RESULT AND DISCUSSION 1 The Role of Women in Fatumnasi Village

102 Bogor, 21-22 October 2015 same characteristics with those places where agriculture is the main production sector. Mollo community lives in Gunung Mutis area with a more fertile land than the other area of Timor Island, so that the area is the main supplier of agriculture products in Timor Island Farram 2004. Thus, the study of the role of Mollo women in agriculture is important to be done. This research was conducted to identify the role of Mollo women of East Nusa Tenggara Province in agriculture and to analyse its relevancy with food self-sufficiency. 2. METHOD 2.1 Time and Location Data collection was performed from February-March 2014 in Fatumnasi Village of East Nusa Tenggara Province. 2.2 Data Collection and Analysis The instruments that used to obtain and analyse primary data were interview guideline and Harvard Gender Analysis tool that used to see a gender profile of a community and the role of gender in development projects that emphasize the importance for interrelation among components of activity, access, and control profile Overholt et al. 1986 in Handayani and Sugiarti 2008. The activity profile is described through activities list that were done by community in three sectors: domestics, production, and social. Meanwhile, access and control profile divide to access and control to the resources and access and control to the obtainable utilization. The profile was made in table form filled with some values based on criteria below: 1. Nothing 0 : If one of the both sides men or women does not do any activity both in domestic, production, or social activity, also does not get any access and control to the resources neither the obtainable utilization. 2. Low 1 : If one of the both sides intensively do domestic, production, and social activity, also get the access and control to the resources neither the obtainable utilization 50. 3. Average 2 : If the both sides do domestic, production, and social activity with the same intensity, also get the access and control to the resources neither the obtainable utilization 50: 50. 4. High 3 : If one of the both sides intensively do domestic, production, and social activity, also get the access and control to the resources neither the obtainable utilization 75. 5. Very high 4 : If domestic, production, and social activity is always be done by one of the both sides, also the access and control to the resources neither the obtainable utilization is only achieved by one of the both sides. The data was collected through in-depth interview, observation, and literature study. The respondents of in-depth interview are 16 women of Mollo that picked by convenience sampling. Beside personal interview the data collected through focus group discussion FGD with 14 women member of Tourism group and Tenun group of Fatumnasi village. The results were analysed using Gender Framework Analysis and qualitative descriptive analysis. 3. RESULT AND DISCUSSION 3.1 The Role of Women in Fatumnasi Village Gender roles is the role that is created by the community for men and women that are formed through various systems of indigenous values, education, religion, politics, economics, and so on Wiliam de Vries-2006. The Division of gender roles in Fatumnasi was created based on the values that apply to the Mollo Community Customs table 2 that also found in the indigenous peoples of Toro in Central Sulawesi Pelea and Toheke 2005. Table 2 shows that 103 Bogor, 21-22 October 2015 the Mollo communitys activities can be divided into three i.e. domestic activity or activities related to activities of households, production activities, and social activities. Table 2: Mollo community activity profile Activities Adults Childs M F M F A. Domestic Activities Washing 4 2 Water supply 1 3 Fuel wood collection 1 3 3 3 Food preparation 4 2 Child take care 4 Housecleaning 4 4 1 Lopo reparation 4 Keep in family good health 4 B. Production Activities Agriculture Soil management 3 1 Seed plantation 4 Plant maintenance 2 2 Harvesting 2 2 1 1 Land cleansing 3 1 1 1 Seed selection 4 Field fencing 4 Post-harvest management 4 Animal husbandry Feed the large livestock 3 1 Feed the small livestock 4 1 1 Monitor livestock in forest 4 Non wood forest product Honey 2 2 1 1 Tenun 4 1 C. Social Activities Conservation movement 1 3 Community development 3 1 There are eight types of domestic activities that identified was conducted by Mollo community in Fatumnasi village. Five of the eight domestic activities are only done by adult women. This shows that in the division of gender roles in Fatumnasi, the main task of women as housewives who specifically work in the domestic sector or households. It is also shown by the role of a daughter who is also has more tasks than boy’s. According to the theory of social learning social-learning theory based on the concept of nature σ nurturer difference of gender roles is the result of the demands and expectations of the environment Sadli 2010. 