RESULT AND DISCUSSION 1 Feasibility of coffee as a seeded non wood forest products
Bogor, 21-22 October 2015
434
Nimax = maximum value of the indicator i of the criteria c c = criteria economic, biophysic, institution, social and technology
Table 1: Indicators and standards of seeded NWFPs
Indicators Standards
Value
Indicator 1 a. Standard a
b. Standard b c. Standard c
3 2
1
Indicator 2 a. Standard a
b. Standard b c. Standard c
3 2
1
Indicator ... a. Standard a
3 b. Standard b
c. Standard c 2
1 Indicator n
a. Standard a b. Standard b
c. Standard c 3
2 1
4 Calculating Total Seeded Value TSV of coffee by adding WIV of all criteria, or TSV = WIV of economic + WIV of biophysic + WIV of institution + WIV of social + WIV of
technology 5 Determining seeded value SV of coffee as a seeded NWFP, using the following
parameters : - SV 1 is a coffee with TSV = 78-100
- SV 2 is a coffee with TSV = 54-77 - SV 3 is a coffee with TSV = 33-53
Coffee was assessed as a seeded NWFP of the Forest District of South Bandung if it has SV 1 or SV 2.
3. RESULT AND DISCUSSION 3.1 Feasibility of coffee as a seeded non wood forest products
3.1.1 Economic criteria
Results of the analysis of economic feasibility criteria of coffee as a seeded NWFP of the FDSB were presented in Table 2. It could be seen that the coffee had a weighted indicator
value WIV of 31.67. Indicators which accounted for the high value were local trade, range of marketing, potential of international market, coverage concession and business investment,
and indicator which accounted for moderate value was market chain. Coffee international market potential of West Java was high due to consumer demand in West
Java coffee from various countries, including the United States, Germany, France and Japan Bisnis Indonesia, 2014. However, most of the South Bandung coffee production, which
amounted to 3,000 tons grain coffee per year, was sold to local and domestic markets. With the price of grain coffee Rp 15,000 per kg, the value of South Bandung coffee trade was Rp 45
million per year KPH Bandung Selatan, 2012. Meanwhile, the indicator which accounts for low value was export trade. Until mid-2013, West
Java has not had a coffee geographical indication certification GIC, which isone of the prerequisites of a region can be directly exported coffee. In this condition, West Java coffee
Bogor, 21-22 October 2015
435 was exported indirectly through on behalf of other areas that already have GIC, generally
Medan and Surabaya. The volume of West Java coffee exports indirectly estimated 200 tons per year with a value of approximately Rp 13 billion per year Sindonews, 2012. Thus, the
value of indirect coffee exports from the FDSB expected to be less than US 500 000 Rp 5.75 billions per year.
Table 2: Indicators and standards of economic feasibility criteria of coffee as a seeded NWFPweight35
Indicators Standards
Values
1. Export trade value a. High tradevalue per year
≥ USD 1 millions 3
b. Moderate trade value per yearUSD 0,5 – 1 million
2 c. Low trade value per yearUSD 500 thousands
1 2. Local trade value
a. High trade value per year Rp 1 billion 3
b. Moderate trade value per year Rp 0,5 – 1 billion
2 c. Low nilai perdagangan per year Rp 500 millions
1 3. Range of marketing
a. International, national dan local 3
b. international and national, international and local, or national and local
2 c. Local
1 4. International market potency
a. High demanded by 3 nations 3
b. Moderate demanded by 1-3 nations 2
c. Low not demanded by other nation 1
5. Market chain a. High involving gatherer, small and medium
bussinesses,big bussinessindustryandGovernment 3
b. Moderate involving gatherer, small and medium business, andgovernment
2 c. Simple involving gatherer,and small and
mediumbusiness 1
6. Coverage concession a. Consist ofupstream, middle and downstream industries
3 b. Consist of upstream and middle industries
2 c. Only consist of upstream industries
1 7. Business investment
a. Many ≥ 5 already invested enterprises and or existing
large employers 3
b. A little 5 already invested enterprises or existing large employers
2 c. None there is no invested enterprise
1 ∑ indicator value
19 Maximum indicator value
21 Weighted indicator value
31.67
Remarks: assessment results
Although coffee exports from the FDSB were still limited, investment in coffee business was quite high. Business entities that invest in the coffee business, among others, were 29 coffee
farmer cooperatives KPH Bandung Selatan, 2012 and five 5 medium-scale coffee processing industries Dinas Perindustrian dan Perdagangan Kota Bandung, 2012.
