RESULT AND DISCUSSION 1 Mycelial growth

Bogor, 21-22 October 2015 673 autoclave on 121 o C, 1atm pressure. After cooling stage, the media were inoculated with P.ostreatus F2 as seed. Each colonize bag contains 15 seeds. The colonize bag was tied using plastic pipe and cover it with paper. All the colonize bags were incubated in the dark place with 27 o C-28 o C for three weeks. 2.2.4 Cultivation condition After the colonize bag were full with mycelia during incubation, then the bag-logs were transferred to the cropping room kumbung. The cropping room environment was kept illuminated by sunlight, good air circulation and humidity. Watering was done twice a day in the morning and afternoon, it because the weather of Manado mostly warm with temperature about 30 o C. 2.2.5 Harvesting The harvesting of mushroom was done after the formation of mushroom has been completed. Formation of complete mushroom, especially its body fruit was occurred one week after the colonize bag has been transferred into the cropping room. 2.3 Data Analysis Data analysis was conducted using mann-whitney test and description of quantitative comparison. 3. RESULT AND DISCUSSION 3.1 Mycelial growth This research used coco coir and jabon seed extraction waste as cultivation media for white oyster mushroom. The material of each media can be seen in figure 1. Morphologically, coco coir has coarse and fibrous texture. On the other hand, the texture of jabon seed extraction waste was smooth and greater porosity. Mycelial growth is the beginning formation of the fungal fruiting bodies. Mycelial growth was influenced by the substrate that use as a growth medium of fungus. The results of Mann- Whitney test showed that the difference in the media used provides highly influence on mycelial growth response P. ostreatus on 3 rd , 7 th , 14 th and 21 st observation days Table 1.. Table 1: Mann-whitney test, the differences of using media for mycelia growth of P.ostreatus Treatment Z count Day 3 Day 7 Day 14 Day 21 Media -3,79 -3,49 -3,78 -3,79 Remark : Mean values followed by are significantly different at 95 confidence level The research was noted that isolates of white oyster mushrooms that are grown in coco coir media has a faster growth compared to jabon seed extraction waste media. Pleurotus ostreatus mycelial growth on coco coir growing media on 3 days post inoculation, with an average length of 13.22 cm on 21days post inoculation, has peaked at 28 days post inoculation figure 2, which is characterized by the fulfilment of all colonize bag. This result was relatively balanced with research by Astuti and Kuswytasari 2013 which the use of a mixture of coconut husk media and sengon of 1: 1 to produce 13.375 cm length at 21 days of inoculation. Bogor, 21-22 October 2015 674 Figure 1: Agroforestry waste as cutivation media A cococoir, B Jabon seed extraction Figure 2: Growth of P.ostreatus mycelia in coco coir media compare to jabon seed extraction waste media Characteristic of mycelial growth on coco coir is very different compared to P.ostreatus inoculated on jabon seed extraction waste, the mycelia are failed to meet the colonize bags. The peak of mycelial growth occurred on 14days post inoculation with an average length of 3.67 cm. After 21days of inoculation, the average growth decreased to 2.89 due to contamination by other fungi. On 28 th day post inoculation, the most of colonize bag made from jabon seed extraction waste are contaminated by contaminant fungal, resulting mycelia did not grow and die. Nurilla et al. 2013 stated that some of the factors that affect the percentage of mycelium fulfilled the colonize bag are caused by several things, such as the character of the media, water content, pH, temperature of cropping room, contamination by both of fungus and bacterial, also pests. Based on research by Chandel et al. 2011 and Umachigi et al. 2007, extraction of white Jabon contains phenolic and flavonoids that function as antioxidants, while according to Chandra Sekar et al. 2010 possess saponin acid content and chlorogenic acid. Wehave 0.89 1.88 2.34 2.89 3.67 2.1 2.85 7.01 13.22 20 5 10 15 20 25 day 3 day 7 day 14 day 21 day 28 Jabon cococoir A B Bogor, 21-22 October 2015 675 suspected the compound might also exist on the jabon seed extraction waste and was affect to inhibit the growth of oyster mushroom. The growth of mycelia is highly influenced by nutrient contained in the media. White oyster mushroom needs cellulose, lignin, carbohydrates and glucose Sharma et al., 2013 and Tisdale, 2004. According to Astuti and Kuswytasari 2013, the chemical composition of Coco coir provides the necessary nutrients for the growth of white oyster mushroom. Coco coir has been known as lignocellulosic material Hadaret al., 1992. In addition, the used of coco coir as growing medium also have a positive influence on Wood ear mushroom