104 Bogor, 21-22 October 2015 Thus girls in Mollo directed to become a housewife as demands and expectations from the environment by granting different tasks with the boys. Mollo women also involved in almost all production activities at Fatumnasi. In addition of the two activities in the social field, women contribute more in the conservation movement and less involved in the community empowerment program. Thus, Mollo women have a lot of activity with high intensity. However it does not close the male role that looks a little bit in the table 2. The men has important role in agricultural production and animal husbandry, their time was running out for both those activities because it usually is done at a location away from home. Mollo women and men work together in each activity depending on the time they have to work on these activities. 3.2 Role of Women in Agriculture Production activity in Fatumnasi is divided into 4 main activities, namely agriculture, livestock, processing of forest products honey, weaving and handicraft. Agriculture is the main product in the increased income of the Fatumnasi village. Agriculture is carried out by the Fatumnasi villagers is food crops agriculture include vegetables such as carrots, potatoes, leeks, and garlic, and corn. The activity of cultivating, starting from the selection of seed up to harvesting results. Mollo women have the main task in the selection of seeds, planting seeds Figure 1, and post- harvest processing, while other work is carried out together with the men. The role was not much different from the role of women in agriculture in Guatemala Lara and Azurdia 2002, Tana Toraja Dungga 2007, and Pakistan Samee et al. 2000. It can therefore be concluded that the role of women in agriculture is closely associated with the management of seeds. Figure 1: Seed was planted by Mollo women Mollo women usually harvest vegetables such as carrots, potatoes, and onion for cooking during harvesting time. The community which has extensive gardens produces more harvest results so many sold to markets outside the city, while having extensive tidal will sell the gardens in the local market or simply the subject of bartering with the neighbors. Produces to be sold to the market should be in a uniform shape and size, while larger size are separated for further planting seeds. The selection of the seeds according to Lara and Azurdia 2002 was the role of women in agriculture which is also a key role in the conservation of genetic resources. The corn harvest is done once a year and each of the crops used for food supplies for one year. The selected seed corn-corn is that has a uniform green and Nice in one cob. They do the same way in corn harvesting, their main role is in seed management. 105 Bogor, 21-22 October 2015 3.3 Relevancy between Genetic Resource Preservation and Food Sufficiency Womens knowledge about seed may also be owned by the men but according to Shiva and the mies 2005 knowledge possessed differently by women, because of the diversity of the resources produced and preserved through reproduction and preservation of culture by women. This occurs in Mollo women. They produce seeds with planting until harvest, and make use of the seeds for cooking needs. The knowledge of women is so beneficial to the conservation of the local superior cultivars. According to Faesal and Suryawati 2011 local corn cultivars that can still be found in some places means the corn type have been conserved in nature in a long period of time at a particular location. The cultivar can be sustained into the local superior cultivars because it has high adaptation resources to the environment and has a unique character which endeared the farmer. Thrupp 2000 explained that incorporation of farmers local knowledge, practices and experimentation is advantageous in efforts to encourage agro-biodiversity and sustainable agriculture. Mollo people have all of the elements that Thrupp 2000 has explained including local knowledge, practices, and experimentation. Therefore, the future of their agriculture is the sustainable agriculture that can provide their food sufficiency. 