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PAPER E10 - Feasibility Analysis of Coffee as A Seeded Non Wood Forest Product of The Forest District of South Bandung
Triyono Puspitojati
1
, Idin Saepudin
2
and Dedeng Mulyana
3 1
Research and Development Centre for Social, Economic, Policy and Climate Change, Jl. Gunung Batu No. 5 Bogor 16610, Telp. 0251 8633944,
2
Agroforestry Technology Research Institute, Jl. Ciamis - Banjar Km 4 Ciamis 46201, Telp. 0265 771352;
3
Forest District of South Bandung, Jl. Cirebon No. 4 Bandung, Telp. 022 7208310 Corresponding Email: tp_jatiyahoo.co.id
ABSTRACT
The area of coffee agroforestry in the Forest District of South Bandung was 3.713 ha and therefore coffee could be a seeded non wood forest product NWFP. The objective of this
study was to analyse the feasibility of coffee as a seeded NWFP of the Forest District of South Bandung. Analysis was conducted using five criteria set by Ministry of Forestry 2009. The
results were as follows. First, the role of coffee in driving the Forest District economy was high. Coffee trade value was approximately Rp. 45 billion ± USD 4 millions per year. Second,
coffee agroforestry was suitable to be developed in the Forest District area. It was distributed evenly in the Forest District area adjacent to 111 villages. Third, coffee agroforestry generating
jobs for 5.148 farmers in the cultivation of coffee and many others in related activities. Fourth, the development of coffee was supported by many institutions: Government, local coffee
association, enterprises and cooperatives. Fifth, technology used in the cultivation and processing of coffee was moderate. The coffee agroforestry was cultivated less intensive and
coffee was processed mainly for local and national market. Over all, coffee was feasible to be determined as a seeded NWFP of the Forest District, with seeded value of one. This means
that coffee was a profitable business having a significant role in driving the Forest District economy. Therefore, it should be prioritized for development.
Keywords: Coffee agroforestry, seeded NWFP, drive, district economy
1. INTRODUCTION
In the late 1990s, forest encroachment for farming activities rifed in West Java, included in the Forest District of South Bandung FDSB. Protected forest area of 2,637 ha in FDSB were
encroached, the trees were cut down and the land was used for the cultivation of vegetables, such as: cabbage, potatoes, tomatoes, carrots and caisim Ediningtyas, 2007.
Various efforts to address the problem continued to be done. Through a long process, eventually rural people were willing to return the encroached forest and even participate in
reforestation activities. In return, they were given the opportunity to grow coffee under forest stands.
Coffee cultivation in protected forests began in 2001, as many as 24,000 trees. Since then, the coffee continued to be planted in conjunction with reforestation activities. In 2011, the area of
coffee agroforestry in protected forests has reached 3,713 ha. Coffee plants spread over nine forest Sub-districts 24 Sub-districts and 27 forest resorts 111 villages. Coffee cultivation
involved 111 farmers groups 5,148 farmers.
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forests also provided benefits to merchants, coffee industry, entrepreneurs cafes, exporters and communities. In such conditions, coffee was potential to become a seeded non wood
forest product NWFP, which was profitable to be cultivated and able to drive the regional economy.
This research was conducted in order to support coffee cultivation under forest stand. The research objective was to analyze the feasibility of coffee as a seeded NWFP of the Forest
District of South Bandung.
2. RESEARCH METHOD 2.1 Approach
Coffee is usually managed by companies in agricultural land and on private land owned by the community. Therefore, coffee is known as an agricultural product. In this study, coffee was
placed as a non wood forest product NWFP, with the following considerations. First, in the Ministry of Forestry Decree P.35 2007, NWFPs were defined as biological forest products
both plants and animals along with their derived products and cultivation except wood from the forest. Based on the definition, coffee harvested from forest was placed as an NWFP.
Second, the Ministry of Environment and Forestry Decree No. P.12 2015 supported the cultivation of coffee under forest stand. Third, in the agreement of Community Based Forest
Management CBFM, between Perum Perhutani and rural people, coffee was stated as an NWFP KPH Bandung Selatan, 2012. Fourth, in the Forest District of South Bandung and
surrounding areas, 80 of coffee production was estimated from forests. 2.2 Data Collection
Data was collected from April to May 2012, in the Forest District of South Bandung and surrounding area. The primary data obtained through interviews with stakeholders farmers,
forestry employees, industrial roasters and traders by using a questionnaire prepared and through field observations. While secondary data was obtained from the statistics office,
Perum Perhutani office and other sources. The data collected related to the five criteria of seeded NWFPs.
2.3 Analysis Feasibility of coffee as a seeded NWFP of the Forest District of South Bandung was analysed
based on five criteria economic, biophysics and environment, institution, social and technology and 22 indicators, which were set by the Ministry of Forestry Decree No.
P.212009. The analysis was performed through the following stages: 1 Developing each criteria, indicators and standards in the form of tabulation, as shown in
Table 1. 2 Determining the value of each indicator with a value of 3, 2 or 1, by comparing the
standards established and the facts obtained from the field. 3 Calculating Weighted Indicator Value WIV each criteria with the following formula.
n Ni WIVc = Wc[∑ --------] 100
i=1 Nimax Where:
WIVc = weighted indicator value of the criteria c Wc = weight of the criteria c
n = number of indicators of the criteria c Ni = value of the indicator i of the criteria c
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Nimax = maximum value of the indicator i of the criteria c c = criteria economic, biophysic, institution, social and technology
Table 1: Indicators and standards of seeded NWFPs
Indicators Standards
Value
Indicator 1 a. Standard a
b. Standard b c. Standard c
3 2
1
Indicator 2 a. Standard a
b. Standard b c. Standard c
3 2
1
Indicator ... a. Standard a
3 b. Standard b
c. Standard c 2
1 Indicator n
a. Standard a b. Standard b
c. Standard c 3
2 1
4 Calculating Total Seeded Value TSV of coffee by adding WIV of all criteria, or TSV = WIV of economic + WIV of biophysic + WIV of institution + WIV of social + WIV of
technology 5 Determining seeded value SV of coffee as a seeded NWFP, using the following
parameters : - SV 1 is a coffee with TSV = 78-100
- SV 2 is a coffee with TSV = 54-77 - SV 3 is a coffee with TSV = 33-53
Coffee was assessed as a seeded NWFP of the Forest District of South Bandung if it has SV 1 or SV 2.
3. RESULT AND DISCUSSION 3.1 Feasibility of coffee as a seeded non wood forest products
