setting the structure and composition of the stems in a clump is very important in logging activities in order to get a quality stem, lifetime, and sustainable. Black Bamboo is
grown in the wet climate of type A and B must be set in a grove of four generations of age, namely 1, 2, 3, and 4 years old. To get sustainable production of stem should be
made composition of 25 for each age generation stems.
5 Logging and Production Logging the stems of Black Bamboo is done during the dry season in order to obtain a
good quality of stems with low water content. Vise-versa in the rainy season besides water level is still high and interfere regeneration because of during the rainy season appears lot
of bamboo shoots are feared to be crushed by the felled stems. While the first harvesting are done simultaneously with the first thinning, namely when clumps age of 3 years. At
this first logging, no stems produced because the first generation thrunks are still small. Tabel 2: Production of Black Bamboo Stems per ha
Age of clump Stem production
Stemclump Stemha
Kgstem Tonha
1st year 2nd year
3rd year 4th year
5th year 6th year
7th year
8th year onwards 2
4 7
12 12
420 840
1470 2520
2520 5
10 15
20 25
2,1 8,4
22,1 46,2
57,8
The second logging done at the clumps age of 4 years which produced bigger stems than the first. The third logging and so on will be carried out every year and the felled stems
are the second generation on the clumps, and so on. Stems production greater in line with age of the clumps and achieving stable and normal stem production after the age of 7
years.
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