3.1.2
Biophysic and environment criteria Results of the analysis of biophysical and environmental feasibility criteria of coffee as a
seeded NWFP of the FDSB were presented in Table 2. It coul be seen that coffee had aWIV of 15. All indicators accounted for the high value, indicating coffee was suitable to be
cultivated in the FDSB. As a crop, the coffee plant is not included as a conserved plant not listed in Appendix Citex.
As a shade-tolerant plants Budiman, 2012; Cahyono, 2011, coffee is suitable to be grown
Bogor, 21-22 October 2015
436 under forest stands. In the FDSB, coffee cultivated in forest area bordering the 111 villages.
The coffee was planted with a distance of 2 m X 2.5 m about 2,000 trees per hectare under eucalyptus and pine stands which were planted at a distance of 4 m X 4 m KPH Bandung
Selatan, 2012. Furthermore, the villages around the forest had paved roads or macadam so the coffee harvest could be transported throughout the year.
Table 3: Indicators and standards of biophysical and environmental feasibility criteria of coffee as a seededNWFP weight 15
Indicators Standards
Values
1. Potency of plant a. High procentage of the number of trees per ha 60
normal condition 3
b. Moderate procentage of the number of trees per ha 40-60 normal condition
2 c. Low procentage of the number of trees per ha 40
normal condition 1
2. Distribution a. Evenly there is in
≥ 23 the area concern 3
b. Fairly evenly there is in13-23 the area concern 2
c. Unevenly there is in 13 the area concern 1
3. Conservation status a. Not listed in CITES Appendix
3 b. Listed in CITES Appendix II
2 c. Listed in CITES Appendix I
1 4. Cultivation
a. Production of NWFP ≥ 70 of cultured
3 b. Production of NWFP 40-70 of cultured
2 c. Production of NWFP 40 of cultured
1 5. Accessibility to source of coffee a. Easily accessibly by land transpotation or water
throughout the year 3
b. Easily accessibly by land transpotation or water not throughout the year
2 c. Difficult to reach by land transpotation or water
throughout the year 1
∑ indicator value 15
Maximum indicator value 15
Weighted indicator value 15
Remarks: assessment results
3.1.3 Social criteria
Results of the analysis of social feasibility criteria of coffee as a NWFP of the FDSB were presented in Table 3. It could be seen that the coffee had a WIV of 7.5. The indicator of
business ownership accounted for a high value three, while the indicator of involvement of local community contributed a low value one.
In the FDSB, coffee cultivation was carried out based on an agreement or through a partnership between the company and groups of farmers. In the agreement, the farmers were
given the opportunity to cultivate coffee under forest stand and obliged to participate in forest management. Coffee production was divided, 85 for the farmers and 15 for the company
KPH Bandung Selatan, 2010. Through such cooperation, coffee cultivation in the forest was expected to take place sustainably.
Local people directly involved in coffee business was estimated 20,000 people. They were farmers, coffee traders, coffee processing industries workers and coffee entrepreneurs.
However, the percentage of local people who were absorbed in the coffee business was still low considering there were 319,000 households families who live around the forest KPH
Bandung Selatan, 2011; Ekonomi hijau, 2012. If there were two labor forces in each
Bogor, 21-22 October 2015
437 household, the number of labor force in the FDSB and surrounding areas was 638 000 people
and the percentage of local people absorbed in coffee business was only 3.1320,000 divided by 638 000 multiplied by 100.
Table 4: Indicators and standards of social feasibility criteria of coffee as a seeded NWFP weight 15
Indicators Standards
Value
1. Community involvement a. Mostly involve local community
percentage involved 20 3
b. Involve some local community percentage involved 5
–20 2
c. Involve local community little persentase yang percentage involved 5
1 2. Business ownership
a. Local people in partnership with firms 3
b. Only locally owned community 2
c. Only owned by firms 1
∑ indicator value 3
Maximum indicator value 6
Weighted indicator value 7,5
Remarks: assessment results