4. CONCLUSION Results indicated that Mollo women had very significant contributions to agriculture as seed selector, seed planter, and post-harvesting manager. The role in seed management would ensure the quality of selected seeds that were closely linked to the preservation of genetic resources. Genetic resources on the other hand are vital to food security and sustainable agriculture as they ensure the best quality of seeds as well as sustainability of local food diversity. Preserving local food diversity is very important in achieving self-sufficiency in food. Thus, the conservation of genetic resources and the use of crop diversity could contribute to sustainable agriculture in achieving food sufficiency. REFERENCES Dungga, N.E. 2007. Gender dan konservasi sumberdaya alam di Lembang Turunan, Kecamatan Sangalla, Kabupaten Tana Toraja. Kyoto: Universitas Kyoto dan Universitas Hasanudin. Faesal, Suryawati. 2011. Urgensi koleksi plasma nutfah jagung lokal di Flores Nusa Tenggara Timur. Seminar Nasional Serelia 2011. Farram, S.G. 2004. From ‘Timor Koepang’ to ‘Timor NTT’: a political history of West Timor, 1901-1967. Darwin: Faculty of Law, Bussines and Art, Charles Darwin University. Handayani, T., Sugiarti. 2008. Konsep dan Teknik Penelitian Gender. Dharma S, Ed.. Malang: UMM Press. Lara, E.L.D., Azurdia, C. 2002. The Role of Women in the Conservation of the Genetic Resources of Maize Guatemala. Roma: FAO and IPGRI. Sadli, S. 2010. Berbeda tetapi Setara Pemikiran tentang Kajian Perempuan. Bachtiar I, Ed. Jakarta: Penerbit Buku Kompas. Shiva, V., Mies, M. 2005. Ecofeminism. Ismunanto, K. Lilik, Translators. Yogyakarta: IRE Press. Thrupp, L.A. 2000. Linking agricultural biodiversity and food security: the valuable role of agrobiodiversity for sustainable agriculture. International Affairs 76 22000 265-281. William-de Vries, D. 2006. Gender Bukan Tabu Catatan Perjalanan Fasilitasi Kelompok Perempuan di Jambi. Bogor: CIFOR. 106 Bogor, 21-22 October 2015 PAPER A13 - Role of forest in livelihood strategy in the peat land of Central Kalimantan ex-mega rice project area Noviana Khususiyah 1 and S.Suyanto 1 1 World Agroforestry Centre ICRAF, Jl. Cifor, Situ Gede, Sindang Barang, Bogor, Indonesia Corresponding Email: n.khususiyahcgiar.org ABSTRACT Overexploitation of natural resources leading to forest degradation has occurred due to increased human populations and economic pressures. Politics also plays an important role, for example, in the conversion of forests to rice fields on peatland in the ex-mega-rice project in Central Kalimantan. Yet, forests are important sources of livelihoods for local communities. The degradation of forests as a result of the ex-mega-rice project had considerable impact on local communities. We carried out a study in Block A southern part and Block E northern part of the project area in Kapuas district, Central Kalimantan, to assess the role of forests for local communities. The sites were chosen to represent both degraded and functional forested areas. Focus-group discussions and household surveys were conducted to collect data. The results were showed that forests were less available in Block A, since accessing forests far away was costly, not many villagers in Block A were interested in extraction of forest products. However, forests remained an important resource for poor people who had limited access to other income sources. In contrast, the forests in Block E were more available and accessible. About 35.5 of income in Block E came from gemor a forest product and about 57 of respondents collected it. Forest extraction reduced the inequality of income in Block A but increased it in Block E. Keywords: ex-mega rice project area, forest, livelihoods, poverty and equity. 1. INTRODUCTION Current international negotiations on incentive systems for reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation in developing countries REDD have yet to clarify the scope of the intended rules and the relationship with other types of land use change emissions previously deforested peatlands, agriculture and trees outside forest. However, the landscape-scale relationships between rural livelihoods, economic development and conservation and enhancement of above and belowground carbon stocks need to be understood for any of the institutional mechanisms currently discussed. Within Indonesia, the peatlands of Central Kalimantan are a recognized hotspot of emissions, with a complex history of planned and spontaneous land use change as their cause, within a peat dome environment that provides strong linkages between water tables and associated fire risk and requires the integration of management on a scale considerably above the village level. This article details a livelihood assessment that included an analysis of land management, land tenure, livelihood, poverty, and equity for the area known as the Ex-Mega Rice Project’ in Central Kalimantan, focusing on Block A strongly affected by the Rice Project and Block E relatively intact that cover parts of the major peat dome and adjacent rivers. 107 Bogor, 21-22 October 2015 2. METHOD 2.1 General description of the study area