Auriculariapolytricha Nurilla et al., 2013. The usage of coco coir 20 as a mixture of sawdust 60 provides the highest percentage growth in the wood ear mushroom mycelium were tested in the amount of 73.33. Figure 3: Mycelial growth on the colonize bag of cocopeat A. The isolate of P.ostreatus from Makassar, B mycelia at 14 th day post inoculation, C mycelia at 21 st day post inoculation, D mycelia at 28 th day post inoculation, upper viewed after colonize whole bag 3.2 Fruiting body production and harvesting Pleoratusostratus which planted on Jabon seed extraction waste media was unable to form the fruiting bodies so that cannot be harvested. This result makes the harvest comparison from two different media cannot be done, so that in this discussion will only be more elaborated on the production of body fruit and harvesting resulting from the use of coco coir media. The growth of white oyster mushroom body fruit in the coco coir media occurs 5 to 7 days after the lid of colonize bag was opened. The opening lid of colonize bag performed on the 28 th day after inoculation, when the mycelia was colonized whole bag. The number of pin head in each colonize bag for a harvesting period was 8 to 9 pin heads, with the average diameter of 6.09 cm. The cap of mushroom body fruit diameter in this study has not much a big different from the research in Fauzi et al., 2013 with the average diameter of 7.11 cm. The 0.82 cm differences can be explained with free chemical fertilizer and other growth stimulate products in this study. A B C D Bogor, 21-22 October 2015 676 Figure 4: Growth of P.ostreatus. A early primordia, B primordia one day old, C young mushroom, D adult mushroom, E yield Figure 5: White Oyster Mushroom ready for harvest in the cropping room B D E A C Bogor, 21-22 October 2015 677 The growth of mushroom’s body fruit was affected by light, pH of the medium, and water composition Seswati et al., 2013. Moreover Sumiyati and Juwariah said that the minimum requirement for mycelial and body fruit grow is the moisture content reaches 60-70.In this research, the average yield produced is 183.666 grams per colonize bag in one harvest. This yields greater than the research from Astuti and Kuswytasari 2013 that the amount of yield produced reaches 128.75 grams at the first harvest. The use of coco coir as a growing medium for white oyster mushroom is known very well and provided a positive impact on the nutritional content of mushrooms produced. As revealed by Yuliani et al. 2013 that the white oyster mushroom with the greatest nutritional content is mushroom with cocopeat medium with 75 ash content of 0.40, 2.80 protein, fat 0.31 and carbohydrates a total of 11.09. 3.3 Survival rate Percent of life becomes one of parameters in determining the suitability of the growth medium. Study on the survival rate of P. ostreatus in the coco coir media reaches 100, whereas with jabon seed extraction waste only reached 50. The low survival rate on jabon seed extraction waste media was influenced by biotic and abiotic factor. Abiotic component factors were causing low survival rate included water content, pH, temperature, humidity and light intensity. The most conspicuous of abiotic component that causes failure inoculation on jabon seed extraction waste media was humidity and moisture content. Compare to coco coir, the media made from jabon seed extraction waste has a finer texture and shaft so it cannot keep the water inside. This is evidenced by a very dry media of jabon seed extraction waste compared to coco coir media. Istomo and Valentino 2012 stated that the coco coir media basically have the ability to bind and store the water very strong. Coco coir is a medium that has a high water-holding capacity. Moreover, it has micropores that are able to inhibit the movement of water, causing higher water availability. The disorders of other organisms, particularly pathogenic microorganisms become the causing of failure inoculation of P. ostreatus. Contamination by other pathogenic fungal is the main obstacle in P. ostreatus mycelia to growth. This is due to contaminants mycelium was also absorbing the nutrients contained in the colonize bag, it make white oyster mushroom mycelia cannot grow and further resulted mycelia cannot survive perfectly. Colonize bags made from jabon seed extraction waste were more vulnerable to contamination by fungal pathogens. Some fungal pathogen widely known were Trichoderma spp, Aspergillus sp and Fusarium sp. Characteristics can be observed macroscopically were the presence of mycelia and spores green on Trichoderma spp and Aspergillus sp, while the fungal pathogen Fusarium sp. has orange to purple mycelia characteristics. The other microorganism causes contamination on colonize bag was the bacteria. The existence of organisms caused contaminant mostly by poor media sterilization.

4. CONCLUSION